CALCIUM ARSENATE

It is used as an herbicide, insecticide, molluscicide, germicide, and as an antifungal and weather-resistant wood treatment (HSDB , 1991; Sax & Lewis, 1987; Sax & Lewis, 1989; Sittig, 1985; Budavari, 1989; EPA, 1988; EPA, 1985; CHRIS , 1993; Morgan, 1989) AAR, 1987).

FORMS

Calcium arsenate is a colorless, odorless, flocculent white powder solid. It is available as a flowable powder formulation (Morgan, 1989).

SOURCES

Calcium arsenate will slowly hydrolyze in water to form ARSENIC ACID (OHM/TADS , 1993). ARSENITE, a trivalent form of arsenic, may also be formed in calcium arsenate mixtures, potentially increasing the toxicity (Woolson, 1981).
Calcium arsenate is a pentavalent arsenic compound. As such, it is less toxic than the trivalent form on an equivalent dose basis; however, all arsenic compounds, regardless of valence, are capable of producing the same effects (Finkel, 1983; Morgan, 1989).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Calcium arsenate is a colorless, odorless, flocculent white powder solid pentavalent arsenic compound. It is expected to have the toxicity of arsenical compounds in general. It is advisable to treat all arsenic compounds as highly toxic. Over time, calcium arsenate released into water will hydrolyze to arsenic acid. Arsenite may also be formed in calcium arsenate mixtures, potentially increasing the toxicity. Calcium arsenate is one of the most toxic compounds to which orchard spraying workers are exposed.

Acute arsenic ingestion generally produces symptoms within 30 to 60 minutes, but onset may be delayed for several hours if ingested with food. A metallic or garlic taste, vomiting, abdominal pain, dysphagia, and profuse watery (rice-water-like) and sometimes bloody diarrhea may occur. Dehydration, intense thirst, and fluid-electrolyte disturbances are common. Hypovolemia from capillary leaking ("third spacing" of fluids) is a common early event.

Systemic arsenic poisoning from occupational exposure is uncommon. Arsenic workers have developed a hoarse voice; nasal irritation and possibly perforation of the nasal septum; irritation of eyes, skin, and mucous membranes; and rarely, cirrhosis of the liver. Nausea and vomiting are infrequent. Painful ulceration of the wrist and scrotal skin, lips, and nostrils may develop with dust exposure.

The primary target organs initially are the gastrointestinal tract, heart, brain, and kidneys. Eventually, the skin, bone marrow, and peripheral nervous system may be significantly damaged. The peripheral neuropathy appears similar regardless of the route of exposure.

Arsenic has been linked to cancers of the skin and possibly to bronchogenic cancer.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Calcium arsenate is assumed to have toxic effects similar to those of other inorganic arsenicals (EPA, 1985; Morgan, 1989; EPA, 1988).

Acute arsenic ingestion generally produces symptoms within 30 to 60 minutes, but symptom onset may be delayed for several hours if ingested with food (Morgan, 1989; Sittig, 1985). A metallic or garlic taste and garlic-like odor of the breath, vomiting, abdominal pain, dysphagia, and profuse watery (rice-like) and sometimes bloody diarrhea may occur (Sittig, 1985; Finkel, 1983; EPA, 1988).

Dehydration, intense thirst, and fluid-electrolyte disturbances are common (Morgan, 1989). Hypovolemia from capillary leaking ("third spacing" of fluids) is a common early sign (Morgan, 1989; EPA, 1988; HSDB , 1993). Cardiac arrhythmias may occur, but these may be secondary to electrolyte imbalance (Peterson & Rumack, 1977; Goldsmith, 1980; St Peter et al, 1970; Sittig, 1985).

The primary target organs initially are the gastrointestinal tract, heart, brain, and kidneys (Sittig, 1985; Morgan, 1989; Finkel, 1983; HSDB , 1993). Eventually, the skin, bone marrow, and peripheral nervous system may be significantly damaged (Finkel, 1983; Morgan, 1989; Sittig, 1985; HSDB , 1993). Hemolysis, pancytopenia, and anemia may occur after acute arsenic poisoning (Kyle & Pease, 1965; Kjeldsberg & Ward, 1972).

MEE'S LINES, transverse white lines in the nails, may be seen after acute exposure. Mee's lines commonly take 5 weeks to appear above the cuticle and advance 1 mm per week afterwards, allowing an approximation of the time of acute exposure (Heyman et al, 1956).

Permanent encephalopathy may ensue from acute exposure to arsenic compounds. The encephalopathy can result in atrophy of the cortex one to six months after exposure (Fincher & Koerker, 1987). This can cause loss of many higher functions.

Peripheral neuropathy of both the sensory and motor type can appear in a similar pattern regardless of the route of exposure (Finkel, 1983). It commonly begins one to 3 weeks later (Le Quesne & McLeod, 1977; Heyman et al, 1956), usually as paresthesias of the soles of the feet, then the hands, progressing proximally over the next few days (Heyman et al, 1956).

Severe muscle weakness and wasting then develops, causing disability (Le Quesne & McLeod, 1977). It may initially be confused with Guillain-Barre' syndrome (Donofrio et al, 1987). The paresthesias may be painful, and are frequently described as severe burning pain in a "stocking and glove" distribution.

Physical findings of arsenic neuropathy usually include prominently decreased sensation to touch, pinprick, and temperature, frequently in a stocking and glove distribution (Heyman et al, 1956). Loss of vibration sense is also common. Profound muscle weakness and wasting, distal more so than proximal, is also seen (Donofrio et al, 1987; Heyman et al, 1956). Wrist drop, foot drop, and fasciculations may also occur with arsenic poisoning (Heyman et al, 1956).

Arsenic inhibits enzymes required for cellular respiration, and has the effect of depleting cellular energy stores, leading to cellular death (Schoolmeester & White, 1980).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Calcium arsenate can act as an allergen and skin sensitizer, with or without production of folliculitis (OHM/TADS , 1993; HSDB , 1991; Holmqvist, 1951).

Workers chronically exposed to arsenic by inhalation and dermal contact have developed a hoarse voice, nasal irritation, possible perforation of the nasal septum, irritation of eyes, skin, and mucous membranes, and rarely, cirrhosis of the liver (ACGIH, 1986; Finkel, 1983; Sittig, 1985; Proctor et al, 1988; Clayton & Clayton, 1981). Nausea and vomiting are infrequent complaints among arsenic workers (Clayton & Clayton, 1981). Painful ulceration of the wrist and scrotal skin, lips, and nostrils may develop with dust exposure (Finkel, 1983; Sittig, 1985).

Chronic arsenic poisoning involves alopecia and enlarged livers, in addition to the signs and symptoms mentioned in the ACUTE EXPOSURE section (Finkel, 1983). Aplastic anemia has also been described after chronic arsenic exposure (Kjeldsberg & Ward, 1972).

Arsenic can cause cancer in humans. (Refer to the CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS section below for more information.)

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

INHALATION EXPOSURE

PERSONNEL PROTECTION

Rescuers must be protected from inhalation by self-contained breathing and from contact by plastic gloves.

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Remove contaminated clothing while washing with an open faucet, hose, or shower for at least 15 minutes. Wear chemical protective clothing (gloves, etc) if necessary, to prevent self-exposure (HSDB , 1991).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
No cases of systemic arsenic poisoning following only eye exposure have been reported.

ORAL/PARENTERAL EXPOSURE

Give victim one tablespoon of salt in glass of water; repeat until vomit is clear. Then give 2 tablespoons of Epsom salts or milk of magnesia and force fluids. Call a physician in all cases of suspected poisoning (CHRIS , 1991).
First responders treatment.

If swallowed and victim is conscious, have victim drink water or milk (CHRIS , 1991).
If swallowed and victim is unconscious or having convulsions, do nothing except keep victim warm (CHRIS , 1991).

Because poisoning by ingested arsenic almost always results in profuse diarrhea, it is generally not appropriate to administer a cathartic (Morgan, 1989).
If treatment has been delayed, and if the victim remains fully alert, administer activated charcoal (Morgan, 1989).

Although arsenic is commonly listed as being effectively adsorbed to charcoal, data are lacking.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
Administer intravenous fluids to restore adequate hydration, support urine flow, and correct electrolyte imbalances.

Monitor intake/output continuously to guard against fluid overload if acute renal failure occurs.
Monitor blood electrolytes regularly.
Blood transfusions and oxygen by mask may be needed to treat shock (Morgan, 1989).

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

One milligram/kilogram of ingested arsenic may be lethal in a child (Woody & Komentari, 1948).

As little as 20 milligrams of arsenic may produce life-threatening toxicity (Zaloga et al, 1970; Schoolmeester & White, 1980) Huttone & Christians, 1983).

An oral dose of 120 mg of arsenic trioxide may be fatal (Finkel, 1983).

Between 1966 and 1979, 61 case of accidental sodium arsenate poisoning, including 11 patients who were hospitalized and 24 fatal cases in adults and children, are reported to the EPA's Pesticide Incident Monitoring System (PIMS) (EPA, 1988).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

Estimates of acute oral toxic doses of various arsenic compounds range from one milligram to 10 grams.

Arsenic trioxide in a solubilized form becomes sodium arsenite, which is more toxic than in an un-solubilized form.

200 milligrams of arsenic trioxide ingestion by an adult may be lethal (Baselt & Cravey, 1989; Baselt, 1988).
Acute ingestion of 9 to 14 milligrams of arsenic trioxide by a 16-month-old child produced classic gastrointestinal signs and symptoms of arsenic poisoning (Watson et al, 1981).
A 30-year-old man survived an ingestion of 6 ounces of "Blue Ball Rat Killer" containing 1.5 percent arsenous oxide (2,150 milligrams metallic arsenic per ounces) with aggressive therapy (fluid resuscitation, chelation and hemodialysis) (Fesmire et al, 1988).

In a case series of 149 arsenate ant-killer ingestions from Minnesota, mainly in children under the age of three, no treatment was provided and no adverse effects occurred on follow-up 4 to 6 months following exposure. In two cases, urine arsenic levels without chelation reached 3500 and 5819 mcg/24 hours and no sequelae were observed, suggesting that many small arsenate ingestions may remain asymptomatic (Kingston et al, 1993).

Trivalent arsenic (arsenite) is more toxic in animals than the pentavalent form (arsenate) (Morgan, 1989).

However, significant toxicity may occur with large amounts of pentavalent salts in humans.
Pentavalent arsenic may be converted in vivo to trivalent arsenic.

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7778-44-1 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 1 ; Listed as: Calcium arsenate

1 : The agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are carcinogenic to humans. This category is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Exceptionally, an agent (mixture) may be placed in this category when evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is less than sufficient but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence in exposed humans that the agent (mixture) acts through a relevant mechanism of carcinogenicity.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Ca ; Listed as: Calcium arsenate (as As)

Ca : NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).

MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 1 ; Listed as: Arsenic acid and its salts: Calcium arsenate

Category 1 : Substances that cause cancer in man and can be assumed to make a significant contribution to cancer risk. Epidemiological studies provide adequate evidence of a positive correlation between the exposure of humans and the occurence of cancer. Limited epidemiological data can be substantiated by evidence that the substance causes cancer by a mode of action that is relevant to man.

NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS7778-44-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 1999
- LD50- (ORAL)DOG:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
- LDLo- (ORAL)RABBIT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS7778-44-1 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS7778-44-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS7778-44-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Calcium arsenate (as As)
REL:

TWA:
STEL:
Ceiling: 0.002 mg/m(3) [15-minute]
Carcinogen Listing: (Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s): See Appendix A

IDLH:

IDLH: 5 mg As/m3 (as As)
Note(s): Ca

Ca: NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A).

OSHA PEL Values for CAS7778-44-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS7778-44-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS7778-44-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Calcium arsenate
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS7778-44-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS7778-44-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS7778-44-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Calcium Arsenate
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 1

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

500/10,000
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS7778-44-1 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS7778-44-1 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Listed as Calcium arsenate
Severe Marine Pollutant: No

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS7778-44-1 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Arsenic acid (H3AsO4), calcium salt (2:3)

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1573 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Calcium arsenate

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1573
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: IB8, IP2, IP4, T3, TP33

IB8: Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, 21H2, 31H1 and 31H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, 21HZ2, 31HZ1 and 31HZ2); Fiberboard (11G); Wooden (11C, 11D and 11F); Flexible (13H1, 13H2, 13H3, 13H4, 13H5, 13L1, 13L2, 13L3, 13L4, 13M1 or 13M2).
IP2: When IBCs other than metal or rigid plastics IBCs are used, they must be offered for transportation in a closed freight container or a closed transport vehicle.
IP4: Flexible, fiberboard or wooden IBCs must be sift-proof and water-resistant or be fitted with a sift-proof and water-resistant liner.
T3: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(2).
TP33: The portable tank instruction assigned for this substance applies for granular and powdered solids and for solids which are filled and discharged at temperatures above their melting point which are cooled and transported as a solid mass. Solid substances transported or offered for transport above their melting point are authorized for transportation in portable tanks conforming to the provisions of portable tank instruction T4 for solid substances of packing group III or T7 for solid substances of packing group II, unless a tank with more stringent requirements for minimum shell thickness, maximum allowable working pressure, pressure-relief devices or bottom outlets are assigned in which case the more stringent tank instruction and special provisions shall apply. Filling limits must be in accordance with portable tank special provision TP3. Solids meeting the defnintion of an elevated temperature material must be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 152
Non-bulk packaging: 212
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 25 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 100 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1573 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Calcium arsenate
UN Number: 1573

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS7778-44-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 7778-44-1.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
Arsenic fumes may be generated during a fire.
Since calcium arsenate does not easily burn, extinguish fire using an agent that is suitable for the surrounding fire.
Evacuate immediate area.
Avoid contact with material by wearing appropriate respiratory and chemical protective clothing.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS7778-44-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS7778-44-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Calcium arsenate will be converted to highly toxic arsenic fumes during thermal decomposition (Sax & Lewis, 1989; CHRIS , 1991; HSDB , 1991; EPA, 1985).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Inhalation of calcium arsenate dust in highly toxic; the compound also is an irritant of the skin, upper respiratory tract and eyes (CHRIS , 1991; OHM/TADS , 1991) AAR, 1987; (Proctor et al, 1988).

The dust can produce a contact dermatitis or an allergic sensitivity reaction (Proctor et al, 1988; OHM/TADS , 1991; HSDB , 1991).

Arsenic is a skin carcinogen (IARC, 1973).

Use water spray to suppress suspension of contaminated dusts (OHM/TADS , 1991).

Calcium arsenate emits highly toxic arsenic fumes when heated to decomposition (OHM/TADS , 1991; Sax & Lewis, 1989).

Prolonged exposure to low levels of calcium arsenate is characterized by weakness, anorexia, gastrointestinal disturbances, peripheral neuropathy and skin disorders (Proctor et al, 1988).

Acute or chronic systemic poisoning by sodium arsenic is not common in the workplace (Proctor et al, 1988).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Arsenate may be synergistic with selenium when it is present in drinking water (OHM/TADS , 1999).

Avoid contact with acid (OHM/TADS , 1999).

Calcium arsenate reacts with acids releasing arsine gas (ILO, 1998).

Stability:

Transport: Stable (CHRIS , 1999)

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS7778-44-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS7778-44-1 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Calcium Arsenate
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.0266
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 1.5
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 10
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 13.3
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS7778-44-1 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS7778-44-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 5 mg As/m3 (as As)
Note(s): Ca

(Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A).

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (AAR, 1987).
Do not handle the material without appropriate respiratory and chemical protective equipment (AAR, 1987; (ITI, 1988).
If the container is small, the leak may be stopped by repositioning the opening above the level of the material (EPA, 1985).
Land Spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material (AAR, 1987; (HSDB , 1991).
Water Spill: Dam stream if possible to reduce the flow and prevent further dissipation by water movement (OHM/TADS , 1991).
Water Spill: To remove any undissolved material from the bottom, bottom pumps or underwater vacuum systems may be employed in small bodies of water; dredging may be effective in larger bodies (OHM/TADS , 1991).
Water Spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (slaked lime), crushed limestone, or sodium bicarbonate (AAR, 1987).
Water Spill: Pump water into a suitable container (OHM/TADS , 1991).
Liquids: Take up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal (EPA, 1985).
Solids: Suppress dust suspension in atmosphere (OHM/TADS , 1991).
Solids: Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water (AAR, 1987; (HSDB , 1991).
Solids: With clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover; move container(s) from spill area (AAR, 1987; (EPA, 1985).
Calcium arsenate contaminated waste will have to be transported to a permitted storage, treatment or disposal facility (EPA, 1989).
Arsenic-elemental arsenic wastes should be placed in long-term storage or returned to suppliers or manufacturers for reprocessing (Sittig, 1985).
Treatment: Calcium arsenate can be removed from the water column by co-precipitation or adsorption onto iron oxides (HSDB , 1991; OHM/TADS , 1991).
Treatment: Arsenate species can also be removed by adsorption onto aluminum hydroxide and clays (HSDB , 1991).
Treatment: Alum floc ties up arsenate in insoluble form (OHM/TADS , 1991).
Treatment: Anion exchanges work well on arsenate (OHM/TADS , 1991).
Treatment: Dissolve in minimum amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Add to water until the appearance of white precipitate. Add 6M hydrochloric acid just to dissolve again. Saturate with hydrogen sulfide. After filtration, wash the precipitate, dry. Package and return to suppliers (ITI, 1988; OHM/TADS , 1991; Sittig, 1985).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Do not handle the material without appropriate respiratory and chemical protective equipment.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Contain all contaminated water; treat and dispose as hazardous waste (EPA, 1989).
Land Spill: First, dig a pit or holding area to contain the liquid or solid; neutralize the spill with agricultural lime, crushed limestone or sodium bicarbonate (AAR, 1987; (HSDB , 1991).
Water Spill: In powder form, calcium arsenate will sink or possibly form a white dispersion in water (OHM/TADS , 1991).
Water Spill: Separate calcium arsenate from contaminated water by co-precipitation or adsorption (HSDB , 1991; OHM/TADS , 1991).
Dispose of waste material according to RCRA in a permitted chemical landfill (OHM/TADS , 1991) EPA, 1989).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

WATER: Where calcium arsenate has been applied as a soil sterilant, arsenic was found in concentrations as great as 14 ppm in drainage and run-off after rainfall (HSDB , 1991).

WATER: Calcium arsenate is water soluble, so runoff from fire control or dilution may cause pollution (OHM/TADS , 1991).

WATER: Solubility of calcium arsenate increases with acidity (OHM/TADS , 1991).

AIR: Calcium arsenate is a high air pollution hazard (OHM/TADS , 1991).

AIR: Arsenic fumes may be produced during fire (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

SOIL: Arsenic is strongly held by soils and moves slowly through the soil column (OHM/TADS , 1991).

SOIL: Where used as a soil sterilant, calcium arsenate residuals may remain for up to 8 years in low rainfall areas (HSDB , 1991).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- WATER: In aerobic water, inorganic arsenic(III) is slowly oxidized to arsenic(V) at neutral pH, but the reaction proceeds faster in strongly alkaline or acidic solutions (HSDB , 1991).
- WATER: Calcium arsenate in water will hydrolyze to arsenic acid over a period of time (OHM/TADS , 1991).
- WATER: The ratio of trivalent to pentavalent arsenic will fluctuate depending on the presence of dissolved organic matter and arsenic oxidizing bacteria (HSDB , 1991).
- SOIL: Inorganic arsenicals are natural constituents of soil, and forms of inorganic arsenic may change depending on environmental conditions (EPA, 1988).
- SOIL: In soils arsenic is converted to arsenates except under highly reducing conditions (HSDB , 1991).
- SOIL: Adsorption of arsenate ions to hydrous oxides of iron and aluminum appears to be the major factor in soil retention (HSDB , 1991).
- SOIL: Arsenate residues in soil exist in the water-soluble form or as salts. The amount of any one form varies, depending on the amount of cation present (HSDB , 1991).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

FOOD CHAIN: Calcium arsenate does not concentrate in the food chain, although some aquatic species show limited concentrative ability (OHM/TADS , 1991; CHRIS , 1991).

WATER

All water uses are threatened by calcium arsenate pollution (OHM/TADS , 1991).
Calcium arsenate is harmful to aquatic life in very low concentrations (CHRIS , 1991).
Calcium arsenate is slightly toxic to fish and moderately toxic to aquatic invertebrate species (EPA, 1988).
The threshold of toxicity in both fresh and salt water fish is one ppm (OHM/TADS , 1991).
Most arsenical in marine organisms are present in water-soluble organic forms. In all species, inorganic arsenic comprised only O to 7 percent of the total arsenic burden (HSDB , 1991).
Aquatic toxicity to fish in fresh water (OHM/TADS , 1991):

Concentration Exposure Species Effect
(ppm) (hrs)
1.1 48 Perch Toxic
60 16 Minnows Toxic
11.6 36 Minnows Toxic
7.6 240 Bass Toxic

Aquatic toxicity in saltwater: Calcium arsenate was toxic to crabs at an exposure of 4.3 ppm for a period of 264 hours (OHM/TADS , 1991).
No data on waterfowl (CHRIS , 1991).

SOIL

Calcium arsenate is toxic to all plant species (OHM/TADS , 1991).
Concentrations of arsenic as low as 1 mg/L may injure some plants (OHM/TADS , 1991).
Concentrations in excess of 75 ppm will damage foliage (OHM/TADS , 1991).
Arsenic should not exceed 328 ppm in the top 12 inches of soil if cropping is proposed (OHM/TADS , 1991).

Calcium arsenate is moderately toxic to birds (EPA, 1988).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

398.06

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Calcium arsenate is a colorless or white flocculent powder at 15 degrees C and one atmosphere. It is odorless. (AAR, 1998; EPA, 1985; CHRIS , 1999; HSDB , 1999).

Often a pink dye is added for color (HSDB , 1999).

In water, calcium arsenate will sink or appear as a white dispersion (OHM/TADS , 1999).

Grade of purity:

Commercial: Contains 61 percent calcium arsenate and 9 percent calcium arsenite and an excess of lime and calcium carbonate (HSDB , 1999).
The commercial mixture contains 26 percent arsenic and is often colored with a small amount of pink dye (HSDB , 1999).

VAPOR PRESSURE

1.0 mmHg (HSDB , 1991)

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

3.620 (at 20 degrees C) (Lewis, 1996)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

1455 degrees C (HSDB , 1991)

BOILING POINT

No information found at the time of this review.

FLASH POINT

Not Applicable (CHRIS , 1991)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

Not Applicable (CHRIS , 1991)

UPPER

Not Applicable (CHRIS , 1991)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

0.013 g/100 cc (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 1999)

OTHER

DILUTE ACIDS: Soluble (Budavari, 1996)

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