BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

STCC NUMBER

4923305

MOLECULAR FORMULA

Be-Cl2

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

154-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(HSDB , 1992; RTECS , 1992)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

It is a halide salt of beryllium that is used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of beryllium. The anhydrous form of beryllium chloride is used as an acid catalyst in organic reactions (Budavari, 1989; HSDB , 1992; Lewis, 1992).

FORMS

Beryllium chloride will occur as very deliquescent, orthorhombic crystals, or crystalline mass like needles, that are white to faintly yellow (Budavari, 1989; Lewis, 1992).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Beryllium chloride should be considered potentially harmful. The most common route of exposure is by inhalation and dermal contact.

Beryllium chloride is an acidic salt that burns eyes and skin. Acute beryllium poisoning consists of irritation of conjunctivae, skin ulcerations, nose bleeds and nasal discharge, headache, fatigue, fever, and chest pain. Acute beryllium pneumonitis may result from both high and low exposures, and recovery may occur within one to six months. Right heart failure, due to increased pulmonary arterial resistance, occurs with acute exposures.

It will be acutely irritating to the skin, eyelids, and mucous membranes. Contact dermatitis may develop. Water-soluble salts, like beryllium chloride, will cause ulcers on passing through broken skin. Decreased pulmonary function can occur with acute exposures.

Short-term, high concentration exposures to dust simulate first and second degree burns. Persistent burning sensation and photophobia may develop, with recovery within 5 to 10 days.

Chronic beryllium disease is an idiosyncratic disorder; only about 1 to 20 of the most heavily exposed worker groups is affected. Inhalation of beryllium dust can produce progressive pulmonary granulomatosis and systemic diseases of the lymph nodes, liver, bones, and kidney.

Symptoms of chronic disease begin with coughing, shortness of breath, loss of appetite, as well as fatigue. Cyanosis is common; pulse and respiratory rates are elevated. Red blood cell count is often elevated. Clinical improvement may occur during several years following removal from the exposure. No treatment is available for berylliosis.

Studies of beryllium workers have found increased rates of granulomatous hepatitis, and reduce pulmonary function due to the fibrosis caused by berylliosis. Beryllium was a sensitizer in a footpad reaction and macrophage migration tests on mice, and in rats. It is a chronic allergen.

Lung cancers have been observed in workers who developed acute bronchitis secondary to beryllium exposure. IARC classifies beryllium as Group 1 (carcinogenic to humans).

Beryllium was embryotoxic and teratogenic by exerting toxic effects on the mother and fetus. Both beryllium chloride and beryllium oxide cross the placenta. Beryllium chloride was mutagenic in E coli and in hamster lung cells.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

CONTAMINATED CLOTHING -

Contaminated clothing should be removed and segregated so that no direct personal exposure occurs during handling and cleaning (HSDB , 1992).

INHALATION EXPOSURE -

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
Consider chest X-ray after exposure. If dyspnea occurs, administer oxygen. If apnea is present give artificial respiration. Immediately hospitalize in acute exposure cases and observe for 72 hours for onset of pneumonitis (HSDB , 1992).

EYE EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Thoroughly cleanse any skin that may have embedded beryllium.

ORAL EXPOSURE -

DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting.
Material may be irritating or caustic depending on concentration. Emesis should be used with caution, if at all.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

ANIMAL DATA

Rats fed 18 mg/kg/d for two years remained healthy (OHM/TADS , 1992).
Dogs remained healthy after being fed 10 mg/kg/d beryllium sulfate (OHM/TADS , 1992).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7787-47-5 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 1 ; Listed as: Beryllium chloride

1 : The agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are carcinogenic to humans. This category is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Exceptionally, an agent (mixture) may be placed in this category when evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is less than sufficient but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence in exposed humans that the agent (mixture) acts through a relevant mechanism of carcinogenicity.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS7787-47-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 1992 Sax & Lewis, 1992)
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS7787-47-5 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS7787-47-5 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS7787-47-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS7787-47-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS7787-47-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS7787-47-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Beryllium chloride
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS7787-47-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS7787-47-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS7787-47-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS7787-47-5 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS7787-47-5 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS7787-47-5 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Beryllium chloride (BeCl2)

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS7787-47-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

HANDLING

It can be shipped via air, rail, road, and water (HSDB , 1992).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Keep beryllium chloride in dry, tightly closed containers (Budavari, 1989).
Protect containers from physical damage (HSDB , 1992).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Storage areas must be kept dry (HSDB , 1992).
Store under ambient conditions with open venting (CHRIS , 1992).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Do not store with acids, caustics, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and oxidizers (HSDB , 1992).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 7787-47-5.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
- Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
- Containers may explode when heated.
Beryllium chloride is non-flammable; however, toxic gases and particulates are released during a fire (HSDB , 1992).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS7787-47-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS7787-47-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Extinguish small fires using dry chemical, Halon, carbon dioxide, water spray, or standard foam. For large fires, extinguish using water spray, fog, or standard foam (HSDB , 1992).

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (AAR, 1987).
Do not use water on fires adjacent to beryllium chloride (CHRIS , 1992).
Keep material out of water sources and sewers (AAR, 1987).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

A highly toxic aerosol may be formed in a fire. Toxic and irritating gases and fumes, including beryllium oxide fumes and chloride gas, are generated during decomposition (OHM/TADS , 1992; Lewis, 1992).
- A toxic and irritating vapor of unburned material may be formed when beryllium chloride is involved in a fire (CHRIS , 1992; HSDB , 1992; Lewis, 1992).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Flammable or explosive hydrogen gas will evolve from the build-up of beryllium chloride in contact water/moisture in confined spaces (CHRIS , 1992; HSDB , 1992).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Beryllium chloride dust is extremely toxic; avoid breathing, as well as skin and mucous membrane contact.

REACTIVITY HAZARD

When beryllium chloride is mixed with large quantities of water, a vigorous reaction will generate heat; it will dissolve, then precipitate (Budavari, 1989; CHRIS , 1992; OHM/TADS , 1992).

Heat of solution: Minus 557 cal/g (CHRIS , 1992)
It is readily hydrolyzed by water vapor or in aqueous solutions (Budavari, 1989; HSDB , 1992) Sax & Lewis, 1992).
Mixed with large quantities of water, beryllium chloride in addition to heat, will generate beryllium oxide, hydrogen chloride gas, and hydrochloric acid solution (CHRIS , 1992; HSDB , 1992).
Flammable and explosive hydrogen gas may be collected in confined spaces (CHRIS , 1992).

It will react with the metal halides: disulfur dinitride and tetrasulfur tetranitride (OHM/TADS , 1992).

Corrodes most metals in the presence of water (CHRIS , 1992).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate enclosed areas.

Issue POISON warning and restrict access (CHRIS , 1992).

Beach/shore restoration: Restrict access to public until clean-up is completed (CHRIS , 1992; OHM/TADS , 1992).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS7787-47-5 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS7787-47-5 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Beryllium chloride
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.000443
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 0.006
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 0.0443
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 35.5
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS7787-47-5 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS7787-47-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Flammable or explosive hydrogen gas will build-up when beryllium chloride mixes with water/moisture in enclosed spaces (CHRIS , 1992; HSDB , 1992).
May be dangerous if it enters water intakes; notify nearby water plant operators, health and wildlife officials (CHRIS , 1992).
Shovel dry spills of beryllium chloride into impervious containers for later disposal. Use sand or other absorbent materials to collect liquid, then dispose in appropriate container (HSDB , 1992).
Beryllium chloride is hygroscopic, so cover solids with plastic sheets to prevent dissolving in rain or fire-fighting water (AAR, 1987).
Water Spill: Dam stream to reduce flow of beryllium chloride. Build a dike far ahead to contain; and dig a pit, lagoon, or holding area to collect large leaks/spills (AAR, 1987; (HSDB , 1992; OHM/TADS , 1992).
Water Spill: Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants or precipitates (AAR, 1987).
Before using land disposal, consult with environmental regulatory agencies (HSDB , 1992).
Treatment: Incinerate beryllium chloride waste for conversion to chemically inert oxides (HSDB , 1992).
Treatment: Use either chemical or physical treatment to remove from water or soil (CHRIS , 1992).
Treatment: Agricultural lime, crushed limestone, or sodium bicarbonate can be used to neutralize beryllium chloride. Adjust pH to neutral (pH = 7). Will form a precipitate with lime (AAR, 1987; (OHM/TADS , 1992).
Treatment: Cation exchangers or beryllium precipitating agents such as carbon dioxide or carbonate solution will ameliorate a spill (OHM/TADS , 1992).
Treatment: To dispose of small quantities, dissolve in 6M hydrochloric acid; filter; and treat filtrate with slight excess of 6M sodium hydroxide. Boil, settle precipitate for 12 hours, filter and dispose (OHM/TADS , 1992).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Seek professional assistance through EPA's Environmental Response Team in Edison NJ; 24 hour phone number - 201-3216660.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Beryllium was detected in 15 US river basin surface waters at concentrations below at or 0.22 mcg/L (HSDB , 1992).

US drinking water is contaminated with concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.7 mcg/L (HSDB , 1992).

Water uses threatened include recreation, fisheries, and irrigation (OHM/TADS , 1992).

It is harmful to aquatic life in low concentrations (OHM/TADS , 1992).

It may be dangerous if it enters water intakes. Local health and wildlife officials must be notified (OHM/TADS , 1992).

Beryllium bioaccumulates in certain macrohydrophytes exposed to environments polluted by industrial dust and waste materials. The beryllium content of contaminated macrohydrophytes ranged between 0.7 to 136.6 mcg/g (Sarosiek & Kosiba, 1993).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- SOIL: Beryllium chloride acts like aluminum in soil undergoing isomorphic substitution in secondary clay minerals, as well as cation replacement. It precipitates as a phosphate salt at pH 6 and loses its phytotoxicity effects (OHM/TADS , 1992).
- Beryllium should not exceed 0.5 ppm in soil to avoid phytotoxic damage. Thresholds of phytotoxicity range from 0.02 to 0.5 ppm (OHM/TADS , 1992).
- WATER: Beryllium chloride precipitates as a phosphate salt at pH 6 and loses its phytotoxicity effects (OHM/TADS , 1992).
- BIOCONCENTRATION: Beryllium chloride is excreted rapidly, although a potential exists for accumulation in marine and freshwater plants, fish, and the food chain. Under constant exposure conditions, it will concentrate 100-fold in food chain. This would not be significant in spill conditions (CHRIS , 1992; OHM/TADS , 1992).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

PUBLISHED VALUES (HSDB , 1992):

1. LC50 GOLDFISH: 4800 mcg/L
2. LC50 FATHEAD MINNOW: 3250 mcg/L
3. LC50 FATHEAD MINNOW: 150 mcg/L/96 hrs
4. LC50 FLAGFISH: 3350 mcg/L
5. LC50 BLUEGILL: 1300 mcg/L/96 hrs
6. EC50 Daphnia magna: 2500 mcg/L/48 hr

Livestock Toxicity: 3000 ppm (OHM/TADS , 1992)

At an acid pH, beryllium chloride is very toxic to plants (OHM/TADS , 1992).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

79.93

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Beryllium chloride is white to faintly yellow with a sharp, acrid odor and sweet taste (CHRIS, 2005; Budavari, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1987).

It will occur as orthorhombic crystals or a crystalline mass that is white to faintly yellow (Budavari, 1989).

The aqueous solution is strongly acidic (Budavari, 1989).

VAPOR PRESSURE

1 mmHg (at 291 degrees C) (sublimes) (Sax & Lewis, 1992)

20 mmHg (at 365 degrees C) (OHM/TADS, 2005)

DENSITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
SOLID: 1.9 g/cm(3) (Budavari, 1989)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

399.2-440 degrees C (probably closer to 399.2 degrees C) (Budavari, 1989)

BOILING POINT

482.3 degrees C (Budavari, 1989)

FLASH POINT

Beryllium chloride does not ignite easily (AAR, 1987; (CHRIS , 1992).

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

Non-flammable (CHRIS, 2005)

UPPER

Non-flammable (CHRIS, 2005)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Beryllium chloride is very soluble in water, but the reaction evolves heat. It will dissolve, then precipitate in water (OHM/TADS, 2005; Budavari, 1989) .

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

soluble in alcohol, ether, pyridine carbon disulfide; insoluble in benzene and toluene (Budavari, 1989)

OTHER

insoluble in acetone and ammonia (HSDB, 2005)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

HEAT OF FUSION

30 cal/g (CHRIS, 2005)

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BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents