4,4-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE)

bis AMINE
bis-AMINE A
bis(4-AMINO-3-CHLOROPHENYL)METHANE
ANILINE, 4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLORO- BENZENAMINE), 4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLORO- BISAMINE) S
bis(3-CHLORO-4-AMINOPHENYL)METHANE
CL-MDA
CUAMINE M
CUAMINE MT
CURALIN M
CURENE
CURENE 442
CYANASET
DACPM
DIAMET KH -
DI(-4-AMINO-3-CHLOROPHENYL)METHANE
4,4'-DIAMINO-3,3'-DICHLORODIPHENYLMETHANE
DI-(4-AMINO-3-CLOROFENIL)METANO (Italian)
DI-(4-AMINO-3-CHLOROPHENYL)METHANE
3,3'-DICHLOR-4,4'-DIAMINODIPHENYLMETHAN (German)
3,3'-DICLORO-4,4'-DIAMINODIFENILMETANO (Italian)
3,3'-DICHLORO-4,4'-DIAMINODIPHENYLMETHANE
LD 813
MBOCA
4,4'-METHYLENE bis(2-CHLOROANILINE)
METHYLENE 4,4'-bis(o-CHLOROANILINE)
METHYLENE bis(ortho-CHLOROANILINE)
METHYLENEBIS(CHLOROANILINE)
4,4'-METHYLENE(bis)-CHLOROANILINE
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE)
p,p'-METHYLENEBIS(alpha-CHLOROANILINE)
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(o-CHLOROANILINE)
METHYLENE-bis-ORTHOCHLOROANILINE
METHYLENEBIS(o-CHLOROANILINE)
METHYLENEBIS(ortho-CHLOROANILINE)
p,p'-METHYLENEBIS(ortho-CHLOROANILINE)
METHYLENEBIS(3-CHLORO-4-AMINOBENZENE)
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS-2-CHLOROBENZENAMINE
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROBENZENAMINE)
4,4-METILENE-bis-o-CLOROANILINA (Italian)
MILLIONATE M
MOCA
QUODOROLE
BISAMINE S
CURALINE M

IDENTIFIERS

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER

101-14-4(4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline))

NIOSH/RTECS NUMBER

CY1050000

UN/NA NUMBER

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

DESIGNATIONS

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NUMBER:1-13-00-00074 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C13-H12-Cl2-N2 CH2(C6H4ClNH2)2

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

152-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(Budavari, 2000; Hathaway et al, 1996a; HSDB, 2002; RTECS, 2002; Sittig, 1991a)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline), or MBOCA, is primarily used in the production of solid elastomeric parts. It is used as a curing agent for polyurethanes, isocyanate-containing polymers, and epoxy resin bonding systems. MBOCA is also employed in the manufacture of crosslinked urethane foams used in automobile seats and safety padded dashboards. Its purpose is to influence hardness, flexibility, and impact strength. Materials developed from MBOCA applications are used in the manufacture of specialized products, such as rigid plastic car mouldings; polyurethane foam used as crash padding; castable polyurethane elastomers, such as tires, gaskets, belts, and rollers; and solid urethane rubber molding used in gear blanks and industrial tires (ACGIH, 2001a; Baselt, 1997; Baxter et al, 2000; Sittig, 1991a; Verschueren, 2001; Zenz, 1994a).
MBOCA-cured polyurethanes have many commercial and military uses. They have been used in the manufacture of shoe soles; rolls and belt drives in cameras, computers, and copiers; wheels and pulleys for elevators and escalators; rolls for postage stamp machines; and cutting bars in plywood manufacturing. Military applications include ball seals on nuclear submarines, positioning strips in Poseidon missiles, and encapsulation of electrical components (ATSDR, 1994).
MBOCA is also used in the manufacture of gun mounts, jet engine turbine blades, radar systems, components of home appliances, and as a wiring patting and curing agent. It is also used as a model compound in the study of carcinogenesis (Bingham et al, 2001).

FORMS

MBOCA is an aromatic amino compound and a chlorinated hydrocarbon that is structurally related to hexachlorophene. The pure form of MBOCA is a colorless crystalline solid. It is described as tan or yellow to light grey-tan colored pellets or flakes or as a colorless or light brown crystalline solid. It may have a faint amine-like odor. Commercially available forms of MBOCA have been in pellet, liquid, and granular form and as a pre-mixed compound with polyhydric alcohols. MBOCA is used occupationally in the pure powder or liquid form. It is melted before mixing into elastomer formulation when used as a curing agent, and may become volatile in this process (ACGIH, 2001a; ATSDR, 1994; Baxter et al, 2000; Bingham et al, 2001; HSDB, 2002; Lewis, 1998; NTP , 2002; Sittig, 1991a; Verschueren, 2001; Zenz, 1994a).
The diamine purity is 99.8%, typically with 0.2% free o-chloroaniline (monomer). Isomers, such as trimers and tetrameres (diamines with three- and four-ring structures joined by methylene groups), are produced as side reactions and may constitute up to 8-10% of MBOCA. The dimer makes up approximately 90-92% of MBOCA produced for coatings and cast polyurethanes. There is no commercial use for pure dimer MBOCA, other than laboratory uses (ATSDR, 1994).
Commercial preparations of MBOCA will also often contain 2-chloroaniline and a compound comprised of three 2-chloroaniline moieties joined by methylene groups. In addition, MBOCA may contain some 2-chloro-4-methylaniline from the manufacturing process. No information is available on the purity of the commercial pellet form of MBOCA (HSDB, 2002; Verschueren, 2001).

SOURCES

MBOCA is a man-made chemical and has not been reported to occur in nature. It is produced by carbonyl condensation of ortho-chloroaniline and formaldehyde. The technical grade available in the U.S. today is primarily from Japan. Two U.S. facilities were reported to produce MBOCA for commercial sale in 1992 (Ashford, 1994a; ATSDR, 1994; HSDB, 2002; (IARC, 1997)).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

4,4-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MBOCA) is considered a poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes of exposure. It is primarily absorbed through the skin and also can be absorbed via the respiratory tract. Acute exposure to high levels of MBOCA may cause eye and skin irritation in humans. MBOCA exhibits the general toxicity characteristics of the aromatic amines, such as cyanosis and methemoglobinemia. Hematuria and proteinuria have been reported.

MBOCA is considered a probable human carcinogen (Group 2A) by the IARC. It is suspected of causing bladder cancer in humans based on the behavior of structurally-similar compounds. It has a chemical structure similar to that of a known bladder carcinogen, benzidine.

MBOCA is comprehensively genotoxic. Mutagenicity studies have shown that MBOCA or its metabolites cause genetic damage in a variety of organisms.

It is known to be a mild skin irritant and caused conjunctival irritation in rabbits. There was no evidence of allergic contact dermatitis in guinea pigs. In experimental animals, clinical signs associated with acute MBOCA poisoning include inactivity, prostration, pallor, cyanosis,hypothermia, hematuria, and weight loss. Adverse hematologic effects and hepatotoxicity have been observed in dogs and rats.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

EMESIS

Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation and CNS depression, DO NO induce emesis.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

CHARCOAL DOSE

Use a minimum of 240 milliliters of water per 30 grams charcoal (FDA, 1985). Optimum dose not established; usual dose is 25 to 100 grams in adults and adolescents; 25 to 50 grams in children aged 1 to 12 years (or 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram body weight) ; and 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram in infants up to 1 year old (Chyka et al, 2005).

Routine use of a cathartic with activated charcoal is NOT recommended as there is no evidence that cathartics reduce drug absorption and cathartics are known to cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances and occasionally hypotension (None Listed, 2004).

ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS

Complications: emesis, aspiration (Chyka et al, 2005). Aspiration may be complicated by acute respiratory failure, ARDS, bronchiolitis obliterans or chronic lung disease (Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002; Pollack et al, 1981; Harris & Filandrinos, 1993; Elliot et al, 1989; Rau et al, 1988; Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002). Refer to the ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/TREATMENT management for further information.
Contraindications: unprotected airway (increases risk/severity of aspiration) , nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tract, uncontrolled vomiting, and ingestion of most hydrocarbons (Chyka et al, 2005).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE -Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles), as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), should be used when working with this chemical. Face shields should only be worn over primary eye protection.

Contact lens use is not recommended when working with this chemical. If contact lenses are worn, then appropriate eye and face protection devices must be used. OSHA emphasizes that dusty and/or chemical environments may represent an additional hazard to contact lens wearers.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -Immediately flush the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.
INHALATION EXPOSURE -Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Liver, blood, and kidneys (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007; Chemsoft(R) , 2000).

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation, DO NOT induce emesis.
DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting.
PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
METHEMOGLOBINEMIA: Determine the methemoglobin concentration and evaluate the patient for clinical effects of methemoglobinemia (ie, dyspnea, headache, fatigue, CNS depression, tachycardia, metabolic acidosis). Treat patients with symptomatic methemoglobinemia with methylene blue (this usually occurs at methemoglobin concentrations above 20% to 30%, but may occur at lower methemoglobin concentrations in patients with anemia, or underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disorders). Administer oxygen while preparing for methylene blue therapy.
METHYLENE BLUE: INITIAL DOSE/ADULT OR CHILD: 1 mg/kg IV over 5 to 30 minutes; a repeat dose of up to 1 mg/kg may be given 1 hour after the first dose if methemoglobin levels remain greater than 30% or if signs and symptoms persist. NOTE: Methylene blue is available as follows: 50 mg/10 mL (5 mg/mL or 0.5% solution) single-dose ampules and 10 mg/1 mL (1% solution) vials. Additional doses may sometimes be required. Improvement is usually noted shortly after administration if diagnosis is correct. Consider other diagnoses or treatment options if no improvement has been observed after several doses. If intravenous access cannot be established, methylene blue may also be given by intraosseous infusion. Methylene blue should not be given by subcutaneous or intrathecal injection. NEONATES: DOSE: 0.3 to 1 mg/kg.
Concomitant use of methylene blue with serotonergic drugs, including serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), triptans, and ergot alkaloids may increase the risk of potentially fatal serotonin syndrome.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.
No studies were located regarding death in humans or animals after inhalation or dermal exposure to MBOCA (ATSDR, 1994).
Studies were not located on increased mortality in humans for MBOCA exposure from the oral route of exposure (ATSDR, 1994).
Decreased lifespan was noted in rats after chronic oral exposure to MBOCA. A standard diet containing 0, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg/day or a protein-deficient diet with 0, 6.25, 12.5, or 25 mg/kg/day MBOCA were fed to male rats for 18 months. Decreased lifespan was observed in the rats fed 25 mg/kg/day in either diet, and rats fed the highest concentration (50 mg/kg/day) in the standard diet also had a shortened lifespan. A Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) for death in rats after chronic exposure of 25 mg/kg/day was set forth by ATSDR (ATSDR, 1994).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.
ATSDR reports a chronic-duration minimum risk level (MRL) of 0.003 mg/kg/day, derived due hepatic effects in dogs and calculated from a LOAEL of 10 mg/kg/day (ATSDR, 1994).
Of 5 beagle dogs surviving 9 years of oral doses of 10 mg/kg/d MBOCA, 3 developed papillary transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder and 1 developed urethral adenocarcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma (Bingham, et al, 2001).
MBOCA has been shown to be a potent, multitarget carcinogen in animals. Dietary administration of MBOCA induced hemangiosarcomas in mice of both sexes, hepatomas in female mice, pulmonary tumors, Zymbal gland caricinomas and mammary adenocarcinomas in rats of both sexes, and hepatocellular carcinomas in male rats (Bingham, et al, 2001).
Rats fed 1000 ppm MBOCA for two years in a standard diet developed lung tumors and accompanying liver changes. MBOCA fed to mice of both sexes for 18 months at a dose of 1 or 2 g/kg led to a statistically significant incidence of hepatoma in female mice (Hathaway et al, 1996).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS101-14-4 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A2 ; Listed as: 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) [MBOCA; MOCA(R)]

A2 :Suspected Human Carcinogen: Human data are accepted as adequate in quality but are conflicting or insufficient to classify the agent as a confirmed human carcinogen; OR, the agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at dose(s), by route(s) of exposure, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) considered relevant to worker exposure. The A2 is used primarily when there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals with relevance to humans.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 1 ; Listed as: 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA)

1 : The agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are carcinogenic to humans. This category is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Exceptionally, an agent (mixture) may be placed in this category when evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is less than sufficient but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence in exposed humans that the agent (mixture) acts through a relevant mechanism of carcinogenicity.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Ca ; Listed as: 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)

Ca : NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).

MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 2 ; Listed as: 4,4'-Methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline)

Category 2 : Substances that are considered to be carcinogenic for man because sufficient data from long-term animal studies or limited evidence from animal studies substantiated by evidence from epidemiological studies indicate that they can make a significant contribution to cancer risk. Limited data from animal studies can be supported by evidence that the substance causes cancer by a mode of action that is relevant to man and by results of in vitro tests and short-term animal studies.

NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): R ; Listed as: 4,4-Methylenebis(2-chloraniline) (MBOCA)

R : RAHC = Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS101-14-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 2002
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:
- TD- (ORAL)RAT:
- TDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RAT:
- TDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

Conversion factors at 25 degrees C and 760 torr (ACGIH, 2001):
1 ppm = 10.92 mg/m(3)
1 mg/m(3) = 0.09 ppm

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS101-14-4 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) [MBOCA; MOCA(R)]

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 0.01 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A2
Codes: BEI, Skin
Definitions:

A2: Suspected Human Carcinogen: Human data are accepted as adequate in quality but are conflicting or insufficient to classify the agent as a confirmed human carcinogen; OR, the agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at dose(s), by route(s) of exposure, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) considered relevant to worker exposure. The A2 is used primarily when there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals with relevance to humans.
BEI: The BEI notation is listed when a BEI is also recommended for the substance listed. Biological monitoring should be instituted for such substances to evaluate the total exposure from all sources, including dermal, ingestion, or non-occupational.
Skin: This refers to the potential significant contribution to the overall exposure by the cutaneous route, including mucous membranes and the eyes, either by contact with vapors or, of likely greater significance, by direct skin contact with the substance. It should be noted that although some materials are capable of causing irritation, dermatitis, and sensitization in workers, these properties are not considered relevant when assigning a skin notation. Rather, data from acute dermal studies and repeated dose dermal studies in animals or humans, along with the ability of the chemical to be absorbed, are integrated in the decision-making toward assignment of the skin designation. Use of the skin designation provides an alert that air sampling would not be sufficient by itself in quantifying exposure from the substance and that measures to prevent significant cutaneous absorption may be warranted. Please see "Definitions and Notations" (in TLV booklet) for full definition.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Bladder cancer; MeHb-emia
Molecular Weight: 267.17

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS101-14-4 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS101-14-4 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
REL:

TWA: 0.003 mg/m(3)
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).
Skin Designation: [skin]

Indicates the potential for dermal absorption; skin exposure should be prevented as necessary through the use of good work practices and gloves, coveralls, goggles, and other appropriate equipment.

Note(s): See Appendix A

IDLH: Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS101-14-4 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS101-14-4 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS101-14-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Benzenamine, 4,4'-methylenebis [2-chloro-
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

10 (4.54)

Additional Information:
Listed as: 4,4[prime]-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

10 (4.54)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS101-14-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS101-14-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: Benzenamine, 4,4[prime]-methylenebis[2-chloro-
P or U series number: U158
Footnote:
Listed as: 4,4[prime]-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
P or U series number: U158
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS101-14-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS101-14-4 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MBOCA)
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS101-14-4 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS101-14-4 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Benzenamine, 4,4'-methylenebis[2-chloro-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS101-14-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Material handling and storage for MBOCA should include consideration of the following (ACGIH, 2001; HSDB , 2002; Lewis, 2000; Sittig, 1991):

Containers should be closed tightly.
Storage should be in a cool and well-ventilated area.
The material is considered a probable human carcinogen.
Proper labeling should be implemented and appropriate postings should be placed in the storage area.
Skin contact should be avoided.
The liquid material is flammable.
It reacts violently with active metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, or zinc.

HANDLING

Skin and eye contact should be avoided by the use of protective clothing, gloves, goggles, a face shield, or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. The material should not be allowed near open flame and contact with active metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, or zinc should be avoided due to fire and reactivity hazards. The area where MBOCA is handled, used, or stored should be properly marked in accordance with applicable regulations (Lewis, 2000; NIOSH , 2001; Sittig, 1991).

HSDB (2002) provides a number of "Precautions for Carcinogens," and recommends:

Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food and beverage containers or utensils, and the application of cosmetics should be prohibited.
All personnel should remove gloves after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should wash hands, preferably using dispensers of liquid detergent, and rinse thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided.
Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting.
Operations associated with synthesis and purification or analytical procedures should be carried out under well-ventilated hood or other engineering controls should be used to remove vapors evolved during procedures. Also, a means for decreasing the rate of air extraction should be considered so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concentrations of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not build up.

STORAGE

CONTAINER

MBOCA should be stored in tightly or well-closed containers. Selection of a storage container should consider reactivity hazards (NIOSH , 2001; Sittig, 1991).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Tightly closed containers should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area that is away from chemically active metals such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, and zinc. Because MBOCA liquid is flammable, an appropriate cabinet for storage should be utilized. Carcinogenic substances, such as MBOCA, should be kept in a particular section of the storage cabinet with appropriate labeling, and doorways into the area should be posted when working with carcinogens. Storage should be as close as practical to the area of use and facilities used for dispensing the chemical should be contiguous with storage. Areas where MBOCA is handled, used, or stored should also be properly marked in accordance with applicable regulations (HSDB , 2002; Sittig, 1991).
HSDB (2002) provides a number of "Precautions for Carcinogens," and recommends: "Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, and contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used. Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used should be tested before work is begun (e.g., with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test and average air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically and after any structural changes."

INCOMPATIBILITIES

MBOCA is incompatible and reactive with active metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, or zinc and will react violently upon contact (Lewis, 2000; NIOSH , 2002; Sittig, 1991).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Skin and eye contact should be avoided by the use of protective clothing, gloves, goggles, a face shield, or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. The area where MBOCA is handled, used, or stored should be properly marked in accordance with applicable regulations. Facilities for quick drenching the body should be provided in the immediate work area for emergency use (Lewis, 2000; NIOSH , 2002; NIOSH , 2001; Sittig, 1991).

HSDB (2002) provides precautions for handling carcinogens: In an animal laboratory, personnel should wear protective suits, gloves, hair covering and overshoes. In a chemical laboratory, gloves and gowns should always be worn. However, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with gases, and disposable plastic aprons might provide additional protection.

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Eyes should be protected by goggles, a face shield, or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. A quick drench eyewash station should be available nearby (HSDB , 2002; NIOSH , 2002; Sittig, 1991).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 101-14-4.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: saturated solution in methanol
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Plastic Laminate

North -- Safety 4H

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): not provided
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
North -- Safety 4H 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.safety4.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

Operations associated with synthesis and purification or analytical procedures should be carried out under well-ventilated hood or other engineering controls should be used to remove vapors evolved during procedures. Also, a means for decreasing the rate of air extraction should be considered so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concentrations of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not build up (HSDB , 2002).

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)
- Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
- Substance may be transported in a molten form.
MBOCA is a combustible substance. The liquid form is flammable. It should be kept away from open flame. MBOCA will decompose on heating above 200 degrees C or on burning and will emit irritating, toxic, and corrosive fumes in a fire, including hydrogen chloride and nitrogen oxides (Lewis, 2000; NIOSH , 2001).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS101-14-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS101-14-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or foam extinguishers can be used for fire extinguishing (Sittig, 1991).

All extinguishing agents are allowed in case of a fire in the surroundings of the chemical (NIOSH , 2001).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition or on burning, MBOCA will emit very toxic fumes of chlorine, such as hydrogen chloride, and nitrogen oxides (Lewis, 2000; NIOSH , 2001).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

MBOCA decomposes on heating above 200 degrees C or on burning, releasing toxic and corrosive fumes, including hydrogen chloride and nirogen oxides (Lewis, 2000).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

The material is reactive with active metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, or zinc (ACGIH, 2001).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

Persons not wearing protective equipment should be restricted from area of spill (Sittig, 1991).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS101-14-4 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS101-14-4 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline), 4,4'- (MBOCA)
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 0.01
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 1
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 7.5
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 40
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS101-14-4 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS101-14-4 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Powdered material should be collected in the most convenient and safe manner and placed in sealed containers. Spilled material can be dampened with alcohol to avoid the suspension of dust. If spilled in the molten state, let solidify. Surfaces contaminated with MBOCA can be decontaminated using an aqueous solution of 1% by weight sulfamic acid and 0.5% surfactant without flammability hazards. Post-cleanup monitoring may be conducted (HSDB , 2002; NIOSH , 2001; Sittig, 1991).

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

A method for the destruction of carcinogenic amino and nitro compounds, such as MBOCA, has been developed based on the oxidation of these substances with potassium permanganate in a sulfuric acid medium. This method is suitable for laboratory wastes containing small amounts of MBOCA (ATSDR, 1994; HSDB, 2004).
Ozone oxidation has been reported to provide effective treatment for chemical removal from water and wastewater. An initial concentration of 1.52 mg/L was reduced to nondetectable levels within 5 minutes (ATSDR, 1994; HSDB , 2002).
MBOCA is reportedly not susceptible to oxygen stripping as a means of wastewater treatment (ATSDR, 1994).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

BIOREMEDIATION

MBOCA has been shown to undergo biodegradation in continuous flow reactors designed for contaminant removal from water (HSDB , 2002).
Removal percentages between 77 and 100% were reported based on data from a continuous activated sludge biological treatment simulator (Howard et al, 1991).

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

MBOCA has been found to be a good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 degrees C, with residence times of seconds for liquids and gases and hours for solids (HSDB, 2004).
MBOCA has been found to be a good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 degrees C, with residence times of seconds for liquids and gases and longer for solids (HSDB, 2004).
MBOCA's thermal stability ranking of hazardous organic compounds: 211 (on a scale of 1, highest stability, to 320, lowest stability) (Verschueren, 2001).
In evaluating the management of hazardous waste leachate, treatment of water containing MBOCA using activated carbon adsorption has been investigated by the EPA. Activated carbon processes have been shown to provide effective treatment. Between 21 and 35 mg of carbon per liter, depending on the type of carbon, were necessary to decrease MBOCA levels from 1.0 mg/L to 0.1 mg/L. The carbon filters can subsequently be destroyed by rotary kiln or fluidized bed incineration (ATSDR, 1994; HSDB, 2004).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Releases of MBOCA to the environment may occur from wastewater or air emissions that are discharged during its manufacture and use (HSDB, 2004).

MBOCA may be released to the atmosphere through facility exhaust emissions of plants that manufacture it or use it in their processes as a curing agent or for crosslinking urethane foam. Such releases might occur as a result of uncontained, open cycle manufacturing processes and may be in the form of dusts or vapors (ATSDR, 1994; HSDB, 2004).
Significant historical releases have been documented from wastewater discharges of a specialty chemical manufacturing plant that produced MBOCA in the late 1970s. Detectable concentrations were reported in industrial lagoon effluent water, sediment, and seeps, the industrial site's deep well water, in surface runoff from the site, in sewage treatment plant activated sludge, in onsite soils, along public roads near the site, and in offsite residential soils adjacent to the site (ATSDR, 1994).
Non-hazardous solid wastes may become contaminated with MBOCA during manufacturing processes, making these solid wastes hazardous (ATSDR, 1994).

It has been detected at a minimum of 4 of the 1,350 National Priorities List (NPL) hazardous waste sites. The general population is not likely to be exposed to MBOCA unless they live in a contaminated area. Plant workers at facilities that manufacture or use MBOCA are the mostly to be exposed, primarily by direct skin contact and also by inhalation of dusts (ATSDR, 1994; HSDB , 2002).

MBOCA exposure occurs to workers in the plastics industry and in MBOCA manufacturing plants (HSDB , 2002).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

If emitted to the atmosphere, MBOCA can be degraded by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals by addition to the aromatic ring. An estimated half-life of 13 hours in the vapor phase has been reported for this photolytic reaction (HSDB, 2004).
Photooxidation of MBOCA may be a significant environmental fate process. A photooxidation half-life between 0.290 and 2.90 hours has been reported based on reactions with hydroxyl radicals (Howard, 1991; ATSDR, 1994).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- MBOCA is insoluble to slightly soluble in water. In an aquatic environment, it will likely adsorb to sediment and particulate matter, and may form covalent bonds with humic material. It will not be subject to volatilization from water based on its very low vapor pressure of 1 x 10(-5) mmHg at 77 degrees F and estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.06 x 10(-11) atm-m(3)/mole. It is not expected to undergo hydrolysis. Photolysis may occur in surface waters, and photooxidation by alkoxy radicals may be important in eutrophilic waters where alkoxy radical concentrations are high. Biodegradation may occur based upon soil and activated sewage sludge studies, although it may be influenced by adsorption (Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 2000; HSDB, 2004; ILO , 1998).
- The estimated photooxdation half-life of MBOCA in surface water is between 1.3 and 72 days based on scientific judgement and photooxidation constants with -OH and RO2 for the aromatic amine class (Howard et al, 1991a).
- The estimated half-life is 39 to 72 days for photooxidation by alkoxy radicals, assuming an alkoxy radical concentration of 1 x 10(-10) moles/L. However, the rate of this process for the adsorbed chemical is unknown (HSDB, 2004).
GROUND WATER
- Migration to groundwater is not likely because MBOCA will bind very tightly to the soil, and it is not expected to leach. An estimated half-life between 8 weeks and 12 months was reported for MBOCA in groundwater, based on an unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life (Howard et al, 1991a; HSDB , 2002).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- MBOCA will partition to soil rather than water due to its low solubility and its amine groups, which have an affinity for soil organic matter. Aromatic amines are known to form covalent bonds with humic materials, and although no data on this process could be found specific to MBOCA, it may form covalent bonds with humic material in soil. A soil adsorption coefficient (Koc) of 4810 was estimated from the log octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of 3.94, indicating strong adsorption to soil. Because it will bind very tightly to soil, it should not leach to groundwater. Biodegradation may occur, but may be limited by strong soil adsorption. Volatilization from near surface soil is not important based on the very low vapor pressure and the Henry's Law constant of 4.06 x 10(-11) atm-m(3)/mole. Hydrolysis is not expected to occur (ATSDR, 1994; HSDB, 2004).
- The estimated half-life in soil is between 4 weeks and 6 months, based on an unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life (Howard et al, 1991a).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

In an aquatic system, MBOCA will be only slightly soluble, tending more to adsorb to sediment and particulate matter or form covalent bonds with humic material. It strongly adsorbs to soil, based on the soil adsorption coefficient (Koc) and estimated log octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow). Biodegradation in soil is influenced by adsorptive processes. Leaching to groundwater is not expected. The vapor pressure and estimated Henry's Law Constant indicate MBOCA will not volatilize from water or soil. Releases to the atmosphere are degraded by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. Photooxidation may be significant in air and some waters. MBOCA absorbs UV radiation at >290 nm and therefore is a candidate for photolysis. Hydrolysis will not be significant because MBOCA has no hydrolyzable groups(HSDB, 2004; Budavari, 2000; ILO , 1998; Ashford, 1994; ATSDR, 1994; Howard, 1991).

BIODEGRADATION

Biodegradation may occur in soil and water, although adsorption processes can influence this activity. Supporting studies are noted below (HSDB, 2004):

MBOCA was not degraded after 6 weeks in a static system where 2 mg/L of the compound was seeded with sludge and incubated for 7 days, with the process repeated using cultures from the original system. However, the same investigators subjected the MBOCA-containing water to a continuous feed activated sludge reactor and after one week of operation, 96% of the chemical in the water was removed in 24 hours.
Studies in pure cultures showed four major biodegradation products. Two were identified as the N-monoacetyl and N,N'-diacetyl derivatives.
MBOCA was found to biodegrade to 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dichlorobenzophenone in nonsterile soil. The lack of metabolic conversion in sterile soil, as well as the higher extractable concentration present in sterile versus non-sterile soil, indicated that biological degradation was occurring in the soil.

Carbon dioxide production from soil samples treated with MBOCA was less than 1% of the total applied, which suggested resistance of aromatic rings to microbial degradation and oxidation. A metabolite was detected with the methylene carbon oxidized to a carbonyl (ATSDR, 1994).

Microbial degradation was observed using Bacillus megatetium and nocardiopsis species isolated from soil. After 3 hours of incubation, 39% and 24%, respectively, of the original concentration remained, indicating that MBOCA was readily metabolized. Major degradation pathways were as follows (ATSDR, 1994):

Acetylation of MBOCA to N-monacetyl MBOCA and then to N,N'-diacetyl MBOCA.
Hydroxylation of N-monoacetyl MBOCA to N-hydroxy-N-acetyl MBOCA with the final metabolite being N-hydroxy-N,N'-diacetyl MBOCA.

Aqueous biodegradation half-lives (unacclimated) (Howard et al, 1991):

The aerobic half-life is between four weeks and six months using scientific judgement and based on unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation screening test data.
The anaerobic half-life is between 2688 hours and 17280 hours (24 months) using scientific judgement and based on an unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life.

BIOACCUMULATION

FISH

MBOCA residues are chemically-bound to macromolecules of fish tissue (Verschueren, 2001).

PLANTS

TERRESTRIAL
- Partitioning of MBOCA in soil will impact plant uptake. Bioaccumulation of MBOCA is reported to occur in food plants such as carrots, beans, cabbage, beets, sorghum, cucumber, and orchard grass. It has been shown to bind to and penetrate the roots of plants grown in contaminated soil. Translocation within the plant is extremely limited, however, possibly due to the low water solubility of MBOCA (ATSDR, 1994).

MAMMALS

Evidence of any long-term retention was not found in the rat (ACGIH, 2001).

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

BCF = 5.75 (estimated from the log of the octanol/water partition coefficient, Kow, of 3.94. Bioconcentration may occur in aquatic organisms to a moderate extent (HSDB, 2004).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

No information found at the time of this review.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

267.15

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

MBOCA is a colorless or light brown crystalline solid with a faint amine-like odor. The commercial product is generally in the form of tan-colored pellets or flakes, but it has been available commercially in liquid or granular form and as a pre-mixed compound with polyhydric alcohols. It may occur as flakes from alcohol. It is solid at room temperature. It also exists as a pure powder, or as a liquid when melted and used as a curing agent (ACGIH, 2001; Baselt, 1997) Baxter, 2000; Bingham, et al, 2001; (Budavari, 2000; HSDB , 2002) NTP, 2001; (Verschueren, 2001; Zenz, 1994).

MBOCA is a weak base (HSDB , 2002).

VAPOR PRESSURE

1.3 x 10(-3) mmHg (at 60 degrees C) (ILO , 1998)

1 x 10(-5) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (ACGIH, 2001)

1.3 x 10(-5) mmHg (at 60 degrees C) (ACGIH, 2001)

0.00001 mmHg (at 77 degrees F) (NIOSH , 2002)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

1.44 at 4 degrees C (ACGIH, 2001)

DENSITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

1.44 g/cm(3) (ILO , 1998; Lewis, 2001; NIOSH , 2002)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

230 degrees F (NIOSH , 2002)

MELTING POINT

110 degrees C (Budavari, 2000; ILO , 1998; NIOSH , 2002)
100 - 109 degrees C (ACGIH, 2001)
99 - 110 degrees C (Bingham et al, 2001)
99 - 107 degrees C (Lewis, 2001; Sittig, 1991a)
105 degrees C (Ashford, 1994)

BOILING POINT

No information found at the time of this review.

FLASH POINT

No information found at the time of this review.

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

No information found at the time of this review.

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

- No information found at the time of this review.

UPPER

- No information found at the time of this review.

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Insoluble in water (ILO , 1998)
Slightly soluble in water (Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 2000)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Soluble in hot methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, esters, and aromatic hydrocarbons (Lewis, 2001)
At 24 degrees C (ACGIH, 2001):

benzene = very soluble
dimethylformamide = 61.7 g/100 ml
dimethyl sulfoxide = 75 g/100 ml
ethoxyethyl acetate = 34.4 g/100 ml
methyl ethyl ketone = 43.0 g/100 ml
tetrahydrofuran = 55.5 g/100 ml
toluene = 7.5 g/100 ml
trichloroethylene = 4.2 g/100 ml

Soluble in oxygenated solvents (Ashford, 1994)

OTHER

Soluble in dilute acids, ether, and alcohol (ACGIH, 2001; Budavari, 2000)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = 3.94 (estimated) (HSDB , 2002)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

4.06 x 10(-11) atm-cu m/mole (estimated) (HSDB , 2002)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

- No information found at the time of this review.

VISIBLE

- No information found at the time of this review.

MASS

- No information found at the time of this review.

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4,4-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE)

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents