ZIRCONIUM

ZIRCONIUM
ZIRCAT
ZIRCONIUM METAL, dry, chemically produced, finer than 270 mesh particle size
ZIRCONIUM, METAL, dry, coiled wire, finished metal sheets smaller than 18 microns
ZIRCONIUM METAL, dry, mechanically produced, finer than 270 mesh particle size
ZIRCONIUM METAL, liquid suspensions
ZIRCONIUM METAL, wet, chemically produced, finer than 270 mesh particle size
ZIRCONIUM METAL, wet, mechanically produced, finer than 270 mesh particle size
ZIRCONIUM METAL POWDER, wetted with not less than 25% water
ZIRCONIUM SCRAP
ZIRCONIUM SHAVINGS
ZIRCONIUM SHEETS
ZIRCONIUM TURNINGS
ZIRCONIUM METAL, DRY
ZIRCONIUM METAL, LIQUID
ZIRCONIUM METAL, LIQUID SUSPENSION
ZIRCONIUM METAL, POWDER, DRY
ZIRCONIUM METAL, POWDER, WET
ZIRCONIUM METAL, WIRE, SHEET, OR STRIPS (SMALLER THAN 18 MICRONS)
ZIRCONIUM POWDER, WET
ZIRCONIUM POWDER, WETTED WITH NOT LESS THAN 25% WATER
ZIRCONIUM SUSPENDED IN A LIQUID (FLAMMABLE)
ZIRCONIUM, BORINGS
ZIRCONIUM, CLIPPINGS
ZIRCONIUM, DRY
ZIRCONIUM, DRY, COILED WIRE, FINISHED METAL SHEETS OR STRIPS
ZIRCONIUM, LIQUID
ZIRCONIUM, SUSPENDED IN A FLAMMABLE LIQUID
ZIRCONIUM, WET

IDENTIFIERS

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER

7440-67-7(Zirconium)

NIOSH/RTECS NUMBER

ZH 7070000

UN/NA NUMBER

1308-Zirconium metal, liquid suspension
1308-Zirconium suspended in a flammable liquid
1308-Zirconium suspended in a liquid (flammable)
1358-Zirconium powder, wetted with not less than 25% water
1358-Zirconium metal, powder, wet
1932-Zirconium scrap
2008-Zirconium powder, dry
2009-Zirconium, dry, finished sheets, strips or coiled wire
2858-Zirconium, dry, coiled wire, finished metal sheets or strips

MOLECULAR FORMULA

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

170-METALS (POWDERS, DUSTS, SHAVINGS, BORINGS, TURNINGS, OR CUTTINGS, ETC.)(for UN/NA Numbers1308,1358and2858)
135-SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE(for UN/NA Numbers1932,2008and2009)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

FORMS

Zirconium is a grey-white, hard, lustrous solid metal (as flakes, crystals, powder, or platelets) or a bluish-black amorphous powder (Siegers & Sullivan, 1992; ACGIH, 1986; ILO, 1983; Sax & Lewis, 1987; Budavari, 1989). It may also have a gold color (HSDB , 1992).

SOURCES

Zirconium is found in the minerals zircon, malacon, baddeleyite, and eudialyte (Budavari, 1989). It is frequently found in the rare-earth minerals and in monazite sand (Budavari, 1989).
Zirconium constitutes approximately 0.017% of the lithosphere; its most common ores are zircon (ZrO2) and baddeleyite (ZrSiO4) (ILO, 1983).
Most commercially useful zirconium deposits are found in beach sands or other locations where zirconium containing minerals have been deposited and the rock subjected to the action of water in washing away the lighter rock portions (ILO, 1983; Clayton & Clayton, 1981).

Zirconium containing beach sands are found in Australia, India, Malaya, the Ukraine, and the United States (ILO, 1983).
Baddeleyite is found in Brazil, Italy, India, and Sweden (ILO, 1983).
Zirconium ores have been mined in Australia, Brazil, East Africa, India, Korea, Madagasgar, Nigeria, the Republic of China, Senegal, South Africa, Sri Lanka, the Soviet Union, and the United States (ILO, 1983; Clayton & Clayton, 1981).
In the United States, most zirconium mineral production is from Florida and Georgia (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Zirconium has a low order of toxicity. There are no characteristic signs of zirconium poisoning.

Certain ZIRCONIUM SALTS (eg, zirconium tetrachloride) may cause IRRITATION or CAUSTIC INJURY.

If such effects develop following exposure to a zirconium compound, REFER to the IRRITANTS or ACIDS MEDITEXT MEDICAL MANAGEMENTS for MORE INFORMATION on EVALUATION and TREATMENT.

Dermal exposure to zirconium in topical poison ivy medications and deodorants has caused subcutaneous granulomas, probably due to a hypersensitivity reaction.

Pulmonary abnormalities have NOT been demonstrated in workers with zirconium fume exposure. Prolonged exposure to aerosols of zirconium lactate and sulfate have caused respiratory tract irritation and peribronchial granuloma formation in experimental animals.

Experimental animals exposed to massive doses have developed CNS depression. Two individuals administered 50 milligrams of zirconium malate intravenously developed vertigo.

Zirconium and its compounds are eye irritants.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)

Oxides from metallic fires are a severe health hazard.
Inhalation or contact with substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)

Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Inhalation of decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

The acute toxicity of zirconium is low (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Budavari, 1996; ACGIH, 1992). In mice, a single oral dose of drugs containing the equivalent of 8.88 g Zr/kg was not toxic, the oxychloride was slightly toxic, and the chloride was moderately toxic (Delongeas, 1983), probably due to the generation of hydrochloric acid. The toxicity of inhaled zirconium dioxide dust is also very low, and that of the tetrachloride is greater (Delongeas, 1983).

Zirconium may react with essential trace elements such as chromium in the body and make them biologically unavailable (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

No ill effects of zirconium occupational exposure have been proven (HSDB; (Hathaway et al, 1991). Twenty-two workers exposed to zirconium fumes for 1 to 5 years had no abnormalities (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; ACGIH, 1992; Hathaway et al, 1991). No respiratory symptoms and no radiographic evidence of pneumoconiosis were found after long-term occupational exposure to zirconium dust (Hadjimichael & Brubaker, 1981). Inhaled zirconium compounds are deposited in the lung (Spiegl CJ et al, 1956) and may cause irritation (Noro, 1961).

Zirconium is not known to cause pneumoconiosis (Clayton & Clayton, 1994). There was no evidence for abnormal chest radiographs or impaired pulmonary function in a group of men working with zirconium compounds who were monitored from 1975 to 1988 (Marcus et al, 1996).

Inhalation of talc products containing zirconium has caused lung damage, but this was probably due to silica in the talc (Cralley, 1968).

The only common effect of zirconium is induction of foreign body granulomas in the skin from deodorants or poison-ivy remedies (Anon, 1983; Haustein, 1975; Hathaway et al, 1991). This has also occurred in rabbits (Kang et al, 1977). These granulomas consist of papular eruptions which occur in streaks. As a result, some zirconium salts were withdrawn from use in deodorants. The mechanism of this inflammatory response involves activation of complement. Not all zirconium compounds are active -- the hydroxide failed to activate complement (pp 535-542).

No adverse effects were seen from either zirconium oxide or tetrachloride after inhalation of 3.5 mg Zr/m(3) for 1 year in rats (ACGIH, 1992).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

GENERAL -

There is no specific treatment for zirconium poisoning.

INHALATION EXPOSURE -

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
Avoidance of further exposure is recommended if pulmonary granulomas develop following zirconium exposure.
If respiratory tract irritation or respiratory depression is evident, monitor arterial blood gases, chest x-ray, and pulmonary function tests.
Carefully observe patients with inhalation exposure for the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Avoidance of further exposure is recommended if skin granulomas develop following zirconium exposure.
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE -

Do not induce emesis.
Significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns may occur following ingestion. The possible benefit of early removal of some ingested material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed against potential complications of bleeding or perforation.
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

Administration of activated charcoal and cathartic are not recommended following ingestion of zirconium or its compounds.

Most zirconium compounds are poorly absorbed into the blood stream from the gastrointestinal tract.
There is no evidence that activated charcoal or cathartics are efficacious in decreasing the absorption of ingested zirconium or its compounds.
Activated charcoal could obscure endoscopic findings if irritant or caustic zirconium compounds have been ingested.
Ingestion of certain zirconium salts may cause irritant or caustic effects such as burning of the mouth and throat, vomiting, watery or bloody diarrhea, retching, tenesmus, possible gastrointestinal tract bleeding, and systemic effects due to blood and fluid losses. If such effects develop following exposure to a Zirconium Compound, refer to the Irritants or Acids Meditext(R) Medical Managements for more information on evaluation and treatment.
Carefully observe patients with ingestion exposure for the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.
Any patient who is symptomatic following exposure to this agent should be observed in a controlled setting until all signs and symptoms have fully resolved.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

SUMMARY

A toxic dose has not been established.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

CASE REPORT

CASE REPORT: A 72-year-old woman sought medical care for complaints of tremor and slowness of the body that began about 3 months prior to admission. Her history included taking a silver-containing dietary supplement for more than a year for general health. A neurologic exam demonstrated bilateral resting tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia that was consistent with parkinsonism. A MRI of the brain was negative and a dopamine transporter positron emission tomography was normal. Dopaminergic medications did not produce any clinical improvement. It was also noted that the patient had progressive, widespread blue-grey discoloration of the skin and nails. Laboratory testing for heavy metals was negative. A punch skin biopsy was positive for zirconium; silver was not detected. Her neurologic and dermatologic changes were assumed to be due to systemic zirconium intoxication (Ryu et al, 2014).

ANIMAL DATA

Dogs inhaling zirconium tetrachloride mist for 2 months at a concentration of 6 mg/m(3) had slight decreases in hemoglobin and RBC counts, as well as some increased mortality (Hathaway et al, 1991; Clayton & Clayton, 1981).
No detectable effects were noted in experimental animals inhaling zirconium oxide dust for 1 month at a concentration of 75 mg/m(3) (Hathaway et al, 1991) or 11 mg/m(3) for 2 months (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).
Zirconium is of low toxicity by the oral route (Clayton & Clayton, 1981; ACGIH, 1986), with LD50s for zirconium tetrachloride of 1688 mg/kg (rats) and 655 mg/kg (mice), and for zirconium tetrafluoride of 98 mg/kg (rats) (ACGIH, 1986).
Mild toxic effects noted following zirconium tetrachloride inhalation exposure in experimental animals were presumably due to liberated hydrogen chloride (ACGIH, 1986).
Rats tolerate 20% zirconium in the diet for long periods without adverse effects (ILO, 1983). Rats did not develop toxicity when administered zirconium at 5 ppm in drinking water and 2.66 ppm in the solid diet over a lifetime (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).
Pulmonary granulomas have been produced in experimental animals at airborne zirconium lactate concentrations of 0.049 mg/cm(3) (ILO, 1983).
A severe, persistent interstitial pneumonitis has been produced in experimental animals exposed to airborne zirconium concentrations of 5 mg/m(3) (ILO, 1983).
No effects were seen in laboratory animals inhaling zirconium oxide dust or zirconium tetrachloride mist for one year at a concentration of 3.5 mg Zr/m(3) (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).

Inhalation of ZrSiO2 dust for 7.5 months caused the development of shadows on chest x-rays, but no histologic cellular reaction (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).

Guinea pigs exposed to a zirconium process for 2 to 6 months developed no pulmonary abnormalities attributable to the exposure (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).
Guinea pigs, rats, and hamsters exposed to zirconium lactate at an airborne concentration of 15 or 150 mg/m(3) or to 15 mg/m(3) of barium zirconate had poor weight gain, an increase in the zirconium concentration in the lungs, and pathological changes consistent with fibrosis; granulomas were not seen (Brown et al, 1963).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7440-67-7 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A4 ; Listed as: Zirconium, and compounds, as Zr

A4 :Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Zirconium compounds (as Zr)
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS7440-67-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS7440-67-7 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Zirconium, and compounds, as Zr

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 5 mg/m(3)
TLV-STEL: 10 mg/m(3)
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A4
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions:

A4: Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s):
Molecular Weight: 91.22

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS7440-67-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS7440-67-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Zirconium compounds (as Zr)
REL:

TWA: 5 mg/m(3)
STEL: 10 mg/m(3)
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s): [*Note: The REL applies to all zirconium compounds (as Zr) except Zirconium tetrachloride.]

IDLH:

IDLH: 50 mg Zr/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS7440-67-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Zirconium compounds (as Zr)
Table Z-1 for Zirconium compounds (as Zr):

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 5

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS7440-67-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS7440-67-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS7440-67-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS7440-67-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS7440-67-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS7440-67-7 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS7440-67-7 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS7440-67-7 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Zirconium

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1308 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Zirconium suspended in a liquid

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1308
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3

3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions:

Not Listed

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 201
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: Forbidden

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: B

B: (i) The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length; and (ii) "On deck only" on passenger vessels in which the number of passengers specified in paragraph (k)(2)(i) of this section is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Zirconium suspended in a liquid

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1308
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3

3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions: IB2

IB2: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 202
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 5 L
Cargo aircraft only: 60 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: B

B: (i) The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length; and (ii) "On deck only" on passenger vessels in which the number of passengers specified in paragraph (k)(2)(i) of this section is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Zirconium suspended in a liquid

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1308
Packing Group: III

III: Packing Group III - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is minor.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3

3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions: B1, IB2

B1: If the material has a flash point at or above 38 °C (100 °F) and below 93 °C (200 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.241 of this subchapter are applicable. If the material has a flash point of less than 38 °C (100 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.242 of this subchapter are applicable.
IB2: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 150
Non-bulk packaging: 203
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 60 L
Cargo aircraft only: 220 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: B

B: (i) The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length; and (ii) "On deck only" on passenger vessels in which the number of passengers specified in paragraph (k)(2)(i) of this section is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1358 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Zirconium powder, wetted with not less than 25 percent water (a visible excess of water must be present) (a) mechanically produced, particle size less than 53 microns; (b) chemically produced, particle size less than 840 microns

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 4.1

4.1: Flammable solid. See 49 CFR section 173.124 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1358
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 4.1

4.1: Flammable Solid.

Special Provisions: A19, A20, IB6, IP2, N34, T3, TP33

A19: Combination packagings consisting of outer fiber drums or plywood drums, with inner plastic packagings, are not authorized for transportation by aircraft.
A20: Plastic bags as inner receptacles of combination packagings are not authorized for transportation by aircraft.
IB6: Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, 21H2, 31H1 and 31H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, 21HZ2, 31HZ1 and 31HZ2). Additional Requirement: Composite IBCs 11HZ2 and 21HZ2 may not be used when the hazardous materials being transported may become liquid during transport.
IP2: When IBCs other than metal or rigid plastics IBCs are used, they must be offered for transportation in a closed freight container or a closed transport vehicle.
N34: Aluminum construction materials are not authorized for any part of a packaging which is normally in contact with the hazardous material.
T3: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(2).
TP33: The portable tank instruction assigned for this substance applies for granular and powdered solids and for solids which are filled and discharged at temperatures above their melting point which are cooled and transported as a solid mass. Solid substances transported or offered for transport above their melting point are authorized for transportation in portable tanks conforming to the provisions of portable tank instruction T4 for solid substances of packing group III or T7 for solid substances of packing group II, unless a tank with more stringent requirements for minimum shell thickness, maximum allowable working pressure, pressure-relief devices or bottom outlets are assigned in which case the more stringent tank instruction and special provisions shall apply. Filling limits must be in accordance with portable tank special provision TP3. Solids meeting the defnintion of an elevated temperature material must be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 212
Bulk packaging: 241

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 15 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 50 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: E

E: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but is prohibited from carriage on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 74

74: Stow "separated from" oxidizers.

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1932 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Zirconium scrap

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 4.2

4.2: Spontaneously combustible material. See 49 CFR section 173.124 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1932
Packing Group: III

III: Packing Group III - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is minor.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 4.2

4.2: Spontaneously Combustible.

Special Provisions: IB8, IP3, N34, T1, TP33

IB8: Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, 21H2, 31H1 and 31H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, 21HZ2, 31HZ1 and 31HZ2); Fiberboard (11G); Wooden (11C, 11D and 11F); Flexible (13H1, 13H2, 13H3, 13H4, 13H5, 13L1, 13L2, 13L3, 13L4, 13M1 or 13M2).
IP3: Flexible IBCs must be sift-proof and water-resistant or must be fitted with a sift-proof and water-resistant liner.
N34: Aluminum construction materials are not authorized for any part of a packaging which is normally in contact with the hazardous material.
T1: Minimum test pressure (bar): 1.5; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(2).
TP33: The portable tank instruction assigned for this substance applies for granular and powdered solids and for solids which are filled and discharged at temperatures above their melting point which are cooled and transported as a solid mass. Solid substances transported or offered for transport above their melting point are authorized for transportation in portable tanks conforming to the provisions of portable tank instruction T4 for solid substances of packing group III or T7 for solid substances of packing group II, unless a tank with more stringent requirements for minimum shell thickness, maximum allowable working pressure, pressure-relief devices or bottom outlets are assigned in which case the more stringent tank instruction and special provisions shall apply. Filling limits must be in accordance with portable tank special provision TP3. Solids meeting the defnintion of an elevated temperature material must be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 213
Bulk packaging: 240

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: Forbidden

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: D

D: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but the material is prohibited on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2008 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Zirconium powder, dry

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 4.2

4.2: Spontaneously combustible material. See 49 CFR section 173.124 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2008
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 4.2

4.2: Spontaneously Combustible.

Special Provisions: T21, TP7, TP33

T21: Minimum test pressure (bar): 10; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): 10 mm; Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): Prohibited.
TP7: The vapor space must be purged of air by nitrogen or other means.
TP33: The portable tank instruction assigned for this substance applies for granular and powdered solids and for solids which are filled and discharged at temperatures above their melting point which are cooled and transported as a solid mass. Solid substances transported or offered for transport above their melting point are authorized for transportation in portable tanks conforming to the provisions of portable tank instruction T4 for solid substances of packing group III or T7 for solid substances of packing group II, unless a tank with more stringent requirements for minimum shell thickness, maximum allowable working pressure, pressure-relief devices or bottom outlets are assigned in which case the more stringent tank instruction and special provisions shall apply. Filling limits must be in accordance with portable tank special provision TP3. Solids meeting the defnintion of an elevated temperature material must be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 211
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: Forbidden

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: D

D: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but the material is prohibited on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Zirconium powder, dry

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 4.2

4.2: Spontaneously combustible material. See 49 CFR section 173.124 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2008
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 4.2

4.2: Spontaneously Combustible.

Special Provisions: A19, A20, IB6, IP2, N5, N34, T3, TP33

A19: Combination packagings consisting of outer fiber drums or plywood drums, with inner plastic packagings, are not authorized for transportation by aircraft.
A20: Plastic bags as inner receptacles of combination packagings are not authorized for transportation by aircraft.
IB6: Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, 21H2, 31H1 and 31H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, 21HZ2, 31HZ1 and 31HZ2). Additional Requirement: Composite IBCs 11HZ2 and 21HZ2 may not be used when the hazardous materials being transported may become liquid during transport.
IP2: When IBCs other than metal or rigid plastics IBCs are used, they must be offered for transportation in a closed freight container or a closed transport vehicle.
N5: Glass materials of construction are not authorized for any part of a packaging which is normally in contact with the hazardous material.
N34: Aluminum construction materials are not authorized for any part of a packaging which is normally in contact with the hazardous material.
T3: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(2).
TP33: The portable tank instruction assigned for this substance applies for granular and powdered solids and for solids which are filled and discharged at temperatures above their melting point which are cooled and transported as a solid mass. Solid substances transported or offered for transport above their melting point are authorized for transportation in portable tanks conforming to the provisions of portable tank instruction T4 for solid substances of packing group III or T7 for solid substances of packing group II, unless a tank with more stringent requirements for minimum shell thickness, maximum allowable working pressure, pressure-relief devices or bottom outlets are assigned in which case the more stringent tank instruction and special provisions shall apply. Filling limits must be in accordance with portable tank special provision TP3. Solids meeting the defnintion of an elevated temperature material must be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 212
Bulk packaging: 241

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 15 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 50 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: D

D: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but the material is prohibited on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Zirconium powder, dry

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 4.2

4.2: Spontaneously combustible material. See 49 CFR section 173.124 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2008
Packing Group: III

III: Packing Group III - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is minor.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 4.2

4.2: Spontaneously Combustible.

Special Provisions: IB8, IP3, T1, TP33

IB8: Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, 21H2, 31H1 and 31H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, 21HZ2, 31HZ1 and 31HZ2); Fiberboard (11G); Wooden (11C, 11D and 11F); Flexible (13H1, 13H2, 13H3, 13H4, 13H5, 13L1, 13L2, 13L3, 13L4, 13M1 or 13M2).
IP3: Flexible IBCs must be sift-proof and water-resistant or must be fitted with a sift-proof and water-resistant liner.
T1: Minimum test pressure (bar): 1.5; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(2).
TP33: The portable tank instruction assigned for this substance applies for granular and powdered solids and for solids which are filled and discharged at temperatures above their melting point which are cooled and transported as a solid mass. Solid substances transported or offered for transport above their melting point are authorized for transportation in portable tanks conforming to the provisions of portable tank instruction T4 for solid substances of packing group III or T7 for solid substances of packing group II, unless a tank with more stringent requirements for minimum shell thickness, maximum allowable working pressure, pressure-relief devices or bottom outlets are assigned in which case the more stringent tank instruction and special provisions shall apply. Filling limits must be in accordance with portable tank special provision TP3. Solids meeting the defnintion of an elevated temperature material must be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 213
Bulk packaging: 241

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 25 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 100 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: D

D: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but the material is prohibited on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2009 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Zirconium, dry, finished sheets, strip or coiled wire

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 4.2

4.2: Spontaneously combustible material. See 49 CFR section 173.124 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2009
Packing Group: III

III: Packing Group III - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is minor.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 4.2

4.2: Spontaneously Combustible.

Special Provisions: A1, A19

A1: Single packagings are not permitted on passenger aircraft.
A19: Combination packagings consisting of outer fiber drums or plywood drums, with inner plastic packagings, are not authorized for transportation by aircraft.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 213
Bulk packaging: 240

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 25 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 100 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: D

D: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but the material is prohibited on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2858 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Zirconium, dry, coiled wire, finished metal sheets, strip (thinner than 254 microns but not thinner than 18 microns)

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 4.1

4.1: Flammable solid. See 49 CFR section 173.124 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2858
Packing Group: III

III: Packing Group III - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is minor.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 4.1

4.1: Flammable Solid.

Special Provisions: A1

A1: Single packagings are not permitted on passenger aircraft.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 151
Non-bulk packaging: 213
Bulk packaging: 240

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 25 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 100 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1308 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Zirconium suspended in a flammable liquid
UN Number: 1308

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1358 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Zirconium powder, wetted with not less than 25% water (a visible excess of water must be present) (a) mechanically produced, particle size less than 53 microns; (b) chemically produced, particle size less than 840 microns
UN Number: 1358

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1932 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Zirconium scrap
UN Number: 1932

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2008 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Zirconium powder, dry
UN Number: 2008

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2009 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Zirconium, dry, finished sheets, strip or coiled wire (thinner than 18 microns)
UN Number: 2009

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2858 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Zirconium, dry, coiled wire, finished metal sheets, strip (thinner than 254 microns but not thinner than 18 microns)
UN Number: 2858

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS7440-67-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

The major occupational hazards posed by zirconium are its reactivity and explosivity (Finkel, 1983; Clayton & Clayton, 1981).
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY MEASURES (ILO, 1983)

Transport the powdered metal in a wet state. Water may be used for wetting.
Keep dried powder concentrations as small as possible. Carry out operations in separate cubicles to prevent propagation should an explosion occur.
Eliminate all sources of ignition, including static electricity, from areas where zirconium powder is handled.
Exposed surfaces should be seamless and impervious, and should be washed down with water to keep them completely free of zirconium dust.
Clean up any spilled powder immediately so that it cannot dry in place.
Keep cloths or papers used to wipe up spilled material wet in covered containers; dispose of daily by burning.
Use only non-sparking tools to manipulate the dried powder; do so as little as possible.
Keep powder off all clothing. Rubber or plastic protective aprons, etc, should be treated with an anti-static compound.
Do not wear outer garments made of synthetic fibers unless treated with an anti-static compound.
Design and ventilate processes to keep airborne zirconium levels below exposure limits.

STORAGE

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

To reduce the possibility of ignition, fine powder is sometimes kept completely immersed in water; when immersed, it is difficult to ignite (HSDB , 1993).
Dry powder is sometimes stored under dry argon (HSDB , 1993).
Protect against physical damage (HSDB , 1993).
Powder should be kept wet in storage and protective clothing should be worn (Sax & Lewis, 1987).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Isolate from oxidizing materials (HSDB , 1993).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 7440-67-7.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: Information from more than one emergency response guide is associated with this material.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)
- May react violently or explosively on contact with water.
- Some are transported in flammable liquids.
- May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames.
- Some of these materials will burn with intense heat.
- Dusts or fumes may form explosive mixtures in air.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)
- Flammable/combustible material.
- May ignite on contact with air or moisture.
- May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect.
- Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water.
- Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
- Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
Zirconium is a very dangerous fire hazard in the form of dust when exposed to heat or flame or by chemical reaction with oxidizers (Lewis, 1992).
It may ignite spontaneously (Lewis, 1992).
Finely divided or spongy zirconium metal in air can be easily ignited by a blow or spark (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).
An alloy of 10 to 70% zirconium plus lead will ignite when struck with a hammer (NFPA, 1991).
Phosphorus and zirconium react with incandescence when heated in a vacuum (NFPA, 1991).
Static sparks from polythene bags may ignite the pyrophoric, finely divided metal, especially if moisture and friction are involved (Bretherick, 1990).
Treatment of zirconium powder with 1% hydrogen fluoride solution considerably desensitizes it to electrostatic ignition (Bretherick, 1990).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS7440-67-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)

DO NOT USE WATER, FOAM OR CO2.
Dousing metallic fires with water may generate hydrogen gas, an extremely dangerous explosion hazard, particularly if fire is in a confined environment (i.e., building, cargo hold, etc.).
Use DRY sand, graphite powder, dry sodium chloride based extinguishers, G-1® or Met-L-X® powder.
Confining and smothering metal fires is preferable rather than applying water.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)

DO NOT USE WATER, CO2 OR FOAM ON MATERIAL ITSELF.
Some of these materials may react violently with water.
EXCEPTION: For Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite) UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, USE FLOODING AMOUNTS OF WATER for SMALL AND LARGE fires to stop the reaction. Smothering will not work for these materials, they do not need air to burn.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or DRY sand, EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)

DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, or withdraw from area and let fire burn.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)

If impossible to extinguish, protect surroundings and allow fire to burn itself out.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers or in contact with substance.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS7440-67-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

To fight fire, use special mixtures, dry chemical, salt, or dry sand (Lewis, 1992).

Finely divided or spongy zirconium metal is easily ignited in air by a spark or a blow. Fires so started cannot be extinguished by ordinary means and require quenching by smothering with some pulverized mineral carbonate, such as dolomite (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

No information on the combustion toxicity of zirconium was found in available references at the time of this review.

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Zirconium is a dangerous explosion hazard in the form of dust by chemical reaction with the following (Lewis, 1992; NFPA, 1991):

Air
Alkali hydroxides
Alkali metal chromates
Alkali metal dichromates
Alkali metal molybdates
Alkali metal sulfates
Alkali metal tungstates
Borax
Carbon tetrachloride
Cupric oxide
Lead
Lead oxide
Phosphorus
Potassium chlorate
Potassium nitrate
Nitryl fluoride

Serious explosion has occurred from moist exposure of metal scrap containing zirconium as a contaminant (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Zirconium is a very dangerous fire hazard in the form of dust when exposed to heat or flame or by chemical reaction with oxidizers (Lewis, 1992).

Zirconium is a dangerous explosion hazard in the form of dust by chemical reaction with the following (Lewis, 1992; NFPA, 1991):

Air
Alkali hydroxides
Alkali metal chromates
Alkali metal dichromates
Alkali metal molybdates
Alkali metal sulfates
Alkali metal tungstates
Borax
Carbon tetrachloride
Cupric oxide
Lead
Lead oxide
Phosphorus
Potassium chlorate
Potassium nitrate
Nitryl fluoride

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Zirconium reacts with hydrofluoric acid, aqua regia, and hot phosphoric acid. It is not attacked by cold, but is very slightly attacked by hot, concentrated sulfuric or hydrochloric acid; is not attacked by nitric acid. It is attacked by fused potassium hydroxide or nitrate (Budavari, 1989).

On prolonged heating, the compact form combines with oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and the halogens (Budavari, 1989).

The powder form has a very low ignition temperature and is very explosive when exposed to heat or flame or when mixed with oxidizing agents (Budavari, 1989; Lewis, 1992).

It may ignite spontaneously (Lewis, 1992).

Finely divided or spongy zirconium metal in air can be easily ignited by a blow or spark (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).

An alloy of 10 to 70% zirconium plus lead will ignite when struck with a hammer (NFPA, 1991).

Phosphorus and zirconium react with incandescence when heated in a vacuum (NFPA, 1991).

Static sparks from polythene bags may ignite the pyrophoric, finely divided metal, especially if moisture and friction are involved (Bretherick, 1990).

Treatment of zirconium powder with 1% hydrogen fluoride solution considerably desensitizes it to electrostatic ignition (Bretherick, 1990).

Serious explosion has occurred from moist exposure of metal scrap containing zirconium as a contaminant (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).

Zirconium is a dangerous explosion hazard in the form of dust by chemical reaction with the following (Lewis, 1992; NFPA, 1991):

Air
Alkali hydroxides
Alkali metal chromates
Alkali metal dichromates
Alkali metal molybdates
Alkali metal sulfates
Alkali metal tungstates
Borax
Carbon tetrachloride
Cupric oxide
Lead
Lead oxide
Phosphorus
Potassium chlorate
Potassium nitrate
Nitryl fluoride

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 50 meters (160 feet).

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions for solids.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Stay upwind.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135(ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Stay upwind.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS7440-67-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS7440-67-7 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Zirconium and compounds (as Zr)
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 5
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 10
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 25
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 25
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS7440-67-7 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS7440-67-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 50 mg Zr/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)
- Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leak with no fire.
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
"At the time of this review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices." (HSDB , 1993)

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)
- EXCEPTION: For spills of Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite), UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, dissolve in 5 parts water and collect for proper disposal.
- Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand, or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

No information on the pollution hazard of zirconium was found in available references at the time of this review.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- No information on the environmental kinetics of zirconium was found in available references at the time of this review.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

No information on the environmental toxicity of zirconium was found in available references at the time of this review.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

91.22 (Budavari, 1989)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Zirconium is a grey-white, hard, lustrous solid metal (as flakes, crystals, powder, or platelets) or a bluish-black amorphous powder (Siegers & Sullivan, 1992; ACGIH, 1986; ILO, 1983; Sax & Lewis, 1987; Budavari, 1989). It may also have a gold color (HSDB , 1992).

Gray to gold (amorphous powder) (NIOSH, 1990)

Zirconium may be in the 4+, 3+, or 2+ valence state; the 4+ valence is most common (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).

Zirconium can absorb up to 10 atoms per cent of oxygen or nitrogen (Budavari, 1989).

Zirconium is very slightly radioactive (Lewis, 1992).

No information found at the time of this review.

VAPOR PRESSURE

0 mmHg (approximately) (NIOSH, 1990)

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

6.506 g/cm(3) (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1986)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

6.5 g/cm(3) (Budavari, 1989)
6.4 g/mL (Sax & Lewis, 1987)
6.49 g/mL (HSDB , 1992)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

1857 degrees C (Budavari, 1989)
1852 plus or minus 2 degrees C (Siegers & Sullivan, 1992; ACGIH, 1986; Sax & Lewis, 1987)

BOILING POINT

3577 degrees C (Budavari, 1989)

4377 degrees C (Sax & Lewis, 1987; ACGIH, 1986)

FLASH POINT

No information found at the time of this review.

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

> 200 degrees C (HSDB , 1993)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

- No information found at the time of this review.

UPPER

- No information found at the time of this review.

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Zirconium is insoluble in water (Sax & Lewis, 1987).

OTHER

Zirconium is soluble in hot, very concentrated acids (Sax & Lewis, 1987).
It is insoluble in cold acids (Sax & Lewis, 1987).

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Bromine Chloride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007d. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648039732a&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Bromoacetone (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008e. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064809187bf&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Calcium Phosphide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2005d. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020c5ed&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Carbonyl Sulfide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007e. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648037ff26&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Diphenylchloroarsine (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007l. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020fd29&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Germane (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008j. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480963906&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

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Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents