BENTAZON

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C10-H12-N2-O3-S

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

151-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(CambridgeSoft, 1997;(HSDB , 1997; RTECS , 1997; Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996; Ashford, 1994)Sittig, 1991

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Bentazon is a selective post-emergence heterocyclic nitrogen herbicide used on large seeded legumes and some grass crops for control of annual broadleaf weeds and yellow nutsedge and shoot removal or perennial broadleaf weeds. It controls numerous dicotyledonous weeds and various Cyperaceae. It selectively controls many sedge weeds which grow among soybeans, rice, corn, sorghum, peanuts, beans (dry or succulent), peas (dry or succulent), peppers, established peppermint and spearmint, established ornamental turf, and Bohemian chili peppers. It is a contact herbicide and inhibits photosynthesis in the target plant (HSDB, 2003; Budavari, 2001; Ashford, 1994; Huber & Otto, 1994).
Application rates range from 0.75 lb active ingredient (a.i.)/acre to 2 lbs a.i./acre. These rates vary by crop geographic region, target species, and site conditions (EPA, 1988).
EPA (1994) reports that bentazon may be applied either aerially or using ground equipment.
The effectiveness of this compound increases with temperature, and rain within eight hours of application will reduce its effectiveness (EXTOXNET, 1996).

FORMS

Pure bentazon is a colorless or white to slightly brown, odorless crystalline powder (HSDB, 2003; Budavari, 2001; EXTOXNET, 1996). It is usually supplied as the soluble sodium salt for herbicide use (HSDB, 2003).

SOURCES

Bentazon is produced by the reaction of anthranilic acid with isopropylsulfamoyl chloride to N-(isopropylsulfamoyl) anthranilic acid which is then cyclized with phosgene to make bentazon (HSDB, 2003).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

Bentazon is a polar, acidic herbicide belonging to the tiodiazine family. It is moderately toxic by skin contact and ingestion. It is moderately irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. Ingestion may result in nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspnea, tremors, weakness, and CNS depression. Human poisoning mimicking neuroleptic malignant syndrome has been reported. Onset of symptoms may occur within 30 minutes of ingestion.
Bentazon herbicides are generally formulated as aqueous solutions. Thus, toxicity due to solvents and surfactants is usually not seen.
Fever, tachycardia, metabolic acidosis, acute renal failure, and respiratory failure have been reported after suicidal ingestions.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Bentazon is irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes (Morgan, 1989). Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhea, dyspnea, weakness, and tremors (HSDB , 1997). Apathy, ataxia, prostration, tremors, anorexia, and occasional vomiting and diarrhea have been noted in experimental animals (HSDB , 1997).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

At the time of this review, no data were available to assess the effects of chronic exposure to bentazon. A study of subchronic exposure in sheep found effects on certain types of lymphocytes, suggesting that a complete evaluation with attention to physiological responses of immune system cells might be valuable (Mikula et al, 1992).

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

SUMMARY

Exposure to small amounts of bentazon is generally NOT expected to result in significant toxicity. Gastrointestinal decontamination should only be needed after large ingestions. For accidental ingestions in children, rinsing the mouth, washing exposed skin and dilution with a few sips of water should be sufficient.

EMESIS/NOT RECOMMENDED

Emesis is not recommended, although spontaneous vomiting may occur. CNS depression may occur rapidly after large ingestions, with symptoms developing within 30 minutes.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

CHARCOAL DOSE

Use a minimum of 240 milliliters of water per 30 grams charcoal (FDA, 1985). Optimum dose not established; usual dose is 25 to 100 grams in adults and adolescents; 25 to 50 grams in children aged 1 to 12 years (or 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram body weight) ; and 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram in infants up to 1 year old (Chyka et al, 2005).

Routine use of a cathartic with activated charcoal is NOT recommended as there is no evidence that cathartics reduce drug absorption and cathartics are known to cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances and occasionally hypotension (None Listed, 2004).

ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS

Complications: emesis, aspiration (Chyka et al, 2005). Aspiration may be complicated by acute respiratory failure, ARDS, bronchiolitis obliterans or chronic lung disease (Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002; Pollack et al, 1981; Harris & Filandrinos, 1993; Elliot et al, 1989; Rau et al, 1988; Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002). Refer to the ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/TREATMENT management for further information.
Contraindications: unprotected airway (increases risk/severity of aspiration) , nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tract, uncontrolled vomiting, and ingestion of most hydrocarbons (Chyka et al, 2005).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

GENERAL

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water. Following ingestion, measures to decrease absorption may be useful if the patient is seen soon after the exposure.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Because of the potential for tremors or weakness, do not induce emesis.
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

Ingestion of 500 mL of FIGHTER(R) (bentazon 480 g/L water) has been fatal (Turcant et al, 2003)

CASE REPORT - A 31-year-old man developed acute renal failure and respiratory failure after ingesting approximately 200 mL (1,764 mg/kg, 88.2 g total) of a solution containing 44.1% bentazone. The patient died on the third hospital day (approximately 6 days post-ingestion) (Wu et al, 2008).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

A World Health Organization drinking water quality guideline value for bentazon of 25-30 micrograms/liter is recommended. This value was calculated as 10% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI), which in turn was calculated from available toxicological studies (Huber & Otto, 1994; Kello, 1989). The ADI, based on results of a long-term study in rats, is set at 0.1 milligram/kilogram body weight/day (Huber & Otto, 1994).

ADULT

CASE REPORT - Following the ingestion of 132 grams of bentazon in a water vehicle, a 27-year-old male developed symptoms mimicking neuroleptic malignant syndrome (fever, vomiting, sinus tachycardia, muscle rigidity, rhabdomyolysis, drowsiness). Symptoms improved following 3 doses of bromocriptine over a one-day period (Lin et al, 1999).
CASE REPORT - A 23-year-old man developed nausea, vomiting, gastritis, and acute renal failure after ingesting 80 mL (569 mg/kg) of a solution containing 44.1% bentazone. With supportive care, the patient recovered and was discharged approximately 5 days post-ingestion (Wu et al, 2008).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS25057-89-0 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): E ; Listed as: Bentazon (Basagran)

E : Evidence of non-carcinogenicity for humans.

IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS25057-89-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD: 3.0x10(-2) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 2003 HSDB, 2003 Lewis, 1996 EXTOXNET, 1993 Sittig, 1991)
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)CAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)DOG:
- LD50- (ORAL)LABORATORY_QUAIL:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS25057-89-0 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS25057-89-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS25057-89-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS25057-89-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS25057-89-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS25057-89-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS25057-89-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS25057-89-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS25057-89-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS25057-89-0 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS25057-89-0 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS25057-89-0 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: 1H-2,1,3-Benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one, 3-(1-methylethyl)-, 2,2-dioxide

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS25057-89-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

Potential for exposure exists for persons involved in the manufacture, formulation, or application of this selective postemergent herbicide ((EPA, 1994); Pohanish, 2002). When handling undiluted product, wear goggles, impermeable gloves and apron, protective clothing and boots.

SPILL CONTROL/CLEANUP

For solid spillage of bentazon, pick up with an industrial vacuum cleaner and dispose of in accordance with local regulations. A large liquid spillage should be dammed-off and pumped into containers. Soak up remaining spillage with absorbent material and dispose of in accordance with local regulations (Prod Info Bentazon, 2002).

HANDLING

EPA (1994) advises that this compound be used for terrestrial uses only. It should not be applied directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean water mark.

Clothes which have become contaminated with this compound should be removed immediately and washed separate from other laundry. The outside of gloves should be washed before removing. If bentazon gets inside clothing, remove the clothing immediately, wash thoroughly, and put on clean clothing ((EPA, 1994)).

Workers should wash their hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet ((EPA, 1994)).

STORAGE

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

When stored at 50 degrees, the stability of bentazon was unchanged after three months. Keep from freezing (EXTOXNET, 1993).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

When exposed to strong oxidizers, this compound poses a fire and explosion hazard and may pose a fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame (EXTOXNET, 1993).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 25057-89-0.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
Bentazon may be a slight fire hazard if exposed to heat or flame and may pose a fire and explosion hazard in the presence of strong oxidizers (EXTOXNET, 1993).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS25057-89-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS25057-89-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Keep from strong oxidizers (EXTOXNET, 1993).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Bentazon, when heated to decomposition, emits very toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen (Lewis, 1996).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

When exposed to strong oxidizers, bentazon poses a fire and explosion hazard (EXTOXNET, 1993).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS25057-89-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS25057-89-0 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS25057-89-0 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS25057-89-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

RECYCLING/RECLAMATION

When disposing of equipment washwater or rinsate, do not contaminate water sources ((EPA, 1994)).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Bentazon is an experimental teratogen (Lewis, 1996).

When bentazon is applied to postemergent young plants, it may be absorbed and translocated from the site of application. The extent of translocation depends on the plant species. Due to its mobility in runoff water for all crops and its rice use pattern that involves either direct application to water or application to fields prior to flooding, bentazon does have the potential for contaminating surface water (EPA, 1988).

This compound exceeds levels of concern for groundwater quality and may also impact surface water quality . Although this compound is not regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), the EPA (1994) has established a lifetime Health Advisory (HA) of 20 parts per billion (ppb) for bentazon. This limit will likely be increased to 200 ppb ((EPA, 1994)).

Humans may be exposed to bentazon through the diet. Tolerances or maximum residue limits have been established for beans, corn, mint, peanuts, peas, peppers, rice, sorghum, and soybeans. Tolerances for animal commodities such as milk, eggs, and the fat, meat, and meat byproducts of cattle, goats, hogs, poultry, and sheep have also been established ((EPA, 1994)).

A NOAEL (no-observed adverse effect level) of 2.5 mg/kg/day has been determined by EPA, based on the absence of prostatic effects in dogs. A longer-term health advisory of 0.875 mg/L for a 70 kg adult and a lifetime health advisory of 0.03 mg/kg/bwt/day over a 70 year lifetime have also been established ((EPA, 1994); Sittig, 1991).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

Bentazon photolyzes in sunlight by oxidation and dimerization, evolving sulfur dioxide in the process (Verschueren, 2001).
Neely partitioning: 86.21% (EXTOXNET, 1993).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- It is very resistent to hydrolysis (Verschueren, 2001).
- After 13H in UV light, 50% decomposed (Verschueren, 2001).
- Bentazon photodegrades in water with a half-life of less than 24 hours. It appears to be stable to hydrolysis (EPA, 1988).
- Neely partitioning: 5.64% (EXTOXNET, 1993).
GROUND WATER
- Its relatively rapid degradation in soil is expected to prevent groundwater contamination (EPA, 1988).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Bentazon is rapidly metabolized and is very mobile in soil (EPA, 1988).
- Under aerobic conditions in both laboratory and field, bentazon has a half-life of less than one month (EPA, 1988). This compound reaches undetectable levels in soil six weeks after application (EXTOXNET, 1993). Bentazon has a low binding affinity to soil and therefore may leach into groundwater and runoff into surface water, but its relatively rapid degradation is expected to prevent groundwater contamination (EXTOXNET, 1993; (EPA, 1994)). This compound also photodegrades in soil and is subject to biodegradation (EXTOXNET, 1993; EPA, 1988). Typical soil degradation products of this compound include AIBA (very mobile, but not persistent) and N-methylbentazon (not mobile) ((EPA, 1994)).
- Neely partitioning: 4.21% (ground) (EXTOXNET, 1993).
- Neely partitioning: 3.91% (hydrosoil) (EXTOXNET, 1993).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

Bentazon may be absorbed and translocated upon application to post-emergent plants. In soil, it may be very mobile, as it not likely to bind to soil. However, it degrades quickly in soil, limiting its potential for migration to groundwater. Terrestrial degradation may be due to photolysis or biodegradation. It does not hydrolyze, but photodegrades in water. Photolysis is also the degradation process in air (Verschueren, 2001; EXTOXNET, 1993; EPA, 1988).

BIODEGRADATION

The aerobic biodegradation half-life is 13.6D at 20 degrees C. Field study results showed a biodegradation half-life of 12D (Verschueren, 2001).

It is quickly metabolized in plants tolerant to its effects. The metabolites are extractable conjugates that are incorporated into the plant (Verschueren, 2001).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

Residues of this compound have been found in the tail meat and viscera of crayfish with bioconcentration factors of less than 10 (EPA, 1988).
The predicted BCF for bentazon is 19, based on calculated water solubility and is 0 based on calculated soil-adsorption coefficient (EXTOXNET, 1993).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

ECOTOXICITY STUDIES

Bentazon showed positive results in genotoxicity testing of Drosophila melangaster (Kaya et al, 2004).

Positive results were indicated in the wing spot test with a high-bioactivation (HB) fly cross strain.
Concentrations from 0.05-5 mM significantly increased total spot frequency, primarily in the marker-heterozygous fly wings.
Major metabolites and degradation products may be more toxic and genotoxic than the parent compound.
Recombinagenetic effects were identified.

In vegetation, bentazon is rapidly metabolized into natural plant components. When applied to crops that have been subjected to stress conditions such as drought or widely fluctuating temperatures, bentazon may cause leaf speckling, leaf bronzing, or other crop damage (EXTOXNET, 1993).
Bentazon is slightly toxic to birds on an acute oral and subacute dietary basis. It exceeds the level of concern for avian chronic effect and poses a chronic reproductive risk ((EPA, 1994)). EPA (1994) also reports that bentazon is slightly toxic to small mammals on an acute basis, is practically nontoxic to honeybees, poses a low risk to aquatic plants, and represents a hazard to terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants.
In fish, bentazon is practically nontoxic to both coldwater and warmwater fish, aquatic invertebrates, and estuarine/marine organisms ((EPA, 1994)).
Because of its generally low toxicity, bentazon applied to registered-use sites is not considered an acute hazard to most nontarget organisms (EPA, 1988).

ECOTOXICITY VALUES(EXTOXNET, 1993)

LC50 (96H) RAINBOW TROUT: 510 mg/L (wettable powder) (EXTOXNET, 1993)
LC50 (96H) BLUEGILL SUNFISH: 616 ppm (technical bentazon) (EXTOXNET, 1993)
LC50 (96H) RAINBOW TROUT: 190 ppm (technical bentazon) (EXTOXNET, 1993)
LC50 (96H) BLUEGILL SUNFISH: 1060 ppm (formulated bentazon) (EXTOXNET, 1993)
LC50 (96H) RAINBOW TROUT: 636 ppm (formulated bentazon) (EXTOXNET, 1993)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

240.28 (Budavari, 2001)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Bentazon exists as an odorless, non-volatile colorless to white, crystalline powder (Budavari, 2001; EXTOXNET, 1996; EPA, 1988)

The technical grade of this compound is a slightly brown solid (EXTOXNET, 1996).
Other formulations include flowable concentrates and soluble concentrate/liquids ((EPA, 1994)).
The usual carrier for this compound is water. Under certain conditions, an oil concentrate may be used (EPA, 1988).

Bentazon is an acidic polar herbicide, which is thermally unstable (Hogendoorn et al, 1999; Pinto & Jardim, 1999). Its pKa is 3.3 at 24 degrees C (Budavari, 2001; Huber & Otto, 1994).

VAPOR PRESSURE

< 1.3x10(-7) mbar (at 20 degrees) (EXTOXNET, 1993)

< 0.01 mPa (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

137-139 degrees C; 279-282 degrees F (Budavari, 2001; EXTOXNET, 1993; EPA, 1988)

FLASH POINT

100 degrees C (EXTOXNET, 1993)

> 100 degrees C (HSDB , 2002)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

slightly soluble in water; 0.05% (at 20 degrees C) (Lewis, 1996; EPA, 1988)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

solubility with other compounds (in g/100 g at 20 degrees C) (Lewis, 1996; EXTOXNET, 1993)

Acetone: 150.7%
Benzene: 3.3%
Chloroform: 18%
Cyclohexane: 0.02%
Diethyl ether: 61.6%
Ethanol: 86.1%
Ethyl acetate: 65%

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = 3.81; 2.5 (EXTOXNET, 1993)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

odorless (HSDB, 2003)

ORGANIC CARBON PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Koc = 3.40; 35 g/mL (EXTOXNET, 1993)

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BENTAZON

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents