CALCIUM CARBIDE

Calcium carbide is used for generating acetylene gas for lighting purposes (1 kg of carbide yields about 300 L acetylene); as a reducing agent (eg, for direct reduction of copper sulfide to metallic copper); in signal fires for marine service; in the manufacturing of calcium, iron, alloys, lampblack, cyanamide; as a chemical intermediate for acetylene; in metallurgy for desulfurizing and deoxidizing; in generation of chloroethylenes; in production of vinyl acetate monomer; as a fertilizer (eg, as a pineapple flowering agent); and in welding and cutting metals (Budavari, 2000; HSDB, 2000).

FORMS

Calcium carbide has been described as gray to bluish black granules, grayish-black irregular lumps, grayish-black orthorhombic crystals, grayish-black amorphous mass, grayish-black crystalline solid, gray rhombic crystals, or colorless tetragonal crystals (Budavari, 2000)CHRIS, 2000; (HSDB, 2000; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 2000).
Commercial grade calcium carbide usually contains phosphorus, sulfur, lime, coke, and/or calcium oxide as impurities and is usually 80% calcium carbide (Ashford, 1994; HSDB, 2000).

SOURCES

It is manufactured by reaction of pulverized limestone or quicklime with crushed coke or anthracite in an electric furnace (HSDB, 2000).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Calcium carbide dust is irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Dry calcium carbide in contact with skin may cause dermatitis. When in contact with mucous membranes or moist skin, caustic lime is formed, which can lead to ulceration and scarring.

In several instances, burns of the eye with residual opacity and scarring have been caused by contact with particles of calcium carbide or with residues from its reaction with water.

Furnace and maintenance workers in calcium carbide production plants may be exposed to coal-tar pitch. A British study found a slight excess of lung cancer among furnace and maintenance workers exposed to coal-tar pitch fumes in a calcium carbide production plant (IARC, 1987). Data on U.S. coke oven workers with exposure levels of 2000 ng/m(3) revealed an increase of 10-fold in lung cancer deaths compared to unexposed persons (ACGIH, 1991). Coal-tar pitches (listed in Group 1 by the IARC) are carcinogenic to humans (IARC, 1987).

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.
May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, wipe from skin immediately; flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

GENERAL -

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water.

INHALATION EXPOSURE -

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes at the site (AAR, 1987).

EYE EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE -

Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation, DO NOT induce emesis.
DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting.
Activated charcoal is not recommended.
Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ADULT

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

ADULT

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS75-20-7 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS75-20-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS75-20-7 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS75-20-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS75-20-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS75-20-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS75-20-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS75-20-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Calcium carbide
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

10 (4.54)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS75-20-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS75-20-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS75-20-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS75-20-7 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS75-20-7 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS75-20-7 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Calcium carbide (CaC2)

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1402 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Calcium carbide

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 4.3

4.3: Dangerous when wet material. See 49 CFR section 173.124 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1402
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 4.3

4.3: Dangerous When Wet.

Special Provisions: A1, A8, B55, B59, IB4, IP1, N34, T9, TP7, TP33

A1: Single packagings are not permitted on passenger aircraft.
A8: For combination packagings, if glass inner packagings (including ampoules) are used, they must be packed with cushioning material in tightly closed metal receptacles before packing in outer packagings.
B55: Water-tight, sift-proof, closed-top, metal-covered hopper cars, equipped with a venting arrangement (including flame arrestors) approved by the Associate Administrator are also authorized.
B59: Water-tight, sift-proof, closed-top, metal-covered hopper cars are also authorized provided that the lading is covered with a nitrogen blanket.
IB4: Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B and 31N).
IP1: IBCs must be packed in closed freight containers or a closed transport vehicle.
N34: Aluminum construction materials are not authorized for any part of a packaging which is normally in contact with the hazardous material.
T9: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): 6 mm; Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): Prohibited.
TP7: The vapor space must be purged of air by nitrogen or other means.
TP33: The portable tank instruction assigned for this substance applies for granular and powdered solids and for solids which are filled and discharged at temperatures above their melting point which are cooled and transported as a solid mass. Solid substances transported or offered for transport above their melting point are authorized for transportation in portable tanks conforming to the provisions of portable tank instruction T4 for solid substances of packing group III or T7 for solid substances of packing group II, unless a tank with more stringent requirements for minimum shell thickness, maximum allowable working pressure, pressure-relief devices or bottom outlets are assigned in which case the more stringent tank instruction and special provisions shall apply. Filling limits must be in accordance with portable tank special provision TP3. Solids meeting the defnintion of an elevated temperature material must be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 211
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: 15 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: B

B: (i) The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length; and (ii) "On deck only" on passenger vessels in which the number of passengers specified in paragraph (k)(2)(i) of this section is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 52

52: Stow "separated from" acids.

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Calcium carbide

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 4.3

4.3: Dangerous when wet material. See 49 CFR section 173.124 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1402
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 4.3

4.3: Dangerous When Wet.

Special Provisions: A1, A8, B55, B59, IB7, IP2, N34, T3, TP33

A1: Single packagings are not permitted on passenger aircraft.
A8: For combination packagings, if glass inner packagings (including ampoules) are used, they must be packed with cushioning material in tightly closed metal receptacles before packing in outer packagings.
B55: Water-tight, sift-proof, closed-top, metal-covered hopper cars, equipped with a venting arrangement (including flame arrestors) approved by the Associate Administrator are also authorized.
B59: Water-tight, sift-proof, closed-top, metal-covered hopper cars are also authorized provided that the lading is covered with a nitrogen blanket.
IB7: Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, 21H2, 31H1 and 31H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, 21HZ2, 31HZ1 and 31HZ2); Wooden (11C, 11D and 11F). Additional Requirement: Liners of wooden IBCs must be sift-proof.
IP2: When IBCs other than metal or rigid plastics IBCs are used, they must be offered for transportation in a closed freight container or a closed transport vehicle.
N34: Aluminum construction materials are not authorized for any part of a packaging which is normally in contact with the hazardous material.
T3: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(2).
TP33: The portable tank instruction assigned for this substance applies for granular and powdered solids and for solids which are filled and discharged at temperatures above their melting point which are cooled and transported as a solid mass. Solid substances transported or offered for transport above their melting point are authorized for transportation in portable tanks conforming to the provisions of portable tank instruction T4 for solid substances of packing group III or T7 for solid substances of packing group II, unless a tank with more stringent requirements for minimum shell thickness, maximum allowable working pressure, pressure-relief devices or bottom outlets are assigned in which case the more stringent tank instruction and special provisions shall apply. Filling limits must be in accordance with portable tank special provision TP3. Solids meeting the defnintion of an elevated temperature material must be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 151
Non-bulk packaging: 212
Bulk packaging: 241

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 15 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 50 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: B

B: (i) The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length; and (ii) "On deck only" on passenger vessels in which the number of passengers specified in paragraph (k)(2)(i) of this section is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1402 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Calcium carbide
UN Number: 1402

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS75-20-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

HANDLING

Use tools that will not cause sparks when opening and closing containers of calcium carbide (Sittig, 1991).

Broken packages should not be handled without proper protective gear (AAR, 1998).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Store in water and air-tight metal packages in lots of 2 lbs to over 1000 lbs (OHM/TADS , 2000).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Store in a dry, non-combustible, well-ventilated location WITHOUT sprinkler protection away from any possible sources of fire or ignition (HSDB, 2000; ITI, 1995).
Protect against physical damage and from coming in contact with any moisture (OHM/TADS , 2000).
Store away from other materials (HSDB, 2000).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Isolate from other materials, especially oxidizing materials and water (NFPA, 1997; OHM/TADS , 2000).
Protect material from possible sources of ignition with acetylene gas (OHM/TADS , 2000).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Avoid contact with solid and/or gaseous formations of calcium carbide (CHRIS , 2000).

Personal protective equipment should be worn, including appropriate clothing, rubber gloves with protective skin cream, chemical goggles, head and respiratory protection (HSDB, 2000; ITI, 1995).

In addition to offering protection against contact with calcium carbide, the protective clothing should also guard against radiant heat, flying sparks, and hot particles (HSDB, 2000; ITI, 1995).

Calcium carbide does not have systemic effects; however, it is irritating to the skin and eyes. Smarting and reddening of the skin can occur. Clothing contaminated with calcium carbide should be removed to avoid contacting the skin (CHRIS , 2000) HSDB, 2000).

In case of contact, immediately wipe the material from the skin, then flush the effected area with running water for at least 15 minutes (AAR, 1998).

When in contact with moist skin or mucous membranes, caustic lime is formed, resulting in ulcerations and scarring. Even severe thermal and caustic burns can result (HSDB, 2000).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Chemical goggles and face shields should be worn since it is irritating to the skin and eyes (CHRIS , 2000) ITI, 2000).

Prompt removal of calcium carbide can limit the damage and allow healing to begin (HSDB, 2000).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

A dust respirator is recommended (Sittig, 1991).

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 75-20-7.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

Equipment producing calcium carbide dust should be fully enclosed and fitted with exhaust ventilation (HSDB, 2000).

Air ducts should be installed in an inclined position to prevent the accumulation of dust. Use cyclones and bag filters to clean dust-laden air before releasing the exhaust into the atmosphere (HSDB, 2000).

Rooms should have top and bottom windows to promote natural ventilation by convection and have ventilation openings on the roof (HSDB, 2000).

If furnaces are used, they should be equipped with exhaust hoods. These hoods should have fire and heat resistant screens or curtains and have ducts connected to furnace flues (HSDB, 2000).

Electrical equipment used should be explosive-proof (ITI, 1995).

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)
- Produce flammable gases on contact with water.
- May ignite on contact with water or moist air.
- Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water.
- May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
- Some are transported in highly flammable liquids.
- Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
Calcium carbide is flammable on contact with acid or acid fumes, evolving heat or flammable vapors (Lewis, 2000).
This compound reacts exothermically with water to form calcium oxide (then calcium hydroxide) and acetylene, a flammable gas. The heat from this reaction may be sufficient to ignite the acetylene (AAR, 1998).
Mixtures of calcium carbide with iron(III) chloride, iron(III) oxide, and tin(II) chloride are easily ignited and burn fiercely (Lewis, 2000).
Calcium carbide forms an incandescent reaction with the following (ITI, 1995; Lewis, 2000; (NFPA, 1997):
- Bromine (at 350 degrees C)
- Chlorine (at 245 degrees C)
- Halogens
- Hydrogen chloride gas + heat
- Iodine (at 305 degrees C)
- Lead difluoride; lead fluoride
- Magnesium + heat
- Selenium gas
- Sulfur vapor (at 500 degrees C)
Calcium carbide is incompatible with the following:
- Brass - formation of explosive compounds (CHRIS, 2000)
- Copper - formation of explosive compounds (CHRIS, 2000)
- Ferric chloride - ignition (ITI, 1995)
- Ferric oxide - ignition (ITI, 1995)
- Methanol (after an induction period) - vigorous reaction (ITI, 1995; Lewis, 2000).
- Perchloryl fluoride (at 100 to 300 degrees C) - explosive reaction (ITI, 1995)
- Silver nitrate - formation of explosive silver acetylide (ITI, 1995)
- Sodium peroxide (in humid air) - ignition (ITI, 1995)
- Sodium peroxide + heat - explosive reaction (ITI, 1995)
- Stannous chloride - ignition (ITI, 1995)
- Stannic chloride - ignition (ITI, 1995)

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS75-20-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

DO NOT USE WATER or FOAM.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

LITHIUM OR MAGNESIUM FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

Magnesium Fires:

DRY sand, sodium chloride powder, graphite powder or Met-L-X® powder.

Lithium Fires:

DRY sand, sodium chloride powder, graphite powder, copper powder or Lith-X® powder.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS75-20-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Dry powders may be used to extinguish the fires; however, allowing the fire to burn itself out is preferrd (CHRIS , 2000).

Use approved Class D extinguishers (NFPA, 1997).

Smother with dry sand, clay, ground limestone, graphite, soda ash, or powdered sodium chloride (AAR, 1998).

Do NOT use carbon dioxide (ineffective), halogenated extinguishing agents, water, or water containing/evolving foam (CHRIS , 2000; NFPA, 1997; OHM/TADS , 2000).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Calcium carbide is incompatible with the following:

Brass - formation of explosive compounds (CHRIS, 2000)
Copper - formation of explosive compounds (CHRIS, 2000)
Ferric chloride - ignition (ITI, 1995)
Ferric oxide - ignition (ITI, 1995)
Methanol (after an induction period) - vigorous reaction (ITI, 1995; Lewis, 2000).
Perchloryl fluoride (at 100 to 300 degrees C) - explosive reaction (ITI, 1995)
Silver nitrate - formation of explosive silver acetylide (ITI, 1995)
Sodium peroxide (in humid air) - ignition (ITI, 1995)
Sodium peroxide + heat - explosive reaction (ITI, 1995)
Stannous chloride - ignition (ITI, 1995)
Stannic chloride - ignition (ITI, 1995)

"When moist chlorine was passed over calcium carbide and potassium hydroxide, a solution of 58% dichloracetylene was collected in ether. The solution burned spontaneously and filled the laboratory with phosgene. When the head was removed from a steel bomb used for one of the experiments, contact with air caused an explosion that drove the base of the bomb through the floor" (NFPA, 1997).

Calcium carbide is decomposed immediately by water. It first sinks in water, then in an exothermic reaction, bubbles appear on surface as acetylene (should contain no more than 0.05 V/O phosphine), leaving a precipitating residue of calcium oxide (lime). Calcium oxide, to some extent, will then react with water to form calcium hydroxide, which makes the solution caustic. Acetylene can ignite from the heat generated by the reaction and is an explosion hazard (CHRIS , 2000) HSDB, 2000; (OHM/TADS , 2000).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Calcium carbide dust is harmful if inhaled; it may cause skin, respiratory, and eye irritation (HSDB, 2000; (ILO , 1998; NFPA, 1997).

This compound reacts exothermically with water to form calcium oxide (then calcium hydroxide) and acetylene, a flammable gas. The heat from this reaction may be sufficient to ignite the acetylene (AAR, 1998; ITI, 1995).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Calcium carbide forms an incandescent reaction with the following (ITI, 1995; Lewis, 2000; (NFPA, 1997):

Bromine (at 350 degrees C)
Chlorine (at 245 degrees C)
Halogens
Hydrogen chloride gas + heat
Iodine (at 305 degrees C)
Lead difluoride; lead fluoride
Magnesium + heat
Selenium gas
Sulfur vapor (at 500 degrees C)

Calcium carbide is incompatible with the following:

Brass - formation of explosive compounds (CHRIS, 2000)
Copper - formation of explosive compounds (CHRIS, 2000)
Ferric chloride - ignition (ITI, 1995)
Ferric oxide - ignition (ITI, 1995)
Methanol (after an induction period) - vigorous reaction (ITI, 1995; Lewis, 2000).
Perchloryl fluoride (at 100 to 300 degrees C) - explosive reaction (ITI, 1995)
Silver nitrate - formation of explosive silver acetylide (ITI, 1995)
Sodium peroxide (in humid air) - ignition (ITI, 1995)
Sodium peroxide + heat - explosive reaction (ITI, 1995)
Stannous chloride - ignition (ITI, 1995)
Stannic chloride - ignition (ITI, 1995)

"When moist chlorine was passed over calcium carbide and potassium hydroxide, a solution of 58% dichloracetylene was collected in ether. The solution burned spontaneously and filled the laboratory with phosgene. When the head was removed from a steel bomb used for one of the experiments, contact with air caused an explosion that drove the base of the bomb through the floor" (NFPA, 1997).

Calcium carbide reacts with oxidizing materials, toxic materials, gunpowders, corrosives, organic peroxides, or combustible solids (ITI, 1995; (NFPA, 1997).

It "reacts with potassium fluoride to produce elemental potassium" (HSDB, 2000).

Calcium carbide mixed with iron(III) chloride, iron(III) oxide, and tin(II) chloride is easily ignited and burns fiercely (Lewis, 2000).

It is incompatible with iron trichloride and tin dichloride (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Impurities found in calcium carbide may produce additional hazards. For example, if it is tainted with calcium phosphate or calcium arsenate may, when moistened, produce extremely toxic fumes of phosphine or arsine (HSDB, 2000).

Calcium carbide is decomposed immediately by water. It first sinks in water, then in an exothermic reaction, bubbles appear on surface as acetylene (should contain no more than 0.05 V/O phosphine), leaving a precipitating residue of calcium oxide (lime). Calcium oxide, to some extent, will then react with water to form calcium hydroxide, which makes the solution caustic. Acetylene can ignite from the heat generated by the reaction and is an explosion hazard (CHRIS , 2000) HSDB, 2000; (OHM/TADS , 2000).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate the area before entry.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS75-20-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS75-20-7 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Calcium carbide
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 10
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 30
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 50
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 250
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS75-20-7 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS75-20-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
- DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.
POWDER SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)
- Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry.
- DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Evacuate the area, and shut off ignition sources in case of a spill (CHRIS , 2000).
Fire and civil defense authorities should be notified of the possibiity of an explosion (OHM/TADS , 2000).
Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain (AAR, 1998).
Do not dispose of calcium carbide in the sewer. The acetylene trapped in pipes and sewers is an explosive hazard (OHM/TADS , 2000; Sittig, 1991).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)
- Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
- Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

Cover the material with sand and transfer it into a dry bucket or plastic bag. Take the bucket to an open area and pour the sand mixture slowly into a large container of water, using a pilot flame to burn off the acetylene. Allow the large container to stand for 24 hours before burying the contents in a landfill (ITI, 1995; (OHM/TADS , 2000).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

No information found at the time of this review.

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

No information found at the time of this review.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

It has a livestock toxicity value of 1000 ppm (OHM/TADS , 2000).

It is harmful to aquatic life even at very low concentrations (CHRIS , 2000).

The chronic toxicity limit for waterfowl is 500 ppm (OHM/TADS , 2000).

Local wildlife officials should be notified of a spill due to its pollution hazard (CHRIS , 2000).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

64.10

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Calcium carbide has been described as gray to bluish-black granules, grayish-black irregular lumps, grayish-black orthorhombic crystals, grayish-black amorphous mass, grayish-black crystalline solid, gray rhombic crystals, or colorless tetragonal crystals (Budavari, 2000; CHRIS , 2000) HSDB, 2000; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 2000).

Calcium carbide odor has been described as garlic-like or that of acetylene (CHRIS , 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000).

The industrial material has a phosphine odor due to the presence of calcium phosphide as an impurity (Meyer, 1977).

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

2.22 g/cm(3) (at 18 degrees C) (SOLID) (Budavari, 2000; CHRIS , 2000)
2.34 kg/L (at 15 degrees C) (Ashford, 1994a)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

2300 degrees C; 4172 degrees F (Budavari, 2000; NFPA, 1997)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

571 degrees C (OHM/TADS , 2000)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

2.5% (OHM/TADS , 2000)

UPPER

82% (OHM/TADS , 2000)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Calcium carbide is decomposed immediately by water. It first sinks in water, then in a exothermic reaction, bubbles appear on surface as acetylene (should contain no more than 0.05 V/O phosphine), leaving a precipitating residue of calcium oxide (lime). Calcium oxide, to some extent, will then react with water to form calcium hydroxide, which makes the solution caustic. Acetylene can ignite from the heat generated by the reaction and is an explosion hazard (CHRIS , 2000) HSDB, 2000; (OHM/TADS , 2000).

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

Currently not available (CHRIS , 2000)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.75 (HSDB, 2000)

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Calcium Phosphide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2005d. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020c5ed&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Carbonyl Fluoride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008b. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064803ae328&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Carbonyl Sulfide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007e. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648037ff26&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Chlorobenzene (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008c. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064803a52bb&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Cyanogen (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008f. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064809187fe&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Dimethyl Phosphite (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a7cbf3&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Diphenylchloroarsine (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007l. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020fd29&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Ethyl Isocyanate (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008h. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648091884e&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Ethyl Phosphorodichloridate (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008i. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480920347&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Ethylbenzene (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008g. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064809203e7&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Ethyldichloroarsine (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007j. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020fd29&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Germane (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008j. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480963906&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Hexafluoropropylene (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064801ea1f5&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Ketene (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ee7c&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Magnesium Aluminum Phosphide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2005h. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020c5ed&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Malathion (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009k. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064809639df&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Mercury Vapor (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009b. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a8a087&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Methyl Isothiocyanate (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008k. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480963a03&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Methyl Parathion (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008l. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480963a57&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007a. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064802a4985&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents