CHLORDANE

5103-74-2(Trans-Chlordane)
5566-34-7(2,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-Methano-1H-indene)
5103-71-9(Cis-Chlordane)
57-74-9(4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro- 2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-)
12789-03-6(Chlordane (technical))

NIOSH/RTECS NUMBER

PB9800000

UN/NA NUMBER

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

STCC NUMBER

4913170
4909320

DESIGNATIONS

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NUMBER:1915474
STANDARD INDUSTRIAL TRADE CLASSIFICATION NUMBER:59110

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C10-H6-Cl8

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

131-FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Budavari, 1996; EPA, 1990; Hayes & Laws, 1991; Howard, 1991; HSDB , 2001; OHM/TADS , 2001; RTECS , 2001)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Chlordane products were used for fire ant control in power transformers and as insecticides for termites, home, garden and agricultural applications (HSDB , 2001).
The EPA canceled all commercial use of chlordane in the United States as of April 14, 1988 (ATSDR, 1994).

FORMS

Chlordane is a viscous amber liquid, with a sharp odor (CHRIS , 2001; HSDB , 2001; Lewis, 1997).
The technical grade of chlordane is a brown liquid (HSDB , 2001).
Chlordane can also exist in white, crystalline form (HSDB , 2001).
Chlordane is an organochlorine insecticide and a member of the cyclodiene family. The technical grade consists of a mixture of approximately 1:1 cis- and trans-chlordane, and 4 to 10 percent heptachlor (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
Budavari (2000) describes the commercial product as a mixture containing 60 to 75 percent of the pure compound and 25 to 40 percent of related compounds.
A variety of dusts, powders, and solutions in kerosene containing 2 to 80 percent chlordane are available (CHRIS , 2001).

SOURCES

Chlordane is synthesized from hexachlorocylopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, and chlorine in a Diels-Alder reaction (Ashford, 1994).
Chlordane does not occur naturally (HSDB , 2001).

SYNONYM EXPLANATION

Technical chlordane has CAS number 12789-03-6.

Alpha- (or cis-) chlordane has CAS number 5103-71-9.

Trans- (or beta-) chlordane has CAS number 5103-74-2.

Gamma-chlordane has CAS number 5566-34-7.

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Chlordane may be toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and dermal or eye exposure. It is a persistent CNS stimulant. Technical grade chlordane is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes; however, this may be more true for the early formulations that contained the contaminant hexachlorocyclopentadiene.

General symptoms of chlordane poisoning may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, gastritis, abdominal pain, anuria, headache, coughing, excitability, irritability, confusion, delirium, muscle spasms, dizziness, paresthesia, weakness, ataxia, loss of coordination, tremor, violent clonic/tonic convulsions or epileptiform seizures, and pulmonary edema, followed by CNS depression, coma and death with respiratory arrest.

The liver and kidney may also be affected in acute exposure. Elevated white blood cell counts were noted. Exposures to excessive concentrations have been associated with rare cases of aplastic anemia. Diplopia and blurred vision have been reported after exposure.

Chronic exposure may cause headache, GI symptoms, fatigue, memory deficits, personality changes, decreased attention span, numbness or paresthesias, disorientation, loss of coordination, dry eyes, and seizures. Toxicity may also result in liver, spleen and kidney damage.

Several cases of optic neuritis have been reported from treatment of homes with chlordane for termites.

Chlordane may be a potential occupational carcinogen.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.
Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Chlordane is a persistent, fat-soluble central nervous system stimulant (Baselt, 2000). It can be absorbed by inhalation, ingestion, and contact with the skin (Bingham et al, 2001; Hathaway et al, 1996; Sittig, 1991). Dermal absorption can be rapid and fatal (Hathaway et al, 1996). The fatal human dose has been estimated to be 6 to 60 grams (Lewis, 2000).

Chlordane can also be absorbed in substantial quantities through the skin from contaminated soil; multiple repeated washings with soap and water may be required to remove residual amounts from the skin (Wester et al, 1992). There was a report of fatal dermal exposure, although there was prior occupational exposure by other routes in this case (Derbes et al, 1955).

Chlordane formulations manufactured in the USA before 1951 irritated the eyes and mucous membranes. This does not seem to occur with more recent formulations (Bingham et al, 2001), but may still be the case with formulations manufactured in other countries.

Chlordane is moderately toxic (Bingham et al, 2001). Acute toxicity, however, depends on the solvent (ACGIH, 1991). Symptoms begin 45 minutes to several hours after exposure (Sittig, 1991). Onset of seizures may be 1/2 to 3 hours after exposure, and death or recovery usually occurs within several hours to one day (Hathaway et al, 1996).

Like other organochlorines, chlordane is a CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT in acute exposures (Baselt, 2000).

General symptoms of chlordane poisoning from any route of exposure include malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, anuria, headache, hyperesthesia, paresthesia, apprehension, excitability, irritability, confusion, agitation, dizziness, delirium, twitching, tremors, muscle spasms, loss of coordination, ataxia, pallor and coughing (Baselt, 2000; Budavari, 1996; EPA, 1988; EPA, 1985) Garrettson et al, 1984-85; (HSDB , 2001; Morgan, 1993; Zenz, 1994).
More serious effects include clonic/tonic convulsions or epileptiform seizures, pulmonary edema resulting in cyanosis and dyspnea, respiratory depression, delayed onset of CNS depression preceded by CNS excitation, coma, and death from respiratory arrest (Baselt, 2000; Budavari, 1996; EPA, 1988; EPA, 1985) Garrettson et al, 1984-85; (HSDB , 2001; Morgan, 1993; Zenz, 1994).
Convulsions range from myoclonic jerking to violent seizures; coma may or may not occur with convulsions (EPA, 1985). Convulsions may appear as an early sign, in the absence of the above symptoms (Morgan, 1993). In some cases of exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, convulsions have been so intense that compression fractures of the vertebrae have occurred (Stranger & Kerridge, 1968). Acute exposures can produce recurring convulsions over several days for the more slowly metabolized compounds (EPA, 1988; EPA, 1985).
Organochlorine insecticides interfere with the flux of cations across the nerve cell membranes and increase their excitability (Morgan, 1993). With chlordane, the earliest signs may be excitability and hyperactive (overactive) reflexes (HSDB , 2001).
Paresthesia (tingling) in the hands and arms were early signs in one case of chlordane poisoning (Barnes, 1967). The victim may also be confused (Derbes et al, 1955). Nausea and vomiting may be more likely if the product formulation includes petroleum distillate solvents (Grant, 1986).
Diplopia and blurred vision plus nausea, vomiting and convulsions developed in a girl who ingested one teaspoon of chlordane in a mixture of pine oil, petroleum distillate and polyethylene glycol. She recovered in five days (Grant & Schuman, 1993).

The liver and kidney can also be affected in acute chlordane exposures. Chlordane is a hepatic enzyme inducer (Garrettson et al, 1984-85). Anuria (lack of urine) occurred in a fatal case of chlordane ingestion. Degeneration of the renal tubule epithelium was seen at autopsy (HSDB , 2001).

Acute exposures to chlordane can affect blood components.

Increased white blood cell counts have been reported in acute chlordane intoxication (Olanoff et al, 1983). Exposures to high amounts of chlordane have been associated with rare individual cases of aplastic anemia, a result of general failure of the generation of all the formed blood elements (Morgan, 1989).
Chlordane exposure has been related to aplastic anemia and may cause sclerodermatous changes, especially in the hands, sometimes with Raynaud syndrome (Goldfrank, 1998).

In a review on the toxicity of chlordane, many signs and symptoms attributed to acute chlordane toxicity were not apparent; only tremor and convulsions were found (Grutsch & Khasawinah, 1991). Another study reported that tremor may be essentially absent (Hayes & Laws, 1991).

Although chlordane accumulates in fat, it is rapidly removed; little remains 20 days after exposure ends (Zenz, 1994). Based on one case of human poisoning, the half-life for distribution was 7 hours, and for elimination was 34 days (Hathaway et al, 1991).

Metabolites can arise from two metabolic pathways in rats, and include trans-chlordane, 1,2-dichlorochlordene, oxychlordane, 1-hydroxy-2-chlorodene, 1-hydroxy-2-chloro-2,3-epoxychlordene, chlordene chlorohydrin, and 1,2-trans-di-hydroxydihydrochlordene (Hayes & Laws, 1991).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Chlordane is lipophilic and accumulates in the body fat (Bingham et al, 2001; Lewis, 1998). CUMULATIVE TOXICITY may therefore be an important consideration in chronic exposures. In one study of persons exposed occupationally for periods of 1 to 15 years, there were no adverse effects (Fishbein et al, 1964). No apparent ill effects occurred in an occupational population exposed to 5 mg/m(3) for 1 to 3 years (ACGIH, 1991).

Low-level chronic exposures in chlordane-treated homes may be common. In a study of 68 persons (mean age 33 years) exposed to chlordane in their homes, the following symptoms were observed in varying degrees: headaches, GI difficulties, fatigue, memory deficits, personality changes, decreased attention span, numbness or paresthesias, disorientation, loss of coordination, dry eyes, and seizures (Spyker et al, 1989).

Chronic exposure to chlordane can affect the nervous system. Recurring seizures may be evident. Jacksonian and grand mal seizures occurred in one case of chronic exposure mainly by the dermal route (Barnes, 1967).

At least some of the effects may be reversible once exposure ceases. In one case, a nurseryman who suffered recurring grand mal seizures from exposure to chlordane showed normal EEG patterns by one year after discontinuation of exposure (Barnes, 1967).

Several cases of optic neuritis have been reported from treatment of homes with chlordane for termites (EPA, 1990; Grant, 1986). Once applied, chlordane remains effective for more than 26 YEARS (Bingham et al, 2001).

Chronic chlordane exposure can damage liver, kidneys and spleen due to its cumulative poisoning effects (Baselt, 2000; Lewis, 1998).

Chronic absorption commonly induces hepatomegaly in humans and experimental animals. Repeated ingestion in rats caused degenerative changes in the liver (Ambrose et al, 1953). Enlarged cells and nuclei and inclusions were seen in male rats (Ambrose et al, 1953).
Indeed, the liver was the only organ showing signs of toxicity in chronic experimental animal studies (ACGIH, 1991). The liver was the most affected organ after chronic dermal application in mice; centrilobular necrosis was produced (Frings & O'Tousa, 1950). Animals given chlordane chronically have also shown degenerative changes in the renal tubules (Lewis, 2000).

The blood can also be affected.

Chlordane exposure has been associated with leukemias and thrombocytopenic purpura, although a firm link is lacking (Goldfrank, 1998).
Chlordane may have induced rare cases of megaloblastic anemia. A report by Infante et al (1978) is representative of a number of case reports implicating organochlorines as possible causal agents for a variety of blood dyscrasias (Sharp et al, 1986). These have generally involved exposure in homes treated for termites (Epstein & Ozonoff, 1987).

Presence of serum anti-nuclear antibodies, a sign of autoimmune disease, was associated with exposure to insecticides including chlordane in a cross-sectional study of 332 adults living in a prairie environment in Canada (Rosenberg et al, 1999). Because of mixed exposures to other insecticides, including carbamate, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor and lindane, this effect could not be attributed specifically to chlordane.

Chlordane is not a sensitizer (EPA, 1988).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles), as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), should be used when working with this chemical. Face shields should only be worn over primary eye protection. Contact lens use is not recommended when working with this chemical. If contact lenses are worn, then appropriate eye and face protection devices must be used. OSHA emphasizes that dusty and/or chemical environments may represent an additional hazard to contact lens wearers.
DERMAL EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Central nervous system, eyes, lungs, liver and kidneys [in animals: liver cancer](National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007; OSHA, 2000).

GENERAL -

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water. Because of the potential for rapid onset of CNS depression or seizures with possible aspiration of gastric contents, EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED. Cautious gastric lavage followed by administration of activated charcoal may be of benefit if the patient is seen soon after the exposure.

INHALATION EXPOSURE -

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

EYE EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

INGESTION EXPOSURE -

Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation or central nervous system depression, DO NOT induce emesis.
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ADULT

A 1984 WHO study estimated the acute lethal dose of chlordane to be between 25 and 50 mg/kg. However, the estimation method and documentation were not identified (ATSDR, 1994).
Human lethal dose is 100 mg/kg (OHM/TADS , 2001).
It is estimated that the fatal oral dose for adults is between 6 and 60 grams. The onset of symptoms will begin within 45 minutes to several hours after ingestion. Convulsions have been induced by as little as 2.25 grams (HSDB , 2001).
A 30 gram topical skin application to an adult resulted in death in 40 minutes (HSDB , 2001).
One person receiving an accidental skin application of 25 percent solution of chlordane (amounting to something over 30 g of technical chlordane) developed symptoms within about 40 minutes and died, apparently of respiratory failure, before medical attention was obtained (Lewis, 1996).
One suicidal person ingested 6 g of chlordane in talc and experienced mouth burns, serious gastritis, diffuse pneumonia, anuria, mania, convulsions, and, finally, death after 9.5 hours (HSDB , 2001).
The lethal dose of chlordane for humans is not known, but has been estimated to be in the range of 6 to 60 g (0.2 to 2 ounces); however, oral doses as low as 2 to 4 g have been fatal in cases involving preexisting liver damage (Lewis, 1996).
Fatal human dose has been estimated at 6 g (ACGIH, 1996).

ANIMAL

Dermal doses of 50 mg/kg/day in cottonseed oil were fatal to all rats after three or four days, while the same dose given orally for 15 days caused toxic symptoms and some deaths. These results suggest that chlordane was more toxic by the dermal route, and exhibited cumulative toxicity (Ambrose et al, 1953).
The minimum oral toxic dose for a young calf is about 25 mg/kg (HSDB , 2001).
Technical chlordane was fed to rats for 2 years at various dosage levels. Results indicated that mortality increased at the 300 ppm concentration, but not at concentrations of 150 ppm or lower (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

ADULT

Workers exposed to 5 mg/m(3) for 1 to 3 years did not experience any illnesses (ACGIH, 1996).
Convulsions have been caused by as little as 2.25 g in humans (ACGIH, 1996).
A person survived the accidental ingestion of approximately 300 mL of a 75% chlordane solution (215 g chlordane). The patient experienced rapid onset of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological effects (Hathaway et al, 1996).
In a study conducted before newer production methods refined the product and reduced the toxicity of chlordane, 22 workers exposed to air concentrations exceeding 5 mg/m(3) were examined. The workers showed none of the symptoms manifested in exposed animals. Symptoms looked for included loss of weight, anorexia, nervous disorders, and disturbances of vision and respiration (ACGIH, 1996).
Exposure of humans to 7% chlordane vapor for 15 minutes per day every 3 days for 12 weeks, and again one year later, had no apparent ill effects (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
No increases in cases of neurologic, gastrointestinal, or dermatologic complaints were seen in the week after the public water supply in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, became contaminated with 6.6 ppm chlordane (Anon, 1981).
Acute symptoms reported immediately following a chlordane termiticide application included headache (22 percent), sore throat and respiratory infections (16 percent), fatigue (14 percent), sleeping difficulties, blurred vision, weakness and fainting, or confusion (Menconi et al, 1988).

The source of these data was a health questionnaire mailed to 85 private households previously treated with chlordane for termite control.
Chronic health conditions reported include sinusitis (21 percent), bronchitis (13 percent), migraine (8 percent), dermatitis (8 percent), asthma (5 percent), neuralgia or neuritis (5 percent), and disease of the ovary and uterus (4 percent).

ANIMAL

Mice were exposed to saturated chlordane vapor (in the absence of hexachlorocyclopentadiene) for 25 days without apparent ill effects (Hathaway et al, 1996).
The lowest dietary level of chlordane which induced liver microsomal oxidases in rats was 50 ppm for 2 weeks (Den Tonkelaar & Van Esch, 1974).
Khasawinah & Grutsch (1989) report a long-term no-observed-effect level (NOEL) of 1 ppm chlordane in diet from a 24-month tumorigenicity and chronic toxicity study in mice.
Interferences with reproduction resulted when rats and mice received dosages above 30 mg/kg of chlordane; however, these effects were reversible (Hathaway et al, 1996).
Eight cattle sprayed with a 2% solution of chlordane 12 times at 2-week intervals exhibited no signs of systemic intoxication or local irritation (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
Pigeons that were exposed continuously for 60 days to vapors from surfaces treated with chlordane at 1000 mg/sq ft showed no apparent ill effects (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS5103-74-2 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS5566-34-7 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS5103-71-9 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS57-74-9 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A3 ; Listed as: Chlordane

A3 :Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 2B ; Listed as: Chlordane

2B : The agent (mixture) is possibly carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are possibly carcinogenic to humans. This category is used for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. It may also be used when there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. In some instances, an agent, mixture or exposure circumstance for which there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but limited evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals together with supporting evidence from other relevant data may be placed in this group.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Ca ; Listed as: Chlordane

Ca : NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).

MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 3B ; Listed as: Chlordane

Category 3B : Substances for which in vitro or animal studies have yielded evidence of carcinogenic effects that is not sufficient for classification of the substance in one of the other categories. Further studies are required before a final decision can be made. A MAK value can be established provided no genotoxic effects have been detected. (Footnote: In the past, when a substance was classified as Category 3 it was given a MAK value provided that it had no detectable genotoxic effects. When all such substances have been examined for whether or not they may be classified in Category 4, this sentence may be omitted.)

NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS12789-03-6 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): B2 ; Listed as: Chlordane (Technical)

B2 : Probable human carcinogen - based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals.

IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS5103-74-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS5566-34-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS5103-71-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS57-74-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS12789-03-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor: 3.5x10(-1) per mg/kg-day
RfD: 5x10(-4) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk: 1x10(-1) per mg/m3
RfC: 7x10(-4) mg/m3

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk: 1x10(-2) per mg/L

TOXICITY VALUES

References: Hartley & Kidd, 1990 HSDB, 2001 Lewis, 2000 OHM/TADS, 2001 RTECS, 2001
- LC50- (INHALATION)CAT:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
- LDLo- (ORAL)HUMAN:
- LDLo- (SKIN)HUMAN:
- LDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LDLo- (INTRAVENOUS)RABBIT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)HUMAN:
- TDLo- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

1 ppm = 16.76 mg/m(3) (at 25 degrees C and 760 mmHg) (HSDB , 2001)
1 ppm = 17.04 mg/m(3) (at 68 degrees and 760 mmHg) (NIOSH , 1996)
1 mg/ m(3) = 0.0597 ppm (HSDB , 2001)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS5103-74-2 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS5566-34-7 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS5103-71-9 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS57-74-9 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Chlordane

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 0.5 mg/m(3)
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A3
Codes: Skin
Definitions:

A3: Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.
Skin: This refers to the potential significant contribution to the overall exposure by the cutaneous route, including mucous membranes and the eyes, either by contact with vapors or, of likely greater significance, by direct skin contact with the substance. It should be noted that although some materials are capable of causing irritation, dermatitis, and sensitization in workers, these properties are not considered relevant when assigning a skin notation. Rather, data from acute dermal studies and repeated dose dermal studies in animals or humans, along with the ability of the chemical to be absorbed, are integrated in the decision-making toward assignment of the skin designation. Use of the skin designation provides an alert that air sampling would not be sufficient by itself in quantifying exposure from the substance and that measures to prevent significant cutaneous absorption may be warranted. Please see "Definitions and Notations" (in TLV booklet) for full definition.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Liver dam
Molecular Weight: 409.8

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS12789-03-6 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS5103-74-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS5566-34-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS5103-71-9 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS57-74-9 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS12789-03-6 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS5103-74-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS5566-34-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS5103-71-9 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS57-74-9 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Chlordane
REL:

TWA: 0.5 mg/m(3)
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).
Skin Designation: [skin]

Indicates the potential for dermal absorption; skin exposure should be prevented as necessary through the use of good work practices and gloves, coveralls, goggles, and other appropriate equipment.

Note(s): See Appendix A

IDLH:

IDLH: 100 mg/m3
Note(s): Ca

Ca: NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A).

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS12789-03-6 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS5103-74-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS5566-34-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS5103-71-9 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS57-74-9 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Chlordane
Table Z-1 for Chlordane:

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 0.5

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: Yes
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS12789-03-6 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS5103-74-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS5566-34-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS5103-71-9 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS57-74-9 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS12789-03-6 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS5103-74-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Chlordane (D020)
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information: Unlisted Hazardous Wastes Characteristic of Toxicity

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS5566-34-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Chlordane (D020)
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information: Unlisted Hazardous Wastes Characteristic of Toxicity

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS5103-71-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Chlordane (D020)
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information: Unlisted Hazardous Wastes Characteristic of Toxicity

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS57-74-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Chlordane (D020)
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information: Unlisted Hazardous Wastes Characteristic of Toxicity
Listed as: Chlordane
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Chlordane, alpha & gamma isomers
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Chlordane (technical mixture and metabolites)
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:
Listed as: 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro- 2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-_
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS12789-03-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Chlordane (D020)
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information: Unlisted Hazardous Wastes Characteristic of Toxicity

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS5103-74-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS5566-34-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS5103-71-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS57-74-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS12789-03-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS5103-74-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS5566-34-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS5103-71-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS57-74-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: Chlordane, alpha & gamma isomers
P or U series number: U036
Footnote:
Listed as: 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-
P or U series number: U036
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS12789-03-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS5103-74-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS5566-34-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS5103-71-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS57-74-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Chlordane
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 1

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

1000
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS12789-03-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS5103-74-2 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS5566-34-7 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS5103-71-9 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS57-74-9 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Chlordane
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30:
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28: 10

See 40 CFR 372.28: Lower thresholds for chemicals of special concern

Listed as: Chlordane [4,7-Methanoindan,1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-]
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS12789-03-6 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS5103-74-2 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS5566-34-7 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS5103-71-9 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS57-74-9 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Listed as Chlordane
Severe Marine Pollutant: Yes

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS12789-03-6 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS5103-74-2 (EPA, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS5566-34-7 (EPA, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS5103-71-9 (EPA, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS57-74-9 (EPA, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS12789-03-6 (EPA, 2005):

Not Listed

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS5103-74-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS5566-34-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS5103-71-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS57-74-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS12789-03-6 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

HANDLING

Chlordane is stable to 160 degrees F (CHRIS , 2001).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Appropriate storage containers include: Aluminum, aluminum clad or high-bake, phenolic, enamel-lined metal pails or drums in 5 and 30 gallon capacities (OHM/TADS , 2001).
For emulsifiable concentrates, water emulsions, and oil solutions, glass or steel containers that have a protective baked phenolic coating can be used. Multiwall kraft paper bags generally are used for dusts, dust concentrates, and wettable powders (HSDB , 2001).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

It is stable to 160 degrees F (CHRIS , 2001).
Storage temperature: Ambient (CHRIS , 2001)
Keep in well ventilated area (OHM/TADS , 2001).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Some forms of coatings, rubber, and plastic will be attacked by chlordane (HSDB , 2001).
Iron and zinc are corroded by chlordane (HSDB , 2001).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Avoid inhalation, ingestion and skin contact with this compound. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing for fire fighting and safe handling (EPA, 1985).

When working with chlordane, protective clothing should be worn (Hartley & Kidd, 1990).

Respirators, goggles, and protective gloves should be used (CHRIS , 2001).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Respiratory protection (positive pressure breathing apparatus) is recommended for fire fighting and safe handling of chlordane (EPA, 1985).

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 5103-74-2.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 5566-34-7.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 5103-71-9.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 57-74-9.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

CPF 3

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 12789-03-6.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
Chlordane is a flammable material; it may be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames (EPA, 1985).
When heated to decomposition, chlordane emits toxic fumes of chlorine (Lewis, 2000).
Irritating and toxic hydrogen chloride and phosgene gases may be formed when kerosene solution of the compound burns (CHRIS , 2001).
Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and flash back (EPA, 1985).
Run-off to sewers may create fire or explosion hazards (EPA, 1985).
Containers may explode in the heat of fire (EPA, 1985).
Vapors are toxic and explosive indoors, outdoors and in sewers (EPA, 1985).
Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing during fire fighting activities (EPA, 1985).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS5103-74-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS5566-34-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS5103-71-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS57-74-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS12789-03-6 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS5103-74-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS5566-34-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS5103-71-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS57-74-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS12789-03-6 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Let fire burn unless the flow can safely be stopped or contained (AAR, 2000).

Apply water from as far from the fire as possible; apply it in flooding amounts as fog; solid water streams may not be effective (AAR, 2000).

Use flooding amounts of water to cool affected containers (AAR, 2000).

Carbon dioxide, foam, or dry chemical also may be used to combat the fire (AAR, 2000).

It may be ineffective to use water to extinguish a fire (CHRIS , 2001).

Flooding quantities of water may be used as fog (HSDB , 2001).

Containers of chlordane exposed to fire may be cooled with water (CHRIS , 2001).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, chlordane emits toxic fumes of chlorine (Lewis, 2000).
When a kerosene solution of chlordane burns, hydrogen chloride and phosgene gases my be formed. These may be both irritating and toxic (CHRIS , 2001).
Hazardous decomposition gases and vapors include: hydrogen chloride, chlorine, phosgene, and carbon monoxide (HSDB , 2001).
When chlordane is close to its boiling point, it decomposes to chlorine, phosgene, and hydrogen chloride (HSDB , 2001).
Fires may produce poisonous gases (CHRIS , 2001).
The formation of chlorine and hydrogen chloride gases will occur at temperatures over 200 degrees C (HSDB , 2001).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Chlordane may be ignited by heat, sparks or flames (EPA, 1985).

Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and flash back (EPA, 1985).

Run-off to sewers may create fire or explosion hazards (EPA, 1985).

Containers may explode in the heat of fire (EPA, 1985).

Vapors are toxic and explosive indoors, outdoors, and in sewers (EPA, 1985).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Chlordane vapors are irritating and toxic (EPA, 1985).

Chlordane will emit toxic fumes of chlorine when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 2000).

Irritating and toxic hydrogen chloride and phosgene gases may be formed when kerosene solution of the compound burns (CHRIS , 2001).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, chlordane emits toxic fumes of chlorine (Lewis, 2000).

Chlordane degrades under natural environmental conditions to photo-isomers, such as photo-cis-chlordane, which are more toxic to certain animals than chlordane and also showed higher bioaccumulation (EPA, 1985).

When in the presence of alkaline reagents, chlordane will lose its chlorine. Chlordane should not be formulated with any solvent, carrier, diluent or emulsifier which has an alkaline reaction (Budavari, 2000).

It is incompatible with strong oxidizers and alkaline reagents (NIOSH , 2001).

Irritating and toxic hydrogen chloride and phosgene gases may be formed when kerosene-based chlordane solution burns (CHRIS , 2001).

Chlordane is corrosive to iron and zinc (HSDB , 2001).

Chlordane will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings (HSDB , 2001).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131(ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS5103-74-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS5566-34-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS5103-71-9 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS57-74-9 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS12789-03-6 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS5103-74-2 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS5566-34-7 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS5103-71-9 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS57-74-9 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Chlordane
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.5
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 7.5
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 50
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 100
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS12789-03-6 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS5103-74-2 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS5566-34-7 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS5103-71-9 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS57-74-9 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS12789-03-6 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS5103-74-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS5566-34-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS5103-71-9 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS57-74-9 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 100 mg/m3
Note(s): Ca

(Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A).

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS12789-03-6 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
Small spills of chlordane may be absorbed with paper towels, then evaporated under a hood (ITI, 1995).
Containment of spill on land (AAR, 2000):
- To contain solid or liquid material, dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area.
- To dike surface flow, use soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete.
- Use fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents to absorb bulk liquid.
- To immobilize spill, apply "universal" gelling agent.
Containment of spill in water (AAR, 2000):
- Trap materials at the bottom of the water by making use of natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers.
- Apply activated carbon to spilled material. Use activated carbon at the rate of ten times the amount of chlordane spilled. This is effective if spilled concentration is approximately 10 ppm.
- Immobilized material should be removed with the use of mechanical dredges or lifts.
Containment of spill in air (AAR, 2000):
- Knock down vapors by applying water spray or mist. Use caution, as combustion products will include corrosive or toxic vapors.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Chlordane is readily dehydrochlorinated in alkali to form "nontoxic" products, a reaction catalyzed by traces of iron. The environmental hazards of the products are uncertain. Chlordane is completely dechlorinated by sodium in isopropyl alcohol (Sittig, 1991).
"Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U036, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste" (HSDB , 2001).
Container Disposal (HSDB , 2001):
- "Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites."
- "Group II Containers: Non-combustible containers from organic or metallo- organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (e.g., 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal, or burial in a designated landfill."
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

For in situ amelioration, chlordane will be removed by activated carbon. Peat moss or straw will also absorb solvent chlordane (OHM/TADS , 2001).
Chlordane is a potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1600 degrees C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. It is also a potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1600 degrees C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids (HSDB , 2001).
Chlordane can be dissolved in a flammable solvent and incinerated if conditions are controlled. To removed halo acids from the effluent gas, the incinerator should include an afterburner and an acid scrubber. Proper ash disposal procedures should be in place (ATSDR, 1994).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Approximately 4,422 pounds of chlordane were released into the atmosphere in the United States in 1990 (ATSDR, 1994).

Chlordane is an extremely persistent pollutant (ATSDR, 1994).

Chlordane has a high bioconcentration factor and is subject to long range transport. Due to these two factors, chlordane is prevalent in the Arctic food web (ATSDR, 1994).

Due to its use as a termiticide, EPA estimates that 52 million people have been exposed to chlordane in their homes. However, because some foods, especially fish, are contaminated with chlordane, the actual number of people exposed to chlordane is greater than 52 million (ATSDR, 1994).

Chlordane is not used in or imported to the United States. It is still produced in the United States for export. There is no information available on export volumes (ATSDR, 1994).

Chlordane lingers in soil from past use and also is present in the atmosphere due to volatilization from water and soil as well as wind erosion (ATSDR, 1994).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

Chlordane exists mainly in the vapor phase in air, where it degrades by photolysis and hydroxyl radical reaction (ATSDR, 1994).
During 1988 and 1989 air samples were collected at Sable Island off the coast of Scotland. Mean concentration of chlordanes + nonachlors was 15 pg/m(3). The results illustrate the importance of atmospheric transport in delivering contaminants to the Scotian Shelf (Bidleman et al, 1992).
Long-range transport of chlordane will occur, as it has been detected in atmospheres of remote regions (Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, as well as the Arctic) (HSDB, 2004).
An overwhelming majority (96%) of chlordane in the air exists in the sorbed state (HSDB, 2004).
If released to the atmosphere, chlordane will react in the vapor phase with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals at an estimated half-life rate of 6.2 hours, suggesting that this reaction is the dominant chemical removal process (Howard, 1991).
Direct photolysis of chlordane should not occur. UV radiation above 280 nm is not absorbed by chlordane (HSDB, 2004).
The half-life of chlordane in air ranges from a low of 5.2H to a high of 2.2D (Howard, 1991).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- In water, chlordane will adsorb to the stream bed and suspended sediments. It will also volatilize (ATSDR, 1994).
- Using the EPA model EXAMS, it is estimated that the volatilization half-lives of chlordane from a pond and lake are less than 10 days (ATSDR, 1994).
- The rate at which chlordane will volatilize from water depends upon amount, size, and percent organic material of the suspended material in the water. The rate of volatilization is attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediments (ATSDR, 1994).
- Temperature, wind, and water turbulence will also affect the rate of volatilization of chlordane (ATSDR, 1994).
- Volatilization kinetics of chlordane may be faster than adsorption kinetics. Chlordane volatilizes reasonable rapidly from water (ATSDR, 1994).
- To determine the persistence of chlordane in river water, sealed samples were placed under sunlight and artificial fluorescent lights. The initial concentration of chlordane in the samples was 10 mcg/L. After 1 hour, 100% of the original compound remained; 90% remained after 1 week; 85% remained at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks (HSDB, 2004; Verschueren, 2001; ATSDR, 1994).
- In another study, 2.3 to 50.7% of chlordane added to three samples of river water remained in the aqueous phase for more than 12 weeks (ATSDR, 1994).
- When mixed with river water, 15% was lost in 2 weeks, but the concentration then stabilized for 8 weeks (OHM/TADS , 2001).
- If released to water, chlordane is not expected to undergo significant hydrolysis, oxidation or direct photolysis. The volatilization half-life from a river 1-meter deep and flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec is estimated to be 7.3 (for gamma-isomers) to 7.9 hrs (for trans-isomers) at 23 degrees C. Volatilization half-lives from a representative environmental pond (2 m deep), river (3 m deep) and lake (5 m deep) are estimated to be 18 to 26, 3.6 to 5.2 and 14.4 to 20.6 days. However, adsorption to sediment significantly attenuates the importance of volatilization (HSDB, 2004).
- The aquatic hydrolysis of chlordane is not considered significant (Howard, 1991).
- The half-life of chlordane in surface water ranges from a low of 283D to a high of 3.8Y (Howard, 1991).
GROUND WATER
- Chlordane is not expected to leach to underground aquifers, due to its insolubility in water (EPA, 1988).
- Chlordane was detected in various groundwater resources in New Jersey, indicating that leaching can occur (Howard, 1991).
- The half-life of chlordane in groundwater ranges from a low of 566D to a high of 7.6Y (Howard, 1991).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- The half-life of chlordane in soil is approximately 1 year (Hartley & Kidd, 1990).
- Chlordane may persist in soil for more than 20 years. It appears that volatilization is the only major removal mechanism for chlordane in soil (ATSDR, 1994).
- Batch solubility tests showed chlordane solubility was increased from 32 mcg/L in pure water to over 400 mcg/L in the presence of humic substances. The humic materials were extracted from soil and rocks near a hazardous waste site. Chlordane was shown to bind tightly to solid materials, while column studies showed that humic substances enhanced the mobility of chlordane (Johnsonlogan et al, 1992).
- In general, chlordane will remain for greater than 20 years in some soils; in other soils it will persist for much shorter periods. At subterranean sites treated with chlordane on the University of Missouri-Columbia campus, greater than 70% of the chlordane remained 7 years after the application (ATSDR, 1994).
- Chlordane is relatively persistent in the environment. It is adsorbed to soil solids; plants will absorb it from soils. Residues rarely persist in detectable concentrations for more than 5 years (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
- When sprayed upon soil surfaces (in particular, moist soil), chlordane will volatilize significantly. Volatile losses will be restricted if there is shallow incorporation into the soil (HSDB, 2004).
- Generally, soils containing organic material in small amounts and sandy soils retain chlordane less than those soils that contain more clay or organic matter. The most important factor is soil moisture. Organic vapors are more strongly adsorbed in dry soil, therefore decreasing the volatilization rate. The rate of volatilization is not affected by crop cover (ATSDR, 1994).
- Chlordane is not expected to leach, since it is insoluble in water and should adsorb to the soil surface; thus it should not reach underground aquifers (EPA, 1988). However, its detection in various groundwater resources in New Jersey indicates that leaching can occur (Howard, 1991).
- Chlordane tends to stay in the top 20 cm of most soils; it will stay in this level for more than 20 years in some soils (ATSDR, 1994).
- The soil half-life of chlordane ranges from a low of 283D to a high of 3.8Y (Howard, 1991).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

Chlordane persists in the environment, remaining adsorbed to soil for more than 20 years. Chlordane from surface applications can significantly volatilize. Volatilization is the only removal process for chlordane in soil, other than some plant absorption. Removal by volatilization is affected by chlordane's incorporation into underlying soils, soil type, and soil moisture content. Dry soils adsorb chlordane more strongly. Leaching to groundwater is not expected due to chlordane's adsorptive properties and its relative insolubility. Biodegradation in soil is slow (HSDB, 2004; ATSDR, 1994; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Howard, 1991; EPA, 1988).

Chlordane volatilizes somewhat rapidly from water, but will adsorb to suspended material and sediments. Volatilization may occur more quickly than adsorption. Volatilization is reduced by adsorption and the rate of volatilization will depend on the organic content of suspended material in the water, water turbulence, temperature, and wind. Hydrolysis, oxidation, and direct photolysis are not likely significant (HSDB, 2004; ATSDR, 1994).

Long-range transport of chlordane in the atmosphere occurs. Most atmospheric levels (96%) are in a sorbed state. The vapor phase is removed from the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and photolytic degradation (HSDB , 2001; ATSDR, 1994; Howard, 1991).

BIODEGRADATION

In soil, the degradation rate of chlordane has ranged from 4.05-28.33% per year. The mean half-life has been observed to be 3.3 years (Howard, 1991).

Chlordane has been extensively degraded by lignin-degrading white rot fungi, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (ATSDR, 1994).

At best, chlordane slowly biodegrades in soil. This finding is based on the presence of chlordane residue in soil at least 10 years after the last known application (Howard, 1991).

BIOACCUMULATION

FISH

Chlordane residues have been detected in herring and salmon in Antarctica (Buser et al, 1992).
Various estuarine fish in four coastal states were found to have chlordane concentrations of 118-290 ng/g. These measurements were taken between 1972 and 1976 (Howard, 1991).
In 1978, a study of various species from 22 watersheds near the Great Lakes showed an average concentration of 576 ppb chlordane (Howard, 1991).

BIRDS

The eggs of multiple falcon species were collected from several sites in the United States from 1986 through 1989. The chlordane metabolites, oxychlordane and heptachlor epoxide, were found in every egg sampled. The highest values were found in the East Coast peregrine falcon eggs at a mean concentration of 14,000 mcg/kg; the lowest values were in prairie-falcon eggs at 350 mcg/kg (Jarman et al, 1993).
Samples of brain, adipose tissue and muscle of 50 loons were collected in Ontario from 1979-1980. Chlordane levels ranged from 0.02-0.04 mcg/g (Howard, 1991).
Chlordane residues have been detected in penguins in Antarctica (Buser et al, 1992).

PLANTS

TERRESTRIAL
- Soil treatments of 1.4, 2.8, 5.6, and 11.2 kg/hectare of chlordane were placed on ten vegetable crops. Residues of 0.15 and 0.11 mg/kg of tissue were found in beets and cucumbers grown in soil treated at the 11.2 kg/hectare rate. The remaining crops had chlordane levels between 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg of tissue (HSDB , 2001).

MAMMALS

Chlordane residues have been detected in seals in Antarctica (Buser et al, 1992).
Log biotransfer factors: beef = -2.13; milk = -3.43 (Verschueren, 2001)

OTHER

INVERTEBRATES
- In a study examining the accumulation and transport of trans-chlordane during the life-cycle of the midge, Chironomus decorus, during laboratory exposure assay, accumulation of trans-chlordane was correlated with the amount of contaminant in the larval environment. On metamorphosis, an average of 82.6% of the contaminant was retained in the adults and 11.4% was left behind in the shed exuviae. The results suggest that terrestrial predators can be exposed to organic pesticides from aquatic environments (Harkey & Klaine, 1992).
- Close to 70% of chlordane in mayflies studied along with 44% to 52% of their lipids were transferred into their eggs. Lipid pools in the eggs contained several times the chlordane concentration of those in the adult tissue. Chlordane fingerprints in adults and eggs indicated that chlordane components and metabolites were distributed similarly (Standley et al, 1994).

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

Filamentous Green Algae (Oedogonium): 98,000 (bioconcentration factor (BCF) for C14-labelled cis and trans isomers at a ratio of 75:25) (Verschueren, 2001)
Algae (Scenedesmus quadricauda): 6000-15,000 (BCF for cis- and trans-chlordane) -- treatment level 0.1-100 mcg/L water; rapid bioconcentration within initial 24H(Verschueren, 2001)
Vegetation: -1.81 (log BCF) (Verschueren, 2001)
Molluscs (oyster): 7300 (BCF) (Verschueren, 2001)
The BCF in various marine species is 3000 to 12,000 (ATSDR, 1994).
The BCF in bacteria is 200 to 55,900 (ATSDR, 1994).
Chlordane will bioconcentrate in fresh water species. A BCF of 18,500 has been observed in rainbow trout (ATSDR, 1994).
Experimental log BCFs range from 2.60 to 4.58. Most of the values are above 3.5. Based on this, it is expected that bioconcentration would be significant (HSDB, 2004).
BCFs of 11,500 and 8,320 were measured for fish in flowing water and static ecosystem tests (Howard, 1991).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

ECOTOXICITY STUDIES

Birds and rats exposed to 1-5 mg/kg for 7 days showed adverse effects (OHM/TADS , 2001).
Chlordane is harmful to aquatic life in very low concentrations. It has a high potential for food chain concentration (CHRIS , 2001).
Chlordane degrades under natural environmental conditions to photo-isomers, such as photo-cis-chlordane, which are more toxic to certain animals than chlordane and also showed higher bioaccumulation (EPA, 1985).

ECOTOXICITY VALUES: BIRDS

LD50 - (ORAL) BOBWHITE QUAIL: 83 and 421 mg/kg for 8D; 331 ppm for 5D (Hartley & Kidd, 1990)
LC50 - (ORAL) JAPANESE QUAIL: 350 ppm for 5D (HSDB, 2004)
LC50 - (ORAL) MALLARD DUCK: 795 mg/kg for 8D (Hartley & Kidd, 1990)
LC50 - (ORAL) MALLARD DUCK: 858 ppm for 5D (HSDB, 2004)
LD50 - (ORAL) MALLARD, young: 1200 mg/kg (OHM/TADS , 2001)
LC50 - (ORAL) RING-NECKED PHEASANT: 430 ppm for 5D (HSDB, 2004)

ECOTOXICITY VALUES: FISH

LC50 - BLUEGILL SUNFISH: 0.07 mg/L for 96H (Hartley & Kidd, 1990)
LC50 - BROWN TROUT: 11.1 mcg/L for 96 H; water at 12 degrees C (HSDB, 2004)
LC50 - COHO SALMON: 14 mcg/L for 96 H; water at 12 degrees C (HSDB, 2004)
LC50 - CUTTHROAT TROUT: 27 mcg/L for 96 H; water at 12 degrees C (HSDB, 2004)
LC50 - FATHEAD MINNOW: 115 mcg/L for 96 H; water at 17 degrees C (HSDB, 2004)
LC50 - RAINBOW TROUT: 0.09 mg/L for 96H (Hartley & Kidd, 1990)

ECOTOXICITY VALUES: AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES

LC50 - GREEN NEON SHRIMP (Neocaridina denticulata): 127.03 (95% CL: 130.11-122.35) ng/L for 96H. Test conditions: pH = 7.4-7.8, DO >7.3 mg/L, hardness 38-45 mg CaCO3/L. Reported: 100% mortality at 0.3 mcg/L (Huang & Chen, 2004).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

409.78

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Chlordane is odorless and colorless (AAR, 2000).

Chlordane is a viscous, amber-colored liquid (Budavari, 2000).

Chlordane's color has also been described as pale yellow, brown (technical grade), and white (as a solid) (EPA, 1988; Sittig, 1991).

Physical state at 15 degrees C and 1 atm: Liquid (CHRIS , 2001)

Technical grades include a variety of dusts, powders, and solutions in kerosene containing 2 to 80% chlordane (CHRIS , 2001).

Chlordane is an odorless, viscous, pale yellow liquid (ACGIH, 1996).

VAPOR PRESSURE

9.75 x 10(-6) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2001)

2.2 x 10(-5) mmHg (supercooled cis-chlordane liquid) (ATSDR, 1994)

3.0 x 10(-6) mmHg (crystal cis-chlordane) (ATSDR, 1994)

2.9 x 10(-5) mmHg (supercooled trans-chlordane liquid) (ATSDR, 1994)

3.9 x 10(-6) mmHg (crystal trans-chlordane) (ATSDR, 1994)

1 x 10(-5) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (EPA, 1985)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

1.56-1.57 (at 25/O degrees C) (EPA, 1985)

DENSITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

1.59-1.63 g/mL (at 25 degrees C) (Budavari, 2000)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

107.0 - 108.8 degrees (cis-isomer) (HSDB , 2001)
103.0 - 105.0 degrees C (trans-isomer) (HSDB , 2001)
106 - 107 degrees C (cis-isomer) (Hartley & Kidd, 1990)
104 - 105 degrees C (trans-isomer) (Hartley & Kidd, 1990)

BOILING POINT

175 degrees C (at 2 mmHg) (HSDB , 2001)

175 degrees C (at 1 mmHg) (Hartley & Kidd, 1990)

FLASH POINT

225 degrees F (open cup) (solution) (HSDB , 2001)

132 degrees F (closed cup) (solution) (HSDB , 2001)

56 degrees C (open cup) (ATSDR, 1994)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

410 degrees F (kerosene solvent) (CHRIS , 2001)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

0.7% (kerosene solution) (CHRIS , 2001)

UPPER

5% (kerosene solution) (CHRIS , 2001)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Chlordane is insoluble in water (Budavari, 2000; EPA, 1988)
0.056 mg/l (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2001)
0.1 ppm (at 20-30 degrees C) (HSDB , 2001)
ca 9 mcg/l (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2001)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Chlordane is miscible with hydrocarbon solvents (ATSDR, 1994).
Chlordane is miscible with aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, including deodorized kerosene (HSDB , 2001).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = 5.16 (HSDB , 2001)

log Kow=3.32 (est) (HSDB , 2001)

log Kow=5.54 (est) (ATSDR, 1994)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

4.86 x 10(-5) atm m(3)/mole (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2001)

8.31 x 10(-5) atm m(3)/mole (trans-isomer) (at 25 degrees C) (ATSDR, 1994)

4.85 x 10(-5) atm m(3)/mole (ATSDR, 1994)

4.8 x 10(-5) atm m(3)/mole (ATSDR, 1994)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

SURFACE TENSION

25 dynes/cm = 0.025 N/m (at 20 degrees C) (est) (CHRIS , 2001)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.56-1.57 (at 25 degrees C) (Budavari, 2000)

LIQUID WATER INTERFACIAL TENSION

50 dynes/cm = 0.05N/m (at 20 degrees C) (est) (CHRIS , 2001)

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Phosgene Oxime (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009f. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a7e26d&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Selenium Hexafluoride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006f. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ec55&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Silane (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006g. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020d523&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

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CHLORDANE

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents