VACOR

These products contain the active ingredient RH-787, a single-dose, quick-kill rodenticide. They are used for control of Norway and roof rats, and the house mouse.

FORMS

PNU or pyriminil, alloxin, streptozocin and dithizone are substituted ureas.
Vacor has the smell of peanuts (Johnson et al, 1980). Vacor does not actually contain peanut flavoring, but contains peanut oil which does not have the distinctive odor of peanuts (Litovitz, 1983).
Vacor Rat Killer (yellow, resembles corn meal)
DLP-787 2% Bait (yellow, resembles corn meal)
DLP-787 10% House Mouse Tracking Powder (pale yellow to yellow-green powder)

SOURCES

Both DLP-787 2% Bait and DLP-787 10% House Mouse Tracking Powder are available only to Pest Control Operators.
Vacor, 39 g, containing 2% PNU, has been removed from sale as of June, 1979 on the open market, but still is available to professional exterminators.

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

MOST COMMON SIGNS/SYMPTOMS - Vacor(R) (PNU 2%) is an extremely toxic rodenticide that destroys pancreatic beta cells. Acute intentional ingestion frequently results in rapid onset of ketoacidosis-prone-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, severe persistent orthostatic hypotension, autonomic dysfunction (atonic esophagus, colon, bladder, pupils, impotence, decreased sweating, dysphagia), and sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy.

Common presenting symptoms include nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, blurred vision, polyuria, thirst, generalized weakness, and chills.

COMMON SIGNS/SYMPTOMS - CNS findings are present in about 50% of deliberate overdose, including mildly decreased alertness, impaired memory, slurred speech, ataxia, myoclonus, choreiform movements, tremor, motor hyperactivity, EEG changes, nystagmus, hallucinations, delirium, confusion; can be acute or develop insidiously over several days.

LESS COMMON SIGNS/SYMPTOMS - Mild pancreatitis, SIADH, diarrhea, cardiac arrhythmias, chest pain with ischemic EKG changes, ptosis, anorexia, generalized seizures, pneumonitis, and hypothermia have been reported.

ONSET - Autonomic, peripheral, and CNS impairment often occurs within hours, but is occasionally delayed for up to 10 days. Onset of diabetes has varied from 4 hours to 7 days. Orthostatic hypotension is an early finding in about 50%, and is delayed for several days in the remainder.

FATALITIES - Ingestion of as little as one-half of a single 39-gram package has resulted in death. Causes of death include ketoacidosis; perforations of esophagus, small bowel or colon; cardiac arrhythmias; and pneumonitis.

EXPOSURE ROUTES - Most severe poisonings resulted from suicidal ingestion; systemic poisoning has not been reported from exposure by routes other than ingestion. Serious toxicity has rarely occurred following accidental ingestion in children.

DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS - When heated to decomposition, pyriminyl emits toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen.

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Most reports of acute pyriminil overdose in humans have involved suicidal ingestions. The lowest dose reported to produce characteristic effects in humans was 390 mg (approximately 5.6 mg/kg) (Hayes & Laws, 1991).

Severe persistent orthostatic hypotension is commonly reported following pyriminil intoxication. Onset may be delayed for a week after ingestion (Peoples & Maddy, 1979; LeWitt, 1980; Osterman et al, 1981; Kenney et al, 1981).

Nystagmus, constriction of the visual fields, and retinal edema may be noted following acute exposure (Papasozomenos, 1980; Osterman et al, 1981) Grant, 1986). Ingestion of pyriminil is associated with ocular toxicity in humans and in an animal model. Eye involvement is generally limited to miosis with asymmetrical and sluggishly reactive pupils; sometimes there is ptosis of the lids (Grant, 1986; HSDB, 1996). No ocular toxicity occurred when pyriminil was given by injection to laboratory animals (Mindel et al, 1988).

Intermediate symptoms may include cardiovascular involvement, such as atrial bigeminy and chest pain. Late signs and symptoms may be indicative of cardiovascular collapse (Miller et al, 1978; LeWitt, 1980; Pont et al, 1979) HSDB, 1996). Bilateral bronchopneumonia and respiratory failure may occur (EPA, 1977; Papasozomenos, 1980; Gallanosa et al, 1981).

Neurological symptoms may include mental confusion, peripheral neuropathy, fine tremors of the extremities, paresthesias, numbness, generalized weakness, lethargy, stupor, and seizures (Peoples & Maddy, 1979; Pont et al, 1979; Johnson et al, 1980; LeWitt, 1980; Gallanosa et al, 1981) HSDB, 1996). Encephalopathy may be manifested by impaired short-term memory, slurred speech, confabulation, choreiform movements, and myoclonic jerks (Mindel, 1986).

Initial symptoms include nausea, abdominal pain, and vomiting (Johnson et al, 1980; Pont et al, 1979) HSDB, 1996). Anorexia may be an intermediate symptom of intoxication (Gallanosa et al, 1981; Johnson et al, 1980). Ileus may occur; intestinal perforations have been reported. Thirst and severe diarrhea may be seen (Miller et al, 1978; Kenney et al, 1981; Osterman et al, 1981) HSDB, 1996).

Urinary retention and bladder atony may be seen. Loss of bladder control (reversible) has been reported frequently (Gallanosa et al, 1981; Kenney et al, 1981; Osterman et al, 1981). Glycosuria and polyuria have been reported to occur approximately one week after ingestion (Peoples & Maddy, 1979; HSDB , 1993). Indications of liver injury have been reported in horses (HSDB, 1996).

A diabetic ketoacidosis-like reaction has been reported in several cases (Peoples & Maddy, 1979; Gallanosa et al, 1981; Kenney et al, 1981). Onset of hyperglycemia may occur within a few hours, or may be delayed up to 2 weeks. Diabetes mellitus associated with autonomic and peripheral neuropathy has been reported. Diabetes is a persistent result of pyriminil intoxication (Pond et al, 1979; (Peoples & Maddy, 1979; Gallanosa et al, 1981). Loss of beta-islet cells in the pancreas has been observed in fatal overdoses (Hayes & Laws, 1991). In vitro, pyriminil suppressed glucose-stimulated insulin release (Taniguchi et al, 1989). Pyriminil also has a direct inhibitory effect on glucose metabolism (Hayes & Laws, 1991).

Pyriminil inhibits the NADH-ubiquinone reductase activity in complex I in mammalian mitochondria, at doses equivalent to those causing human poisoning. This inhibition corresponds exactly to decreases in release of insulin from insulinoma cells and pancreatic islets, and may account for the mechanism of Vacor-induced insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Esposti et al, 1996).

There is a wide variation in sensitivity to the acute lethal effects of pyriminil in different species of experimental animals (Hayes & Laws, 1991).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

At the time of this review, no reports were found on possible effects of chronic exposure to pyriminil in humans or experimental animals.

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

EMESIS/NOT RECOMMENDED

EMESIS: Ipecac-induced emesis is not recommended because of the potential for CNS depression and seizures.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

CHARCOAL DOSE

Use a minimum of 240 milliliters of water per 30 grams charcoal (FDA, 1985). Optimum dose not established; usual dose is 25 to 100 grams in adults and adolescents; 25 to 50 grams in children aged 1 to 12 years (or 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram body weight) ; and 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram in infants up to 1 year old (Chyka et al, 2005).

Routine use of a cathartic with activated charcoal is NOT recommended as there is no evidence that cathartics reduce drug absorption and cathartics are known to cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances and occasionally hypotension (None Listed, 2004).

ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS

Complications: emesis, aspiration (Chyka et al, 2005). Aspiration may be complicated by acute respiratory failure, ARDS, bronchiolitis obliterans or chronic lung disease (Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002; Pollack et al, 1981; Harris & Filandrinos, 1993; Elliot et al, 1989; Rau et al, 1988; Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002). Refer to the ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/TREATMENT management for further information.
Contraindications: unprotected airway (increases risk/severity of aspiration) , nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tract, uncontrolled vomiting, and ingestion of most hydrocarbons (Chyka et al, 2005).

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

LDLO (ORAL) MAN - 22,286 micrograms/kilogram (RTECS , 2000)

CASE REPORTS

ADULT

Ingestion of one-half of one 39-gram packet (2 percent) proved fatal in a human adult (Peoples & Maddy, 1979).

PEDIATRIC

A 7-year-old child was found dead the day after ingesting one packet of DLP-787 (2 percent RH-787)(Fretthold et al, 1980).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

CASE REPORTS

Acute toxicity was reported in 4 cases. These persons each ingested one to three 39-gram packages of Vacor, each package containing 2 percent N-3-pyridylmethyl-N-'p-nitrophenyl urea (PNU). The acute toxic dose was calculated to be roughly 5 milligrams PNU/kilogram (Gallanosa et al, 1981).
In 9 additional cases of adults who each ingested 39 grams of Vacor, two died. Of the seven suvivors, all developed chronic hypotension and permanent diabetes mellitus.
PNU - The minimum dose reported to produce symptoms was 390 milligrams or 5.6 milligrams/kilogram (LeWitt, 1980).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS53558-25-1 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS53558-25-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 1992 Gallanosa et al, 1981
- LD50- (ORAL)DOG:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)PRIMATE:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LDLo- (ORAL)HUMAN:
- TDLo- (ORAL)HUMAN:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS53558-25-1 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS53558-25-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS53558-25-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS53558-25-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS53558-25-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS53558-25-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS53558-25-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS53558-25-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS53558-25-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Pyriminil
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 100

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

100/10,000
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): d

d: Revised TPQ based on new or re-evaluated toxicity data, April 22, 1987.

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS53558-25-1 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS53558-25-1 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS53558-25-1 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Urea, N-(4-nitrophenyl)-N'-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS53558-25-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 53558-25-1.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS53558-25-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS53558-25-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS53558-25-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS53558-25-1 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Pyriminil (Pyriminyl)
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 1.25
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 3.5
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 6.2
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 20
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS53558-25-1 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS53558-25-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

272.26

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

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40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

49 CFR 172.101 - App. B: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials, Appendix B: List of Marine Pollutants. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 29, 2005.

62 FR 58840: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 1997.

65 FR 14186: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 39264: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 77866: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

66 FR 21940: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2001.

67 FR 7164: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2002.

68 FR 42710: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2003.

69 FR 54144: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2004.

AIHA: 2006 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines and Workplace Environmental Exposure Level Guides Handbook, American Industrial Hygiene Association, Fairfax, VA, 2006.

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VACOR

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents