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BUTYL MERCAPTAN

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Classification   |    Detailed evidence-based information

Substances Included Synonyms

Therapeutic Toxic Class

    A) Butyl mercaptan is a solvent used in intermediate organic synthesis. There are 4 isomers: n-butyl mercaptan, sec-butyl mercaptan, iso-butyl mercaptan, and tert-butyl mercaptan.

Specific Substances

    A) n-BUTYL MERCAPTAN
    1) Buthanethiol
    2) Butanethiol
    3) Butyl sulfhydrate
    4) N-Butyl Thioalcohol
    5) Thiobutyl alcohol
    6) CAS 109-79-5
    7) Reference: RTECS, 1991
    sec-BUTYL MERCAPTAN
    1) 2-Butanethiol
    2) sec-Butyl thioalcohol
    3) CAS 513-53-1
    4) Reference: RTECS, 1991
    iso-BUTYL MERCAPTAN
    1) 2-Methyl-1-propanethiol
    2) CAS 513-44-0
    3) Reference: RTECS, 1991
    tert-BUTYL MERCAPTAN
    1) 2-Methyl-2-propanethiol
    2) CAS 75-66-1
    3) Reference: RTECS, 1991

    1.2.1) MOLECULAR FORMULA
    1) C4-H10-S

Available Forms Sources

    A) FORMS
    1) Butyl mercaptan is a colorless liquid with a strong, obnoxious, garlic-like odor, or a cabbage skunk-like odor (HSDB , 2002).
    B) USES
    1) Butyl mercaptan is used as a solvent and as an intermediate in the production of insecticides, acaricides, herbicides and defoliants. It is also used as a natural gas odorant (HSDB , 2002; Proctor et al, 1988) ACGIH, 1986).
    2) Butyl mercaptan is used as a substrate in many intermediate organic synthesis reactions. It acts as both a catalyst and catalytic poison in various reactions (Proctor et al, 1988).

Overview

Life Support

    A) This overview assumes that basic life support measures have been instituted.

Clinical Effects

    0.2.1) SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
    A) This compound is a mucous membrane irritant which may cause necrosis in high concentrations. It has a smell like skunk, and is easily detectable at sub-toxic concentrations.
    B) Butyl mercaptan has been shown to be a CNS depressant with possible effects including muscular weakness, malaise, headache, nausea, confusion or coma. High concentrations may cause acute lung injury.
    C) Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Contact with the liquid may irritate or burn skin or eyes.
    0.2.4) HEENT
    A) Neck pains were observed in workers exposed to 50 to 500 ppm for one hour. The liquid dropped into rabbit eyes caused slight to moderate irritation.
    0.2.6) RESPIRATORY
    A) High concentrations may produce unconsciousness with cyanosis, respiratory paralysis, and acute lung injury.
    B) Pulmonary edema was seen in animals near lethal concentrations.
    0.2.7) NEUROLOGIC
    A) Narcosis and paralysis may be caused with concentrated vapors. Drowsiness, weakness, and mild depression may be seen at exposures of 50 to 500 ppm for one hour.
    0.2.8) GASTROINTESTINAL
    A) Nausea and vomiting have been reported in humans due to the refractory odor.
    0.2.15) MUSCULOSKELETAL
    A) Muscle weakness and cold extremities may occur with mercaptans exposure.
    0.2.20) REPRODUCTIVE
    A) No teratogenic effect occurred when n-Butyl mercaptan was administered by whole body inhalation in mice and rats. Embryotoxicity observed in mice included increased early resorptions, postimplantation loss, and cleft palate. Cleft palate was not seen in rats.

Laboratory Monitoring

    A) No toxic levels in the serum have been established.

Treatment Overview

    0.4.2) ORAL/PARENTERAL EXPOSURE
    A) The primary toxic symptoms are mucous membrane irritation and narcosis in high concentrations. Treatment is directed at minimizing the irritation by dilution or irrigation, and support of respirations.
    B) DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting.
    C) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
    D) ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.
    E) For significant ingestions, monitor hepatic and kidney functions.
    F) Monitor for CNS depression and subsequent respiratory depression.
    0.4.3) INHALATION EXPOSURE
    A) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
    0.4.4) EYE EXPOSURE
    A) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
    0.4.5) DERMAL EXPOSURE
    A) OVERVIEW
    1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

Range Of Toxicity

    A) No toxic level has been established in humans. The TLV is 0.5 ppm.

Clinical Effects

Summary Of Exposure

    A) This compound is a mucous membrane irritant which may cause necrosis in high concentrations. It has a smell like skunk, and is easily detectable at sub-toxic concentrations.
    B) Butyl mercaptan has been shown to be a CNS depressant with possible effects including muscular weakness, malaise, headache, nausea, confusion or coma. High concentrations may cause acute lung injury.
    C) Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Contact with the liquid may irritate or burn skin or eyes.

Heent

    3.4.1) SUMMARY
    A) Neck pains were observed in workers exposed to 50 to 500 ppm for one hour. The liquid dropped into rabbit eyes caused slight to moderate irritation.
    3.4.2) HEAD
    A) NECK PAINS were observed in 7 workers accidentally exposed to 50 to 500 ppm for 1 hour (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).
    B) FACIAL FLUSHING - Workers exposed to between 50 and 500 ppm had flushing of the face on admission to the hospital (Proctor et al, 1988).
    3.4.3) EYES
    A) MYDRIASIS - Workers exposed to between 50 and 500 ppm had obvious mydriasis on admission to the hospital (Proctor et al, 1988).
    B) SPLASH CONTACT - When the liquid was dropped into the eyes of rabbits, it caused slight to moderate irritation (HSDB , 2002; Proctor et al, 1988).

Respiratory

    3.6.1) SUMMARY
    A) High concentrations may produce unconsciousness with cyanosis, respiratory paralysis, and acute lung injury.
    B) Pulmonary edema was seen in animals near lethal concentrations.
    3.6.2) CLINICAL EFFECTS
    A) RESPIRATORY FINDING
    1) CASE REPORT - Respiratory stimulation was reported in 7 workers exposed to 50 to 500 ppm for 1 hour (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).
    2) High concentrations of mercaptan vapors in the atmosphere may produce unconsciousness with cyanosis, respiratory paralysis, and acute lung injury (ARDS) (HSDB , 2002).
    3.6.3) ANIMAL EFFECTS
    A) ANIMAL STUDIES
    1) ACUTE LUNG INJURY
    a) Pulmonary edema has developed in animals at near lethal concentrations (Proctor et al, 1988).
    2) HYPERVENTILATION
    a) Respiratory stimulation was reported in animals given near lethal exposures (Proctor et al, 1988).
    3) CYANOSIS
    a) Cyanosis ranging from mild to severe was reported in rats exposed to 4020 ppm for 4 hours (Proctor et al, 1988).

Neurologic

    3.7.1) SUMMARY
    A) Narcosis and paralysis may be caused with concentrated vapors. Drowsiness, weakness, and mild depression may be seen at exposures of 50 to 500 ppm for one hour.
    3.7.2) CLINICAL EFFECTS
    A) CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEFICIT
    1) Paralysis or narcosis may be caused by concentrated vapors (ITI, 1985). Seven workers exposed to 50 to 500 ppm for 1 hour experienced mild to severe effects of drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, and CNS depression (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).
    B) HEADACHE
    1) Headache may occur with mercaptans exposure (HSDB , 2002).
    C) SEIZURE
    1) Seizure may occur with mercaptans exposure (HSDB , 2002).
    3.7.3) ANIMAL EFFECTS
    A) ANIMAL STUDIES
    1) CNS DEPRESSION
    a) Very high concentrations in animals caused narcosis, weakness, and staggering gait (Proctor et al, 1988).

Gastrointestinal

    3.8.1) SUMMARY
    A) Nausea and vomiting have been reported in humans due to the refractory odor.
    3.8.2) CLINICAL EFFECTS
    A) NAUSEA AND VOMITING
    1) Nausea and vomiting, have been reported in both human and animals possibly due to the refractory odor (HSDB , 2002; ITI, 1985; Clayton & Clayton, 1981).

Hepatic

    3.9.3) ANIMAL EFFECTS
    A) ANIMAL STUDIES
    1) HEPATOCELLULAR DAMAGE
    a) Hepatic damage was seen on autopsy of nearly fatally poisoned, sacrificed animals (Proctor et al, 1988).

Genitourinary

    3.10.3) ANIMAL EFFECTS
    A) ANIMAL STUDIES
    1) RENAL FUNCTION ABNORMAL
    a) Kidney damage was seen on autopsy of nearly fatally poisoned, sacrificed animals (Proctor et al, 1988).

Dermatologic

    3.14.2) CLINICAL EFFECTS
    A) CHEMICAL BURN
    1) Contact with the liquid may irritate or burn skin (HSDB , 2002).

Musculoskeletal

    3.15.1) SUMMARY
    A) Muscle weakness and cold extremities may occur with mercaptans exposure.
    3.15.2) CLINICAL EFFECTS
    A) MUSCLE WEAKNESS
    1) Muscle weakness and cold extremities may occur with mercaptans exposure (HSDB , 2002).

Reproductive

    3.20.1) SUMMARY
    A) No teratogenic effect occurred when n-Butyl mercaptan was administered by whole body inhalation in mice and rats. Embryotoxicity observed in mice included increased early resorptions, postimplantation loss, and cleft palate. Cleft palate was not seen in rats.
    3.20.2) TERATOGENICITY
    A) LACK OF EFFECT
    1) No teratogenic effect occurred when n-Butyl mercaptan was administered by whole body inhalation at an exposure level of 68 ppm or less in mice and 152 ppm or less in rats. Embryotoxicity observed in mice included increased early resorptions, postimplantation loss, and cleft palate. Cleft palate was not seen in rats (Thomas et al, 1987).

Carcinogenicity

    3.21.1) IARC CATEGORY
    A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS109-79-5 (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004):
    1) Not Listed
    B) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS513-53-1 (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004):
    1) Not Listed
    C) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS513-44-0 (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004):
    1) Not Listed
    D) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS75-66-1 (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004):
    1) Not Listed

Laboratory Monitoring

Monitoring Parameters Levels

    4.1.1) SUMMARY
    A) No toxic levels in the serum have been established.
    4.1.2) SERUM/BLOOD
    A) TOXICITY
    1) No toxic level in the serum has been established.

Treatment

Life Support

    A) Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

Monitoring

    A) No toxic levels in the serum have been established.

Oral Exposure

    6.5.1) PREVENTION OF ABSORPTION/PREHOSPITAL
    A) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
    1) PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION
    a) Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).
    1) In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
    2) The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).
    2) CHARCOAL DOSE
    a) Use a minimum of 240 milliliters of water per 30 grams charcoal (FDA, 1985). Optimum dose not established; usual dose is 25 to 100 grams in adults and adolescents; 25 to 50 grams in children aged 1 to 12 years (or 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram body weight) ; and 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram in infants up to 1 year old (Chyka et al, 2005).
    1) Routine use of a cathartic with activated charcoal is NOT recommended as there is no evidence that cathartics reduce drug absorption and cathartics are known to cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances and occasionally hypotension (None Listed, 2004).
    b) ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS
    1) Complications: emesis, aspiration (Chyka et al, 2005). Aspiration may be complicated by acute respiratory failure, ARDS, bronchiolitis obliterans or chronic lung disease (Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002; Pollack et al, 1981; Harris & Filandrinos, 1993; Elliot et al, 1989; Rau et al, 1988; Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002). Refer to the ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/TREATMENT management for further information.
    2) Contraindications: unprotected airway (increases risk/severity of aspiration) , nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tract, uncontrolled vomiting, and ingestion of most hydrocarbons (Chyka et al, 2005).
    6.5.2) PREVENTION OF ABSORPTION
    A) DILUTION
    1) DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting (Caravati, 2004).
    B) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
    1) CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION
    a) Consider administration of activated charcoal after a potentially toxic ingestion (Chyka et al, 2005). Administer charcoal as an aqueous slurry; most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion.
    2) CHARCOAL DOSE
    a) Use a minimum of 240 milliliters of water per 30 grams charcoal (FDA, 1985). Optimum dose not established; usual dose is 25 to 100 grams in adults and adolescents; 25 to 50 grams in children aged 1 to 12 years (or 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram body weight) ; and 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram in infants up to 1 year old (Chyka et al, 2005).
    1) Routine use of a cathartic with activated charcoal is NOT recommended as there is no evidence that cathartics reduce drug absorption and cathartics are known to cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances and occasionally hypotension (None Listed, 2004).
    b) ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS
    1) Complications: emesis, aspiration (Chyka et al, 2005). Aspiration may be complicated by acute respiratory failure, ARDS, bronchiolitis obliterans or chronic lung disease (Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002; Pollack et al, 1981; Harris & Filandrinos, 1993; Elliot et al, 1989; Rau et al, 1988; Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002). Refer to the ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/TREATMENT management for further information.
    2) Contraindications: unprotected airway (increases risk/severity of aspiration) , nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tract, uncontrolled vomiting, and ingestion of most hydrocarbons (Chyka et al, 2005).
    6.5.3) TREATMENT
    A) ACUTE LUNG INJURY
    1) ONSET: Onset of acute lung injury after toxic exposure may be delayed up to 24 to 72 hours after exposure in some cases.
    2) NON-PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT: The treatment of acute lung injury is primarily supportive (Cataletto, 2012). Maintain adequate ventilation and oxygenation with frequent monitoring of arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry. If a high FIO2 is required to maintain adequate oxygenation, mechanical ventilation and positive-end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may be required; ventilation with small tidal volumes (6 mL/kg) is preferred if ARDS develops (Haas, 2011; Stolbach & Hoffman, 2011).
    a) To minimize barotrauma and other complications, use the lowest amount of PEEP possible while maintaining adequate oxygenation. Use of smaller tidal volumes (6 mL/kg) and lower plateau pressures (30 cm water or less) has been associated with decreased mortality and more rapid weaning from mechanical ventilation in patients with ARDS (Brower et al, 2000). More treatment information may be obtained from ARDS Clinical Network website, NIH NHLBI ARDS Clinical Network Mechanical Ventilation Protocol Summary, http://www.ardsnet.org/node/77791 (NHLBI ARDS Network, 2008)
    3) FLUIDS: Crystalloid solutions must be administered judiciously. Pulmonary artery monitoring may help. In general the pulmonary artery wedge pressure should be kept relatively low while still maintaining adequate cardiac output, blood pressure and urine output (Stolbach & Hoffman, 2011).
    4) ANTIBIOTICS: Indicated only when there is evidence of infection (Artigas et al, 1998).
    5) EXPERIMENTAL THERAPY: Partial liquid ventilation has shown promise in preliminary studies (Kollef & Schuster, 1995).
    6) CALFACTANT: In a multicenter, randomized, blinded trial, endotracheal instillation of 2 doses of 80 mL/m(2) calfactant (35 mg/mL of phospholipid suspension in saline) in infants, children, and adolescents with acute lung injury resulted in acute improvement in oxygenation and lower mortality; however, no significant decrease in the course of respiratory failure measured by duration of ventilator therapy, intensive care unit, or hospital stay was noted. Adverse effects (transient hypoxia and hypotension) were more frequent in calfactant patients, but these effects were mild and did not require withdrawal from the study (Wilson et al, 2005).
    7) However, in a multicenter, randomized, controlled, and masked trial, endotracheal instillation of up to 3 doses of calfactant (30 mg) in adults only with acute lung injury/ARDS due to direct lung injury was not associated with improved oxygenation and longer term benefits compared to the placebo group. It was also associated with significant increases in hypoxia and hypotension (Willson et al, 2015).
    B) MONITORING OF PATIENT
    1) For significant ingestions, monitor hepatic and kidney function. Damage has occurred to animals who have been exposed to large amounts.
    2) Monitor for CNS depression, and subsequent respiratory depression.

Inhalation Exposure

    6.7.1) DECONTAMINATION
    A) Move patient from the toxic environment to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty in breathing develops, evaluate for hypoxia, respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis.
    B) OBSERVATION: Carefully observe patients with inhalation exposure for the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.
    C) INITIAL TREATMENT: Administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen, perform endotracheal intubation and provide assisted ventilation as required. Administer inhaled beta-2 adrenergic agonists, if bronchospasm develops. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm (National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute, 2007). Exposed skin and eyes should be flushed with copious amounts of water.

Eye Exposure

    6.8.1) DECONTAMINATION
    A) EYE IRRIGATION, ROUTINE: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, an ophthalmologic examination should be performed (Peate, 2007; Naradzay & Barish, 2006).

Dermal Exposure

    6.9.1) DECONTAMINATION
    A) DERMAL DECONTAMINATION
    1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

Range Of Toxicity

Summary

    A) No toxic level has been established in humans. The TLV is 0.5 ppm.

Minimum Lethal Exposure

    A) GENERAL/SUMMARY
    1) No minimum lethal exposure has been established for butyl mercaptan, however a TCLo value of 10 mg/m(3)/3h has been determined (ITI, 1988).

Maximum Tolerated Exposure

    A) ANIMAL DATA
    1) No effect was noted in guinea pigs when 0.2 milliliter was applied to the clipped skin for 10 days (NIOSH, 1978).

Workplace Standards

    A) ACGIH TLV Values for CAS109-79-5 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):
    1) Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.
    a) Adopted Value
    1) n-Butyl mercaptan
    a) TLV:
    1) TLV-TWA: 0.5 ppm
    2) TLV-STEL:
    3) TLV-Ceiling:
    b) Notations and Endnotes:
    1) Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
    2) Codes: Not Listed
    3) Definitions: Not Listed
    c) TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): URT irr
    d) Molecular Weight: 90.19
    1) For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):
    a) [(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45
    2) For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:
    a) [(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance
    e) Additional information:

    B) ACGIH TLV Values for CAS513-53-1 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):
    1) Not Listed

    C) ACGIH TLV Values for CAS513-44-0 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):
    1) Not Listed

    D) ACGIH TLV Values for CAS75-66-1 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):
    1) Not Listed

    E) NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS109-79-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
    1) Listed as: n-Butyl mercaptan
    2) REL:
    a) TWA:
    b) STEL:
    c) Ceiling: 0.5 ppm (1.8 mg/m(3)) [15-minute]
    d) Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
    e) Skin Designation: Not Listed
    f) Note(s):
    3) IDLH:
    a) IDLH: 500 ppm
    b) Note(s): Not Listed

    F) NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS513-53-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
    1) Not Listed

    G) NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS513-44-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
    1) Not Listed

    H) NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS75-66-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
    1) Not Listed

    I) Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS109-79-5 :
    1) ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: n-Butyl mercaptan
    2) EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
    3) IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
    4) NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: n-Butyl mercaptan
    5) MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
    6) NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

    J) Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS513-53-1 :
    1) ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
    2) EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
    3) IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
    4) NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
    5) MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
    6) NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

    K) Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS513-44-0 :
    1) ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
    2) EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
    3) IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
    4) NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
    5) MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
    6) NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

    L) Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS75-66-1 :
    1) ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
    2) EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
    3) IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
    4) NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
    5) MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
    6) NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

    M) OSHA PEL Values for CAS109-79-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):
    1) Listed as: Butyl mercaptan
    2) Table Z-1 for Butyl mercaptan:
    a) 8-hour TWA:
    1) ppm: 10
    a) Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.
    2) mg/m3: 35
    a) Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.
    3) Ceiling Value:
    4) Skin Designation: No
    5) Notation(s): Not Listed

    N) OSHA PEL Values for CAS513-53-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):
    1) Not Listed

    O) OSHA PEL Values for CAS513-44-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):
    1) Not Listed

    P) OSHA PEL Values for CAS75-66-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):
    1) Not Listed

Toxicity Information

    7.7.1) TOXICITY VALUES
    A) References: RTECS, 2002 ITI, 1988
    1) LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
    a) 399 mg/kg
    2) LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
    a) 1500 mg/kg
    3) TCLo- (INHALATION)HUMAN:
    a) 10 mg/m(3) for 3H

Pharmacology Toxicology

Pharmacologic Mechanism

    A) Butyl mercaptan binds to microsomal cytochrome P-450 (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).

Physicochemical

Physical Characteristics

    A) Butyl mercaptan is a colorless to yellow liquid that floats on water and has a skunk-like odor (CHRIS , 1991).
    B) It is a colorless liquid with a strong, obnoxious, garlic-like odor, or a cabbage skunk-like odor (HSDB , 2002).
    C) This compound has a bitter taste in low concentrations (HSDB , 2002).

Ph

    A) 5.8 (calculated for a 0.1 mol aqueous solution) (CHEMINFO, 1990)

Molecular Weight

    A) 90.19 (Budavari, 2001)

Other

    A) ODOR THRESHOLD
    1) 0.001 ppm (CHRIS , 2002).

References

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