4,6-DINITRO-O-CRESOL AND SALTS

Dinitro-o-cresol was formerly used as a selective herbicide and an ovicidal insecticide spray for dormant fruit trees (Budavari, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1987; EPA, 1985) ACGIH, 1986; (HSDB , 1993; Sittig, 1985; Anon, 1980). It has also been used as a broadleaf herbicide, acaricide, defoliant, fungicide, blossom thinner, for scab apple control, in the dyestuff industry, and to prevent alternate bearing on fruit trees (OHM/TADS, 1993; (HSDB , 1993; Sittig, 1985; Anon, 1980). It is too phytotoxic to be applied on actively growing plants (Sax & Lewis, 1987) OHM/TADS, 1993). It was formerly used in humans to promote weight loss.
DINOTERB, a closely related compound, was formerly used as a pre-emergence herbicide to control annual weeds in vegetable and cereal fields (HSDB , 1993). As dinoterb acetate, it was also used on grapevines and fruit trees as an insecticide and acaricide (HSDB , 1993). As a rodenticide, it was particularly effective against rats and mice (HSDB , 1993). All US EPA registrations for this agent were suspended in 1986 under emergency action to mitigate human exposures (EPA, 1988; (Crawford, 1986) Fikes et al, 1986; (HSDB , 1993).

FORMS

Dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) is an odorless yellowish, prismatic crystalline solid (HSDB , 1993). It is soluble in ethanol, benzene, chloroform, and acetone, and is sparingly soluble in water (HSDB , 1993). In aqueous solution, dinitro-o-cresol is colorless; it turns yellow when alkaline (OHM/TADS, 1993).
The sodium salt of dinitro-o-cresol is a reddish powder (OHM/TADS, 1993). No description of the diethylamine salt was found in available references at the time of this review.
DINITROPHENOLS act by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation at the cellular level, leading to increased oxygen uptake and diversion of available energy into production of heat, resulting in an increase in body temperature (EPA, 1988; (Fikes et al, 1989; Finkel, 1983; Morgan, 1989).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Dinitro-o-cresol was formerly used as a selective herbicide and insecticide, and is a cumulative poison. Its toxicity is similar to that seen with dinitrophenol, but it is more potent.

Systemic poisoning symptoms can include nausea; vomiting; headache; restlessness; a sensation of heat; flushed skin; fever; diaphoresis; yellow pigmentation of the skin, sclera, and hair; hyperpnea with shortness of breath; cyanosis; tachycardia; convulsions; and coma.
Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity may occur. Following inhalation exposure, coughing, fever, tachycardia, and shortness of breath are most common. Fatalities are usually due to hyperthermia. Local necrosis and systemic absorption may occur following dermal contact. Eye irritation may occur. Toxic psychosis be seen.

Chronic exposure may result in fatigue, anxiety, restlessness, diaphoresis, fever, tachycardia, shortness of breath, cough, and excessive thirst. Nail damage and painless paronychiae have occurred in individuals who chronically handled this material. Chronic ingestion of dinitro-o-cresol as an ill-advised weight loss agent in the past has caused cataracts in humans; occupational exposure has not been reported to cause cataracts.

Workers exposed to a dinitro-o-cresol concentration of 4.7 mg/m(3) developed symptoms of fever, elevated basal metabolic rate, tachycardia, tachypnea, diaphoresis, shortness of breath, and cough. The symptoms cleared when the airborne concentration was decreased to 2.5 mg/m(3).
The risk of significant poisoning is increased when exposure occurs during hot weather. The clinical presentation may mimic thyroid storm. Hyperthermia, hyperpnea, and coma are commonly seen in fatalities due to occupational exposure. Pulmonary edema may be found at autopsy. Yellow skin and appendage staining is most common with dermal contact.

Liver and kidney injury and moderate methemoglobinemia were noted in sheep chronically fed 70 mg/kg. Symptoms noted before death in chronically exposed cats were sluggishness, loss of muscle tone, dyspnea, decreased hemoglobin and RBC counts, elevated WBC counts, and increased blood glucose.

The mechanism of acute toxicity is uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by prevention of the conversion of ADP to ATP, resulting in cellular biochemical changes that lead to increased oxygen uptake, increased permeability of mitochondrial membranes to hydrogen ions, and diverting of energy available from metabolism into heat production which raises body temperature.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Based on its acute oral LD50 of 7 mg/kg in rats and 21 mg/kg in mice (RTECS, 1997), dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) is a HIGHLY TOXIC substance. Its toxicity is similar to that of dinitrophenol, but it is more potent (Budavari, 1989). It can be systemically absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, and through intact skin (EPA, 1985; Sax & Lewis, 1989; Proctor et al, 1988; Sittig, 1985; Noort, 1962).

Systemic absorption may occur following dermal contact, and DNOC can stain the skin and appendages yellow (Budavari, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1987; Baselt & Cravey, 1989; Morgan, 1989). Eye contact with or systemic absorption of DNOC results in a characteristic yellow staining of the sclera and conjunctiva (Dodds & Robertson, 1933; Pollard & Filbee, 1951). While the dermal and scleral staining may be unsightly, these cosmetic changes are not regarded as significant adverse effects (ATSDR, 1995). The hands of workers involved in filling aircraft tanks and cleaning spray booms used to spray a 10 percent DNOC solution and those of 6 additional DNOC-exposed agricultural and industrial workers had a generalized yellowing of the skin (ATSDR, 1995). Both dermal and inhalation exposure were possible in these latter cases.

Following inhalation exposure, coughing, fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, and shortness of breath are most common (EPA, 1985). DNOC may act as a respiratory stimulant. Fatalities are usually due to hyperthermia (Proctor et al, 1988; Baselt & Cravey, 1989).

Systemic poisoning symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, headache, restlessness, a sensation of heat, flushed skin, fever, diaphoresis, yellow pigmentation of the skin, sclera, hair, and visceral organs, hyperpnea with shortness of breath, cyanosis, tachycardia, convulsions, and coma (EPA, 1985) ACGIH, 1986; (Baselt & Cravey, 1989; Morgan, 1989; Sittig, 1985; Birdstrup & Payne, 1951).

The clinical presentation may mimic thyroid storm (Proctor et al, 1988). Hyperthermia, hyperpnea, and coma are commonly seen in fatalities due to occupational exposure (Baselt & Cravey, 1989). Pulmonary edema may be found at autopsy (Baselt & Cravey, 1989).

Nausea and vomiting may follow ingestion (Birdstrup & Payne, 1951). Hemorrhagic gastritis and gastrointestinal tract erosions have been found in workers who dies following DNOC ingestion and in one child who dies following dermal application of 12.5 grams of DNOC ointment to a skin rash (Birdstrup & Payne, 1951).

Respiratory distress, pulmonary edema, coma, and convulsions may be seen as terminal events following accidental DNOC ingestion (Birdstrup & Payne, 1951; Steer, 1951; van Noort, 1960).

One spray operator who inhaled a dense DNOC mist for an unspecified period of time (apparent acute exposure) became comatose and expired (ATSDR, 1995). One of 3 cats died after inhalation exposure to a DNOC aerosol at an airborne concentration of 40 mg/m(3) for 4 hours; at a concentration of 100 mg/m(3), 2 of 6 cats died following a 4 hour exposure (ATSDR, 1995).

DINITROPHENOL - poisoning can have psychological manifestations. Headache, lassitude, confusion, apprehension, and manic behavior may be seen in acute poisoning (Morgan, 1989).

DINITROPHENOL - poisoning may initially be confused clinically with organophosphate or carbamate poisoning (Finkel, 1983). Elevated fever with profuse sweating is almost always found in acute overexposure (Birdstrup & Payne, 1951; MacBryde & Taussig, 1935). The face may be flushed (EPA, 1985; Fikes et al, 1989; Smith, 1981). Hyperthermia may be fatal (Finkel, 1983).

Signs and symptoms of systemic DINITROPHENOL poisoning may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, marked thirst, fatigue, lethargy, diaphoresis, facial flushing, tachycardia, hyperthermia, respiratory distress, cyanosis, anorexia, restlessness, anxiety, muscular weakness and cramping, excitement, convulsions, coma, and death (EPA, 1985; Fikes et al, 1989; Smith, 1981; Morgan, 1989). The stool or urine may be a bright yellow color (Smith, 1981). Some degree of renal and hepatic injury may occur (Smith, 1981; Morgan, 1989).

Other effects seen in acute DINITROPHENOL poisoning are elevated respiratory rate, chest pain, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, reduced respiratory function, personality changes, lethargy, lassitude, confusion, apprehension, and manic behavior (Morgan, 1989; HSDB , 1993; Smith, 1981).

Rapid weight loss can also occur: loss of 10 kg in one week has been described following acute dermal and inhalational dinoseb exposure (Smith, 1981). DINOSEB has been used as a weight loss treatment, but is dangerous and not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for this purpose.

METHEMOGLOBINEMIA - has followed administration of dinitro-o-cresol compounds in ruminants (Froslie & Karlog, 1970; Froslie, 1973; Hayes, 1982). This effect has not been reported in exposed humans. Dinitro-o-cresol compounds have also produced glucose intolerance (MacBryde & Taussig, 1935).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Dinitro-o-cresol is a CUMULATIVE POISON (Budavari, 1989). Chronic exposure may result in fatigue, anxiety, restlessness, diaphoresis, fever, tachycardia, shortness of breath, cough, and excessive thirst (EPA, 1985) ACGIH, 1986).

Inhalation exposure may cause headaches, lethargy, and depression (Pollard & Filbee, 1951; Dodds & Robertson, 1933; Plotz, 1936; Ibrahim et al, 1934). Peripheral neuropathy has occurred in rare cases of chronic dermal exposure (Stott, 1956).

DNOC - can cause dyspnea and increased respiratory rate following either inhalation or dermal occupational exposure (Pollard & Filbee, 1951; Steer, 1951; van Noort, 1960).

Tachycardia has been observed in forestry workers exposed to DNOC and in patients chronically taking DNOC for weight reduction (Steer, 1951; Birdstrup & Payne, 1951; Plotz, 1936; Quick, 1937). Tachycardia was associated with oral DNOC doses of 0.75 to 1.0 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks to more than 6 months, but was not seen in healthy volunteers at doses of 0.92 to 3.0 mg/kg/day for 4 to 7 days (Plotz, 1936; Quick, 1937).

Weight loss has occurred in individuals chronically exposed to dinitro-o-cresols (Morgan, 1989). Weight loss was not consistently noted in humans who acutely ingested DNOC (Harvey et al, 1951), but became significant following subchronic (Ibrahim et al, 1934; Plotz, 1936) or chronic ingestion (Quick, 1937).

A maculopapular or urticarial rash has rarely occurred in patients taking DNOC for weight loss (Plotz, 1936), but normal volunteers with dermal exposure did not develop allergic contact dermatitis (Lisi et al, 1987).

Occupational exposure has not been reported to cause cataracts (Grant, 1986; Proctor et al, 1988) which were occasionally found in patients taking DNOC for weight loss and in experimental animals (Quick, 1937; Anon, 1938; Spencer et al, 1948).

Workers exposed to a dinitro-o-cresol airborne concentration of 4.7 mg/m(3) developed symptoms of fever, elevated basal metabolic rate, tachycardia, tachypnea, diaphoresis, shortness of breath, and cough (ACGIH, 1986; (Dodds & Robertson, 1933; Pollard & Filbee, 1951). Symptoms cleared when the airborne concentration was decreased to 2.5 mg/m(3) (ACGIH, 1986).

Increased heart rates and mild hypertension have occurred in humans exposed to DNOC by inhalation, but ECG changes were not reported (Pollard & Filbee, 1951). Elevated serum levels of hepatic enzymes and BUN have been noted in exposed workers (Pollard & Filbee, 1951).

Workers exposed to DINOSEB, a closely related compound, together with HEAT suffered more severe poisoning (Morgan, 1989).

Liver and kidney injury and moderate methemoglobinemia were noted in sheep chronically fed 70 mg/kg (ACGIH, 1986). Liver and kidney effects have also been found in other chronically-exposed experimental animals (Den Tonkelaar et al, 1983). Symptoms noted before death in chronically exposed cats were sluggishness, loss of muscle tone, dyspnea, decreased hemoglobin and RBC counts, elevated WBC counts, and increased blood glucose (ACGIH, 1986).

Decreased growth rates, decreased thyroid hormone levels, and altered thyroid histology have been found in chronically exposed rats (Den Tonkelaar et al, 1983) Van den Berg, 1991). DNOC competitively inhibits T4 binding to its carrier protein (Van den Berg, 1991). DNOC also causes effects in the pituitary, pancreas, and adrenals in chronically-exposed experimental animals (Den Tonkelaar et al, 1983).

In a 90-day DNOC rat feeding study, decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte and white blood cell counts were noted, as well as lymph node, thymic, and splenic atrophy (Den Tonkelaar et al, 1983). Increased leukocyte counts and erythrocyte sedimentation rates were found in rats exposed to DNOC by inhalation (Den Tonkelaar et al, 1983).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

DECONTAMINATION

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Contaminated clothing should be promptly removed, bagged, and not returned until it has been thoroughly laundered (Morgan, 1989).

IRRITATION

Flush chemical from eyes with copious amounts of fresh water; obtain medical attention if irritation persists (Morgan, 1989).

CONTRAINDICATED TREATMENTS

Do not administer atropine, aspirin, or other salicylates to control hyperthermia. These agents appear likely to enhance the toxic effects of phenolic substances (Morgan, 1989).

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
If poisoning has been caused by contamination to body surfaces, bathe and shampoo contaminated skin and hair promptly and thoroughly with soap and water, or water alone if soap is not available (Morgan, 1989).
Contaminated clothing should be promptly removed, bagged, and not returned until it has been thoroughly laundered (Morgan, 1989).
Contaminated leather shoes should be discarded (Morgan, 1989).
Call for immediate medical support.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
Flush chemical from eyes with copious amounts of fresh water; obtain medical attention if irritation persists (Morgan, 1989).

ORAL/PARENTERAL EXPOSURE

Caution may be indicated in substantial recent ingestions because the patient my rapidly become obtunded, comatose, or convulsing, thereby at risk of aspiration of gastric contents into the lungs.
Systemic poisoning must be treated by controlling body temperature, providing oxygen, maintaining hydration, and relieving agitation (Morgan, 1989).
Do not administer atropine, aspirin, or other salicylates to control hyperthermia. These agents appear likely to enhance the toxic effects of phenolic substances (Morgan, 1989).

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ACUTE

Dinitrocresol is an extremely toxic substance and the probable oral lethal dose is 5 to 50 milligrams per kilogram of body weight in humans (between 7 drops and 1 teaspoonful for a 70 kilogram person) (Sittig, 1991).
Published values (RTECS, 1998) -

4,6-DINITRO-o-CRESOL
- LDLo (UNREPORTED) MAN - 29 mg/kg
- LDLo (SKIN) CHILD - 500 mg/kg
- LDLo (IP) RAT - 28 mg/kg
- LDLo (SKIN) GUINEA PIG - 500 mg/kg
- LDLo (IV) DOG - 15 mg/kg
- LDLo (IV) PIGEON - 7 mg/kg
- TCLo (INHL) HUMAN - 1 mg/m(3)
- TDLo (ORAL) MAN - 7500 mcg/kg/7days
4,6-DINITRO-o-CRESOL DIETHYLAMINE SALT (RTECS, 1998)
- LDLo (ORAL) RAT - 50 mg/kg
4,6-DINITRO-o-CRESOL SODIUM SALT (RTECS, 1998)
- LDLo (Subcutaneous) RAT - 20 mg/kg

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

CASE REPORTS

Normal volunteers developed no symptoms following a single oral dose of 75 milligrams of dinitro-o-cresol; when this same dose was taken for 5 or more days, symptoms of malaise, headache, and lassitude developed, and were associated with average blood levels of 20 parts per million (peak levels of 40 and 48 parts per million) (ACGIH, 1991).
A worker exposed to a Dinitro-o-cresol concentration of 4.7 milligrams per cubic meter developed symptoms of fever, elevated basal metabolic rate, tachycardia, diaphoresis, shortness of breath, and cough; the symptoms cleared when the airborne concentration was decreased to 2.5 milligrams per cubic meter (ACGIH, 1991).
Serious intoxication in exposed workers has been associated with blood levels of 44 to 60 milligrams/Liter, and a blood level of 75 milligrams/Liter was found in a fatal case (Baselt & Cravey, 1995).
Toxic effects will most likely be seen in individuals with blood levels greater than 40 micrograms per gram (milligrams/Liter); those with blood levels between 20 and 40 micrograms per gram (milligrams/Liter) may or may not be symptomatic; and those with blood levels less than 20 micrograms per gram (milligrams/Liter) are unlikely to be symptomatic (Hathaway et al, 1996).
A 4-year-old child died following dermal exposure to 50 grams of a 25% dinitro-o-cresol containing ointment. Ingestion of 50 and 140 grams of dinitro-o-cresol has been fatal in humans (Hathaway et al, 1993).

CONCENTRATION LEVEL

A non-fatal case of intoxication occurred from an air concentration of 4.7 mg/m(3). Symptoms included fever, basal metabolic rate of 400, rapid pulse and respiration, profuse sweating, shortness of breath, and cough. Reduction of the concentration to 2.5 mg/m(3) eliminated the difficulty (ACGIH, 1991).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS534-52-1 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Dinitro-o-cresol
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Dinitro-o-cresol
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS534-52-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: (RTECS, 1998)
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:
References: (RTECS, 1998)
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
References: Lewis, 1996 RTECS, 1998)
- LD50- (ORAL)CAT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS534-52-1 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Dinitro-o-cresol

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 0.2 mg/m(3)
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Skin
Definitions:

Skin: This refers to the potential significant contribution to the overall exposure by the cutaneous route, including mucous membranes and the eyes, either by contact with vapors or, of likely greater significance, by direct skin contact with the substance. It should be noted that although some materials are capable of causing irritation, dermatitis, and sensitization in workers, these properties are not considered relevant when assigning a skin notation. Rather, data from acute dermal studies and repeated dose dermal studies in animals or humans, along with the ability of the chemical to be absorbed, are integrated in the decision-making toward assignment of the skin designation. Use of the skin designation provides an alert that air sampling would not be sufficient by itself in quantifying exposure from the substance and that measures to prevent significant cutaneous absorption may be warranted. Please see "Definitions and Notations" (in TLV booklet) for full definition.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Basal metab
Molecular Weight: 198.13

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS534-52-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS534-52-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Dinitro-o-cresol
REL:

TWA: 0.2 mg/m(3)
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: [skin]

Indicates the potential for dermal absorption; skin exposure should be prevented as necessary through the use of good work practices and gloves, coveralls, goggles, and other appropriate equipment.

Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 5 mg/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS534-52-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Dinitro-o-cresol
Table Z-1 for Dinitro-o-cresol:

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 0.2

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: Yes
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS534-52-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS534-52-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Phenol, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitro-, & salts
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

10 (4.54)

Additional Information:
Listed as: 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol, and salts
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

10 (4.54)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS534-52-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS534-52-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol, & salts
P or U series number: P047
Footnote:
Listed as: Phenol, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitro-, & salts
P or U series number: P047
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS534-52-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Dinitrocresol
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 10

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

10/10,000
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS534-52-1 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS534-52-1 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS534-52-1 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Phenol, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitro-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1598 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Dinitro-o-cresol

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1598
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: IB8, IP2, IP4, T3, TP33

IB8: Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, 21H2, 31H1 and 31H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, 21HZ2, 31HZ1 and 31HZ2); Fiberboard (11G); Wooden (11C, 11D and 11F); Flexible (13H1, 13H2, 13H3, 13H4, 13H5, 13L1, 13L2, 13L3, 13L4, 13M1 or 13M2).
IP2: When IBCs other than metal or rigid plastics IBCs are used, they must be offered for transportation in a closed freight container or a closed transport vehicle.
IP4: Flexible, fiberboard or wooden IBCs must be sift-proof and water-resistant or be fitted with a sift-proof and water-resistant liner.
T3: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(2).
TP33: The portable tank instruction assigned for this substance applies for granular and powdered solids and for solids which are filled and discharged at temperatures above their melting point which are cooled and transported as a solid mass. Solid substances transported or offered for transport above their melting point are authorized for transportation in portable tanks conforming to the provisions of portable tank instruction T4 for solid substances of packing group III or T7 for solid substances of packing group II, unless a tank with more stringent requirements for minimum shell thickness, maximum allowable working pressure, pressure-relief devices or bottom outlets are assigned in which case the more stringent tank instruction and special provisions shall apply. Filling limits must be in accordance with portable tank special provision TP3. Solids meeting the defnintion of an elevated temperature material must be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 153
Non-bulk packaging: 212
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 25 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 100 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1598 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Dinitro-o-cresol, solid
UN Number: 1598
Proper Shipping Name: Dinitro-o-cresol, solution
UN Number: 1598

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS534-52-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection. fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Carefully protect the skin and respiratory tract against contact (Hartley & Kidd, 1987).

Keep out of reach of children and away for food and feedstuffs (Hartley & Kidd, 1987).

Do not handle broken packages without protective equipment (HSDB , 1990).

Protective Clothing with hand protection, foot and leg protection and rubber aprons are needed (HSDB , 1990).

Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this material (HSDB , 1990).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 534-52-1.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

CPF 4

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid, saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid, saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.013
Notes: liquid, saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.013
Notes: liquid, saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.013
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.013
Notes: saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.013
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.013
Notes: liquid, saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.013
Notes: liquid, saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
- When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
- Substance may be transported in a molten form.
Irritating and toxic oxides of nitrogen may be released if 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol is heated to decomposition temperature (Sax & Lewis, 1989).
The disaster hazard of Dinitro-o-cresol is rated as dangerous. This is due to the fire and explosion hazard and the toxic fumes produced when the chemical is thermally decomposed (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS534-52-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS534-52-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Irritating and toxic oxides of nitrogen may be released if 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol is heated to decomposition temperature (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

4,6-DINITRO-o-CRESOL is explosive and is usually moistened with up to 10 percent water to reduce the hazard (EPA, 1985).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Irritating and toxic oxides of nitrogen may be released if 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol is heated to decomposition temperature (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Reacts with basic water solutions to form salts (Hartley & Kidd, 1983).

Corrosive to metals (Hartley & Kidd, 1987).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate enclosed areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS534-52-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS534-52-1 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Dinitro-o-cresol, 4,6-
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.2
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 0.2
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 0.5
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 5
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS534-52-1 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS534-52-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 5 mg/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection. fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Spillage of pesticides at any stage of their storage of handling should be treated with great care (HSDB , 1990).
- Liquid formulation may be rendered solid by the addition of a nonvolatile adsorbent (HSDB , 1990).
- Dry sweeping of solids in not advised and may be hazardous; these should be removed by vacuum cleaning, or by dissolving them in water or other solvents (HSDB , 1990).
- This chemical is a potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration (EPA, 1985; HSDB , 1990).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Land Spill:
- Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material (HSDB , 1990).
- Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete (HSDB , 1990).
- Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder (HSDB , 1990).
Water Spill:
- Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill motion (HSDB , 1990).
- Use surface active agent (e.g., detergents, soaps, alcohols) to compress and thicken spilled material (HSDB , 1990).
- Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses or pollutants and precipitates (HSDB , 1990).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Keep residues out of waters carrying fish (Hartley & Kidd, 1987).

It has been suggested that Dinitro-o-cresol may not bioaccumulate because of its marked toxicity (OHM/TADS , 1990).

Based on a functional group estimation method, the Henry's Law constant for 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol is estimated to be 4.8 X 10(-11) atmospheres cubic meters per mole at 25 degrees C. This value of Henry's Law Constant indicates that the chemical in nonvolatile from water (OHM/TADS , 1990).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- TERRESTRIAL FATE
- AQUEOUS FATE
- ATMOSPHERIC FATE
- Half-life in man is 5.78 days (OHM/TADS , 1990).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

EPA WATER QUALITY CRITERIA set the allowable level of 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol at 0.001 part per million to protect against fish tainting (OHM/TADS , 1990).

EPA MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY in water is 0.5 parts per million for ecology purposes (OHM/TADS , 1990).

IMMEDIATE DANGER TO LIFE or DEATH

5 milligrams per cubic meter (NIOSH , 1990)

FRESHWATER TOXICITY

1. LC50 P. CALIFORINICA 0.0003 ppm/96h
2. LD50 CLOEON DIPTERUM NYMPH 7.6 ppm/3h
3. LD50 CLOEON DIPTERUM NYMPH 7.3 ppm/6h
4. LD50 CLOEON DIPTERUM NYMPH 5.3 ppm/24h
5. LD50 CLOEON DIPTERUM NYMPH 4.2 ppm/48h
6. LC50 FATHEAD MINNOW 2.04 ppm/96h
7. LC50 DAPHNIA MAGNA 4.3 ppm/24h
8. LC50 DAPHNIA 3.12 ppm/48h
9. LC50 DAPHNIA MAGNA 3.1 ppm/49h
10. LC50 BLUEGILL 0.23 ppm/96h
11. LC50 RAINBOW TROUT 0.21 ppm/48h

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

198.14 (Budavari, 1996)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

This compound is an odorless, yellow, crystalline solid (HSDB, 1998; (Hathaway et al, 1996).

VAPOR PRESSURE

5x10(-5) mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1986)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

87.5 degrees C; 190 degrees F (EPA, 1985; Sax & Lewis, 1989)

BOILING POINT

312 degrees C; 594 degrees F (EPA, 1985)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Slightly soluble in water (Lewis, 1993).
0.013% in water (at 15 degrees) (HSDB, 1998)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Readily soluble in ether (HSDB, 1998):

0.5% in petroleum ether
43% in ethanol
23.5% in glacial acetic acid
37% in benzene and chloroform
100% in acetone

OTHER

Soluble in basic solution suggesting an acidic functionality in the molecule (Hartley & Kidd, 1987).

HENRY'S CONSTANT

1.4x10(-6) atm-m(3)/mol (Ehrenfeld et al, 1986)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

DISSOCIATION CONSTANT

pKa = 4.4 (HSDB, 1998)

HEAT OF COMBUSTION

-3920 cal/g (HSDB, 1998)

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