TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE

No information was found on the commercial uses of trimethyltin chloride. Organotin compounds are used as biocides, stabilizers in polymers, and catalysts (ACGIH, 1986; (Proctor et al, 1988; Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988). The tri- and tetraorganotin compounds are used as biocides and preservatives for leather, paints, paper, textiles, and wood (Sittig, 1985). Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) compounders, paint sprayers, and workers in manufacturing operations utilizing organotin compounds are those at greatest risk of exposure (ACGIH, 1986).

FORMS

Trimethyltin chloride is an alkyl tin compound. It occurs as a liquid or solid (melting point 37 degrees C) which is miscible with water (HSDB , 1993). Organotin compounds will attack some types of rubber, plastics, or coatings (HSDB , 1993); selection of protective clothing must be done carefully.

SOURCES

Trimethyl tin is formed in the body by the dealkylation of TETRAMETHYL TIN.
This review is based on the properties of tetraalkyl tin and organotin compounds in general. Effects attributed specifically to trimethyltin chloride are identified.

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Trimethyltin chloride is a trialkyl organotin compound; no description of this agent was found in available references. No data were available on the uses of this specific agent at the time of this review. It may be absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, and through the skin.

Psychiatric sequelae involving rage and deep depression lasting from hours to days have been reported in a group of workers exposed to trimethyltin chloride during an accidental spill in a confined area. Trimethyltin compounds have caused confusion, seizures, headache, aches and pains, memory dysfunction, insomnia, EEG abnormalities, disorientation, and anorexia. Chemical skin burns may follow direct dermal contact.

Trimethyltin chloride caused irreversible brain damage in rats and marmosets. It may cause retinal damage in experimental animals and changes in visual evoked responses. Convulsions have occurred in exposed experimental animals.

Because the group of ORGANOTIN compounds have a number of toxic effects in common, the following discussion deals with various ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS.

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Based on its acute oral LD50 of 12.6 mg/kg in rats (RTECS , 1993), trimethyltin chloride is a HIGHLY TOXIC substance. It may be absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, and through the skin (EPA, 1985). It can cause chemical skin burns (Ross et al, 1981). The only serious poisonings from organotin compounds have been from ingestion and inhalation (ACGIH, 1986; Proctor et al, 1988; (Sittig, 1985; Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988). Onset of symptoms may be DELAYED UP TO 4 DAYS AFTER EXPOSURE (Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988).

The primary target of the toxicity of trimethyltin chloride and other organotin compounds is the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Psychiatric sequelae involving rage and deep depression lasting from hours to days have been reported in a group of workers exposed to trimethyltin chloride during an accidental spill in a confined area (Ross & Sholiton, 1983; Ross et al, 1981). Trimethyltin compounds have caused confusion, seizures, headache, aches and pains, memory dysfunction, insomnia, EEG abnormalities, disorientation, and anorexia (Ross et al, 1981; Fortemps et al, 1978).

Effects of trialkyl tin intoxication include headache, nausea, gastric pain, visual defects, decreased hearing, tinnitus, paresthesias, EEG abnormalities, altered consciousness, skin burns, erythema, or dermatitis, ocular and nasal irritation, and shortness of breath (Louria et al, 1972; Besser et al, 1987; Winship, 1988).

In addition, dizziness, vertigo, disorientation, tinnitus, deafness, psychosis, respiratory depression, photophobia, vomiting, urinary retention, and weakness or flaccid paralysis of the limbs may occur from exposure to organotin compounds, particularly following ingestion (Sittig, 1985; Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988). Cerebral edema and hepatic necrosis have been described following exposure to certain organotin compounds (Proctor et al, 1988). Seizures and a diffuse sensation of pain may occur (Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988).

Long-term sequelae of acute poisoning have included paresthesias, headaches, visual abnormalities, aggressive behavior, memory deficits, and extrapyramidal hyperkinesis (Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988).

Persistent neuropsychologic defects, including cognitive dysfunction and memory defects, continued for at least 4 years after acute trimethyltin exposure (Feldman et al, 1993).

Injection of organotin compounds in experimental animals has caused ataxia, unsteadiness, and paralysis. The brain is the target organ (Barnes & Stoner, 1959). Trimethyltin chloride caused irreversible brain damage in rats and marmosets (Grant, 1986; Woodruff & Baisden, 1990; Robertson et al, 1987b) O'Shaugnessy & Losos, 1986; (Snoeij et al, 1985; Brown et al, 1984).

Trimethyltin chloride has also affected vision and hearing in experimental animals. It may cause retinal damage in experimental animals (Grant, 1986) and changes in visual evoked responses (Dyer et al, 1982). Convulsions have occurred in exposed experimental animals (Hagan et al, 1988). Trimethyltin chloride caused cochlear injury in experimental animals (Fechter et al, 1986; Fechter & Carlisle, 1990; Clerici et al, 1991). Auditory loss may recover over a few weeks in rats (Fechter et al, 1986).

Trimethyltin chloride caused functional renal compromise and tubular injury in rats (Robertson et al, 1987a; Opacka & Sparrow, 1985). Polyuria followed by oliguria have been observed (Robertson et al, 1987). Trimethyltin chloride caused atrophy of the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes in rats (Hioe & Jones, 1984). Immunosuppression would be expected; triphenyltin, a closely related compound, is a potent immunosuppressant in experimental animals (Verschuuren et al, 1970).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Eye and respiratory tract irritation, skin lesions and itching, abdominal pain, sore throat, cough, and retching have occurred with occupational organotin exposure (ACGIH, 1986; (Proctor et al, 1988; Sittig, 1985). While not documented in the literature, it is assumed that chronic exposure would produce neurological effects similar to those of acute exposure.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ANIMAL DATA

In feeding studies with rats, some deaths were seen at concentrations of 15 ppm of trimethyltin chloride (Snoeij et al, 1985).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The toxicity of most organotins is not well documented. The estimated toxic dose of triethyltin is 70 milligrams within 8 days (Barnes & Stoner, 1959). Triethyltin is estimated to be 10 times as toxic as diethyltin orally (Barnes & Stoner, 1959).

CASE REPORTS

ADULT

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting occurred several hours after an acute ingestion of triphenyltin in a 23-year-old male. On the day following the ingestion severe ataxia, dysmetria, nystagmus, and blurred vision were reported (Wu et al, 1990).

Mental status changes developed 12 days after ingestion, progressing to coma which lasted for 1.5 months. A delayed sensorimotor polyneuropathy, which resolved with improved mental status, was also reported (Wu et al, 1990).

ANIMAL DATA

In feeding studies with rats, survival was seen at concentrations up to 150 ppm of trimethyltin chloride (Snoeij et al, 1985).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS1066-45-1 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS1066-45-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

Reference: RTECS, 1990
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LDLo- (ORAL)GERBIL:
- LDLo- (ORAL)HAMSTER:
- LDLo- (ORAL)PRIMATE:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS1066-45-1 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS1066-45-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS1066-45-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS1066-45-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS1066-45-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS1066-45-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS1066-45-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS1066-45-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS1066-45-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Trimethyltin Chloride
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 500

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

500/10,000
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS1066-45-1 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS1066-45-1 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS1066-45-1 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Stannane, chlorotrimethyl-

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS1066-45-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 1066-45-1.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS1066-45-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS1066-45-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS1066-45-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS1066-45-1 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Trimethyltin chloride (Chlorotrimethylstannane)
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.168
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 0.336
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 20
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 42
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS1066-45-1 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS1066-45-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

199.25

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

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40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

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66 FR 21940: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2001.

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TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents