CALCIUM SULFATE

Karstenite
Anhydrite
Muriacite
Anhydrous sulfate of lime
Anhydrous gypsum
CAS 7778-18-9
Calcium sulfate dihydrate
CAS 10101-41-4
C.I. 77231
Precipitated calcium sulfate
Native calcium sulfate
Gypsum stone
Alabaster
Selenite
Terra Alba
Satinite
Mineral white
Satin spar
Light spar
Gypsum
Annaline
Calcium(II) Sulfate Dihydrate
Land Plaster
Magnesia White
Satin-ite
Sulfuric Acid, Calcium(2+) Salt, Dihydrate
Plaster of Paris
Dried calcium sulfate
Dried gypsum
Annalin
Gypsum Hemihydrate
Hemihydrate Gypsum
Anhydrite
Anhydrous Calcium Sulfate
Anhydrous Gypsum
Anhydrous Sulfate of Lime
Calcium Salt of Sulfuric Acid
Calcium Sulfate
Calcium Sulfate (1:1)
Calcium Sulphate
Crysalba
Drierite
Gibs
Karstenite
Muriacite
Natural Anhydrite
Sulfuric Acid, Calcium Salt
Sulfuric Acid, Calcium Salt (1:1)
Sulfuric Acid, Calcium(2+) Salt
Thiolite
The hemihydrate form of calcium sulfate is most commonly referred to as plaster of Paris and the dihydrate form is generally referred to as gypsum. However, calcium sulfate dihydrate and gypsum have different Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) registry numbers.
Not all references differentiate between the three major forms of calcium sulfate. Whenever possible, it is noted in this document when data apply only to a specific form.
(ACGIH, 2001a; Budavari, 1996; Hathaway et al, 1996a; HSDB, 2003; Lewis, 2000; NIOSH , 1997; RTECS, 2003; Pohanish, 2002)

CALCIUM SULFATE ANHYDROUS

Karstenite
Anhydrite
Muriacite
Anhydrous sulfate of lime
Anhydrous gypsum
CAS 7778-18-9

Calcium sulfate dihydrate
CAS 10101-41-4
C.I. 77231
Precipitated calcium sulfate
Native calcium sulfate
Gypsum stone
Alabaster
Selenite
Terra Alba
Satinite
Mineral white
Satin spar
Light spar
Gypsum
Annaline
Calcium(II) Sulfate Dihydrate
Land Plaster
Magnesia White
Satin-ite
Sulfuric Acid, Calcium(2+) Salt, Dihydrate

Plaster of Paris
Dried calcium sulfate
Dried gypsum
Annalin
Gypsum Hemihydrate
Hemihydrate Gypsum

Anhydrite
Anhydrous Calcium Sulfate
Anhydrous Gypsum
Anhydrous Sulfate of Lime
Calcium Salt of Sulfuric Acid
Calcium Sulfate
Calcium Sulfate (1:1)
Calcium Sulphate
Crysalba
Drierite
Gibs
Karstenite
Muriacite
Natural Anhydrite
Sulfuric Acid, Calcium Salt
Sulfuric Acid, Calcium Salt (1:1)
Sulfuric Acid, Calcium(2+) Salt
Thiolite

The hemihydrate form of calcium sulfate is most commonly referred to as plaster of Paris and the dihydrate form is generally referred to as gypsum. However, calcium sulfate dihydrate and gypsum have different Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) registry numbers.
Not all references differentiate between the three major forms of calcium sulfate. Whenever possible, it is noted in this document when data apply only to a specific form.

(ACGIH, 2001a; Budavari, 1996; Hathaway et al, 1996a; HSDB, 2003; Lewis, 2000; NIOSH , 1997; RTECS, 2003; Pohanish, 2002)

IDENTIFIERS

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER

7778-18-9(Sulfuric acid, calcium salt (1:1))
26499-65-0(Plaster of paris)

NIOSH/RTECS NUMBER

TP 0700000 (hemihydrate)
EW 4150000 (dihydrate)
WS 6920000 (anhydrous)

UN/NA NUMBER

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

MOLECULAR FORMULA

- CaO4S (anhydrous)
- CaSO4 (anhydrous)
- Ca.O4S (anhydrous)
- Ca.H2-O4-S (anhydrous)
- CaH2SO4 (anhydrous)
- O4S.Ca.2H2O (dihydrate)
- CaSO4.2H2O (dihydrate)
- CaSO4 (O.5H2O) (hemihydrate)
- O4-S.Ca.1/2H2-O (hemihydrate)
- CaSO4.1/2 H2O (hemihydrate)

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

151-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

ANHYDRITE - Insoluble calcium sulfate is used in cement formulations and as a paper filler; soluble calcium sulfate is used as a drying agent (Budavari, 1996; Hathaway et al, 1996). (ACGIH, 2001)
HEMIHYDRATE - The hemihydrate form of calcium sulfate is used for creating casts and moldings and is used in tiles, stucco, wall plaster, and wallboard (Hathaway et al, 1996a; Budavari, 1996; Ashford, 1994; ACGIH, 2001).
DIHYDRATE - The dihydrate form of calcium sulfate is used in water and soil treatment, paints, enamels, paper, insecticide dusts, polishing powders, pharmaceuticals, and animal feed; in the manufacture of Portland cement, plaster of Paris, artificial marble, yeast, sulfuric acid, calcium carbide, ammonium sulfate, and polymers; and in the production of heavy chemicals. The food and pharmaceutical-grade is also used in foods as a source of calcium (Budavari, 1996; Hathaway et al, 1996a; ACGIH, 1991; Pohanish, 2002).

FORMS

ANHYDRITE -

Calcium sulfate anhydrite reacts with water to form plaster of Paris and gypsum(NIOSH, 2003) .
Calcium sulfate is available in the following grades (Lewis, 1997):
- Technical
- Pure precipitated (as the dihydrate)
- FCC

SOURCES

ANHYDRITE - The insoluble anhydrous form can be produced by completely dehydrating gypsum at above 650 degrees C. Complete dehydration of gypsum at below 300 degrees C will produce the soluble anhydrous form (Budavari, 1996; ACGIH, 2001).
HEMIHYDRATE -

Calcium sulfate hemihydrate can be formed from the anhydrite by absorbing 6.6% of its weight of water. It can also be formed by heating gypsum (Budavari, 1996; ACGIH, 2001a).
BETA-SEMIHYDRATE is present in plaster of Paris and has a low compression strength; the temperature rise during hardening is expected to be less than with the alpha-semihydrate (Hedeboe et al, 1982).
ALPHA-SEMIHYDRATE is present in dental casting materials and generates more heat (Hedeboe et al, 1982).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Calcium sulfate is irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Conjunctivitis, rhinitis, epistaxis, coughing, sneezing, pneumonia, and labored breathing may occur. The dental plaster form is a special form of the alpha-hemihydrate and has caused severe dermal burns. The beta-hemihydrate form does not have this property. If ingested, intestinal obstruction may occur if the material hardens, especially in the pyloric region.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

The main hazard with either acute or chronic calcium sulfate exposure is from the DUST. It is an eye and respiratory tract irritant (HSDB). The probable lethal oral human dose has been estimated to be 0.5 to 5 g/kg (HSDB).

The dental plaster form, known as Stone, is a special form of the alpha- hemihydrate. It has caused severe skin burns. Plaster of Paris, the beta-hemihydrate form, does not have this property (ACGIH, 1991).

Formation of a gastric bezoar has been reported following ingestion of plaster consisting of 98% to 100% calcium sulfate hemihydrate. Abdominal radiographs confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment may consist of either gastric irrigation or endoscopy, or surgical intervention, depending on the time interval between plaster ingestion and presentation to the emergency department (Johari & Eskandari, 2014)t.

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

There is one case of exposure to an average of 194 g/m(3) intermittently over a period of 10 years producing unspecified effects on the lung (Clayton & Clayton, 1982). Pulmonary disease was not a problem in calcium sulfate miners, (Hunter, 1975).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
DERMAL EXPOSURE - Wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. Other measures are usually unnecessary.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin and respiratory system (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).

GENERAL

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
Carefully observe patients with inhalation exposure for the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Drinking glycerin, gelatin solutions, or large volumes of water may delay hardening.
Surgical evaluation may be necessary if symptoms of obstruction occur.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7778-18-9 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Calcium sulfate
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Calcium sulfate
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS26499-65-0 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Plaster of Paris
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS7778-18-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS26499-65-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

TCLo- (INHALATION)HUMAN:
- 194 g/m(3) for 10Y-I -- NOSE,PUL(Lewis, 2000)
TDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- 450 mg/kg for 3W-I -- CAR(Lewis, 2000)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS7778-18-9 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Calcium sulfate

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 10 mg/m(3)
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: I
Definitions:

I: Inhalable fraction; see Appendix C, paragraph A (of TLV booklet).

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Nasal symptoms
Molecular Weight: 136.14

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS26499-65-0 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS7778-18-9 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS26499-65-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS7778-18-9 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Calcium sulfate
REL:

TWA: 10 mg/m(3) (total) 5 mg/m(3) (resp)
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH: Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS26499-65-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Plaster of Paris
REL:

TWA: 10 mg/m(3) (total) 5 mg/m(3) (resp)
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH: Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS7778-18-9 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Calcium sulfate (Total dust)
Table Z-1 for Calcium sulfate (Total dust):

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 15

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

Listed as: Calcium sulfate (Respirable fraction)
Table Z-1 for Calcium sulfate (Respirable fraction):

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 5

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS26499-65-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Plaster of Paris (Total dust)
Table Z-1 for Plaster of Paris (Total dust):

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 15

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

Listed as: Plaster of Paris (Respirable fraction)
Table Z-1 for Plaster of Paris (Respirable fraction):

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 5

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS7778-18-9 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS26499-65-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS7778-18-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS26499-65-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS7778-18-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS26499-65-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS7778-18-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS26499-65-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS7778-18-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS26499-65-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS7778-18-9 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS26499-65-0 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS7778-18-9 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS26499-65-0 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS7778-18-9 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Sulfuric acid, calcium salt (1:1)

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS26499-65-0 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Sulfuric acid, calcium salt (1:1)

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS7778-18-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS26499-65-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

HANDLING

Dust created during gypsum processing should be limited and controlled (ILO, 1983).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Store the anhydrite and hemihydrate forms in tightly sealed containers (Budavari, 1996; Sittig, 1991).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

The dihydrate form should be kept dry (HSDB , 1997).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Keep calcium sulfate separate from diazomethane vapor, aluminum powder, and phosphorus (Lewis, 1996; Urben, 1995; NFPA, 1994).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Loose-fitting clothing made of dust-tight material, goggles, and a dust mask should be worn when working with calcium sulfate (Sittig, 1991).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Safety goggles should be worn when working with calcium sulfate (Sittig, 1991).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

A dust mask should be worn while working with calcium sulfate (Sittig, 1991).

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 7778-18-9.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 26499-65-0.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
Calcium sulfate is non-flammable and non-combustible. Explosion can result when it is mixed with diazomethane vapor or aluminum powder and ignition can result when it is mixed with phosphorus (NIOSH , 1997; Lewis, 1996; Urben, 1995; NFPA, 1994; Sittig, 1991).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS7778-18-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS26499-65-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS7778-18-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS26499-65-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Calcium sulfate is non-flammable (Sittig, 1991).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Explosion can result from an exothermic reaction when calcium sulfate is mixed with diazomethane vapor (Lewis, 1996; Urben, 1995).

A violent or explosive reaction can occur upon heating when calcium sulfate is mixed with aluminum powder (Lewis, 1996; Urben, 1995; NFPA, 1994).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur are emitted when calcium sulfate (in the anhydrous or dihydrate forms) is heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1996).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

A violent or explosive reaction can occur upon heating when calcium sulfate is mixed with aluminum powder (Lewis, 1996; Urben, 1995).

Explosion can result from an exothermic reaction when calcium sulfate is mixed with diazomethane vapor (Lewis, 1996; Urben, 1995).

Calcium sulfate mixed with phosphorus will ignite at high temperatures (Lewis, 1996).

When primed at a high temperature with a potassium nitrate-calcium silicide mixture, calcium sulfate mixed with excess red phosphorus will burn (Urben, 1995).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS7778-18-9 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS26499-65-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS7778-18-9 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Calcium sulfate anhydrous; (Drierite; Gypsum; Plaster of Paris
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 15
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 30
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 50
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 250
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS26499-65-0 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS7778-18-9 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS26499-65-0 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS7778-18-9 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS26499-65-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
When cleaning up a spill, wear protective clothing and equipment. Vacuum spill or use other methods which avoid raising dust (Sittig, 1991).

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Landfilling is the suggested disposal method (Sittig, 1991).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

No information found at the time of this review.

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

No information found at the time of this review.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

No information found at the time of this review.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

ANHYDRITE: 136.14

HEMIHYDRATE: 145.14

DIHYDRATE: 172.17

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

ANHYDRITE: The pure anhydrous form of calcium sulfate is hygroscopic and exists as a colorless or white powder or as varied colored, odorless orthorhombic crystals (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996; ACGIH, 2001). Due to its high affinity for water, the soluble anhydrite will absorb 6.6% of its weight of water and thus form the stable hemihydrate(HSDB, 2003).

HEMIHYDRATE: Calcium sulfate hemihydrate is a white or yellowish, finely divided, powder that is odorless and tasteless and loses water when heated above 163 degrees C(NIOSH, 2003; Budavari, 1996; Ashford, 1994; ACGIH, 2001).

DIHYDRATE: The dihydrate form occurs in colorless, monoclinic, hygroscopic crystals or in lumps or powder (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 2000).

VAPOR PRESSURE

0 mmHg (approximate) (NIOSH, 2005)

DENSITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

ANHYDRITE: 2.96 g/mL (Budavari, 1996)
ANHYDRITE: 2.964 g/mL(Lewis, 2000)
DIHYDRATE: 2.32 g/mL (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 2000)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

ANHYDRITE

1570 degrees C (Lewis, 1996)
1450 degrees C (Sittig, 1991; Lewis, 1997)
1360 degrees C (decomposes) (ACGIH, 1991)
2840 degrees F (decomposes) (NIOSH, 2005)

HEMIHYDRATE

163 degrees C (loses 1/2 H2O) (ACGIH, 1991)
325 degrees F (loses H20) (NIOSH , 1999)

DIHYDRATE

128 degrees C (loses 1 1/2 H2O) (Lewis, 1996; ACGIH, 1991)
163 degrees C (loses 2H2O) (ACGIH, 1991)

BOILING POINT

ANHYDRITE: decomposes (NIOSH, 2005)

DIHYDRATE: 163 degrees C (Lewis, 1996)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

Not Applicable (NIOSH, 2005)

UPPER

Not Applicable (NIOSH, 2005)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Anhydrite: Calcium sulfate is slightly soluble in water(Lewis, 2000).
Anhydrite: 0.20 g in 100 g water (at 25 degrees C) (ACGIH, 2001)
Anhydrite: 0.2 pts/100 pts (at 18.75 degrees) (Budavari, 1996)
Anhydrite: 0.27 g/100 g (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB, 2003)
Anhydrite: 0.3% (percent by weight) (NIOSH, 2003)
Hemihydrate: The hemihydrate form slightly soluble in hot water (HSDB, 2003)
Hemihydrate: 3.0 g/L (at 25 degrees C) (Ashford, 1994)
Hemihydrate: 0.30 g in 100 g water (at 25 degrees C) (ACGIH, 2001)
Hemihydrate: 0.3 g/100 cc water (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB, 2003)
Hemihydrate: 0.67 g/100 g (at 20 degrees C) (alpha-form) (HSDB, 2003)
Hemihydrate: 0.88 g/100 g (at 20 degrees C) (beta-form) (HSDB, 2003)
Hemihydrate: 0.209 g/100 cc (at 30 degrees C) (HSDB, 2003)
Hemihydrate: 0.1619 g/100 cc (at 100 degrees C) (HSDB, 2003)
Dihydrate: The dihydrate form of calcium sulfate is soluble or slightly soluble in water (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 2000).
Dihydrate: 0.24 g in 100 g water (at 25 degrees C) (ACGIH, 2001)
Dihydrate: 0.21 g/100 g (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB, 2003)

OTHER

Anhydrite: Calcium sulfate dissolves in acids. The soluble anhydrite is soluble in sodium thiosulfate (HSDB , 1999; Lewis, 1996).
Hemihydrate: The hemihydrate form is soluble in glycerin, ammonium salts, and acids (HSDB , 1999).
DIHYDRATE

SOLUBILITY IN SOLVENTS

The dihydrate form of calcium sulfate is very slowly soluble in glycerol and practically insoluble in most organic solvents (Budavari, 1996).

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

odorless (ACGIH, 2001)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

ANHYDRITE (SOLUBLE): 1.505, 1.548 (HSDB , 1999)
DIHYDRATE: 1.520, 1.525, 1.530 (HSDB , 1999)

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

40 CFR 372.28: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Lower thresholds for chemicals of special concern. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO). Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

49 CFR 172.101 - App. B: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials, Appendix B: List of Marine Pollutants. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 29, 2005.

49 CFR 172.101: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 11, 2005.

62 FR 58840: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 1997.

65 FR 14186: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 39264: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 77866: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

66 FR 21940: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2001.

67 FR 7164: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2002.

68 FR 42710: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2003.

69 FR 54144: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2004.

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices, 6th ed, Am Conference of Govt Ind Hyg, Inc, Cincinnati, OH, 1991.

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Fromm RE Jr: Hypercalcemia complicating an industrial near-drowning. Ann Emerg Med 1991; 20:669-671.

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HSDB : Hazardous Substances Data Bank. National Library of Medicine. Bethesda, MD (Internet Version). Edition expires 1997; provided by Truven Health Analytics Inc., Greenwood Village, CO.

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Hathaway GJ, Proctor NH, & Hughes JP: Chemical Hazards of the Workplace, 4th ed, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, NY, 1996, pp 339-340.

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Hedeboe J, Larsen FM, & Lucht U: Heat generation in plaster-of-Paris and resulting hand burns. Burns 1982; 9:46-48.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Propargyl Alcohol (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006e. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ec91&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Selenium Hexafluoride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006f. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ec55&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents