TRIMETHYLAMINE

This compound mainly finds use as an intermediate in the production of chlorine salts, especially choline chloride (which is used as animal feed supplement) (Snyder et al, 1990; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Howard, 1990; OHM/TADS , 2000).

In 1984, approximately 15,322 tons of trimethylamine were produced in the US (Snyder et al, 1990).

This compound is also used in the manufacture of quaternary ammonium compounds and as a warning agent for natural gas (Lewis, 1997; Clayton & Clayton, 1994) ACGIH, 1991; (Snyder et al, 1990; Sittig, 1991; OHM/TADS , 2000);
in the manufacture of disinfectants (Lewis, Clayton & Clayton, 1994; (Snyder et al, 1990; OHM/TADS , 2000);
in the manufacture of plastics (organic synthesis) and floating agents (Lewis, 1997) ACGIH, 1991; (Snyder et al, 1990; OHM/TADS , 2000);
in the manufacture of cationic emulsion polymers (Snyder et al, 1990);
in the manufacture of insect attractants or repellants (Lewis, 1997) ACGIH, 1991; (Snyder et al, 1990; Sittig, 1991; OHM/TADS , 2000);
as a fungicide and as a catalyst in gas chromatography (HSDB , 2000);
as a corrosion inhibitor (Clayton & Clayton, 1994);
as synthetic flavor agent in fish and seafood, and as ingredient in synthetically fermented egg protein products (used to attract coyotes and repel deer) (Snyder et al, 1990).
Trimethylamine also finds medical use as a chemical initiator for the neuroregulator acetylcholine bromide (Snyder et al, 1990).

FORMS

Trimethylamine is sold as an aqueous solution containing 25, 30 or 40% water, or as liquified gas (anhydrous, 99% minimum grade) (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997; Snyder et al, 1990).

SOURCES

INDUSTRIAL SOURCES:

Trimethylamine can be manufactured through synthesis between paraformaldehyde and ammonium chloride, or through reaction of formaldehyde and formic acid on ammonia (Budavari, 1996; Snyder et al, 1990).
It can also be manufactured through the reaction between methanol and ammonia (in the presence of a catalyst and at high temperatures) (Ashford, 1994; Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997; Snyder et al, 1990).

During this reaction, mono-, di-, and trimethylamines are generated; subsequent separation may be done using azeotropic or extractive distillation (Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997).

ENVIRONMENTAL AND OTHER SOURCES:

Trimethylamine commonly occurs in the environment as a decomposition product of plants and animals (especially fish) (Howard, 1990).

In animal tissue, especially fish, it exists in conjugated form (Budavari, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

It is also released during decay of nitrogenous plant and animal wastes (e.g. manure in cattle feed lots) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994) ACGIH, 1991; (Howard, 1990).
It forms during bacterial breakdown of the common plant and animal tissue constituents choline and betaine, and as a result of bacterial reduction of trimethylamine N-oxide, a commonly found metabolite and excretory product of aquatic organisms (Howard, 1990).
Trimethylamine may be formed during degradation or distillation of sugar-beet pulp, (due to sugar beets' high levels of betaine) (HSDB , 2000).
Trimethylamine has also been identified in cheese, caviar, beer, whiskey, cocoa, coffee, soups (HSDB , 2000). It has also been identified as a volatile constituent in boiled beef (Howard, 1990).
Trimethylamine is contained in tobacco smoke (Howard, 1990).
It has been detected in uncultivated soil and as volatile constituent in marine algae (Howard, 1990).
When urine is stored at room temperature, trimethylamine may be generated (Budavari, 1996).
Persons with a genetically determined deficiency in the capability to N-oxidize trimethylamine excrete large quantities of this compound in their urine after eating fish or other choline rich food items (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
Facilities that manufacture or use trimethylamine may release this compound to the environment through effluents or other emissions (Howard, 1990).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

USES: Trimethylamine, considered to be corrosive, is used as a fungicide, in the manufacture of plastics, disinfectants, quaternary ammonium compounds, and insect attractants or repellants, and as a warning agent for natural gas.

TOXICOLOGY: Trimethylamine may cause liquefaction necrosis. It can saponify the fats in the cell membrane, destroying the cell and allowing deep penetration into mucosal tissue. In gastrointestinal tissue, an initial inflammatory phase may be followed by tissue necrosis (sometimes resulting in perforation), then granulation and finally stricture formation.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Trimethylamine is generally available for industrial use only. Exposure is unusual.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

Trimethylamine is considered to be an alkaline corrosive. Although there is limited information regarding specific human toxicity following exposure, the following effects may occur, based on documented human exposures with other alkaline corrosives.
MILD TO MODERATE ORAL TOXICITY: Patients with mild ingestions may only develop irritation or grade I (superficial hyperemia and edema) burns of the oropharynx, esophagus or stomach; acute or chronic complications are unlikely. Patients with moderate toxicity may develop grade II burns (superficial blisters, erosions and ulcerations) and are at risk for subsequent stricture formation, particularly esophageal. Some patients (particularly young children) may develop upper airway edema.

Alkaline corrosive ingestion may produce burns to the oropharynx, upper airway, esophagus and occasionally stomach. Spontaneous vomiting may occur. The absence of visible oral burns does NOT reliably exclude the presence of esophageal burns. The presence of stridor, vomiting, drooling, and abdominal pain are associated with serious esophageal injury in most cases.
PREDICTIVE: The grade of mucosal injury at endoscopy is the strongest predictive factor for the occurrence of systemic and GI complications and mortality.

SEVERE ORAL TOXICITY: May develop deep burns and necrosis of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Complications often include perforation (esophageal, gastric, rarely duodenal), fistula formation (tracheoesophageal, aortoesophageal), and gastrointestinal bleeding. Upper airway edema is common and often life threatening. Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea and, rarely, fever may develop. Stricture formation (esophageal, less often oral or gastric) is likely to develop long term. Esophageal carcinoma is another long term complication. Severe toxicity is generally limited to deliberate ingestions in adults in the US, because alkaline products available in the home are generally of low concentration.
INHALATION EXPOSURE: Mild exposure may cause cough and bronchospasm. Severe inhalation may cause upper airway edema and burns, stridor, and rarely acute lung injury.
OCULAR EXPOSURE: Ocular exposure can produce severe conjunctival irritation and chemosis, corneal epithelial defects, limbal ischemia, permanent visual loss and in severe cases perforation.
DERMAL EXPOSURE: Mild exposure causes irritation and partial thickness burns. Prolonged exposure or high concentration products can cause full thickness burns.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 118 (ERG, 2004)

May cause toxic effects if inhaled.
Vapors are extremely irritating.
Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested/swallowed.
Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

DILUTION

DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting (Caravati, 2004).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 118 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Keep victim under observation.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE (LIQUID FORM) - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical (liquid/solution). As required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), individuals who wear contact lenses in the workplace must combine them with appropriate industrial safety eyewear.

FROSTBITE - If eye tissue is frozen, seek medical attention immediately; if tissue is not frozen or it is unclear, immediately and thoroughly flush the eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the lower and upper eyelids. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, get medical attention as soon as possible.

DERMAL EXPOSURE (LIQUID FORM) - Immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly (liquid/solution).

FROSTBITE - If frostbite has occurred, seek medical attention immediately; do NOT rub the affected areas or flush them with water. In order to prevent further tissue damage, do NOT attempt to remove frozen clothing from frostbitten areas. If frostbite has NOT occurred, or it is unclear immediately and thoroughly wash contaminated skin with water.

INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration . Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, and respiratory system (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).

GENERAL

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. If frostbite has developed after eye or skin exposure, seek medical attention immediately and DO NOT flush exposed area with water. If frostbite has not developed, or it is unclear, exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
If frostbite has occurred, DO NOT rub affected areas, DO NOT flush affected areas with water, and DO NOT attempt to remove frozen clothing.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
Exposed eyes should be irrigated with sterile saline in a medical facility. It may take 48 to 72 hours after the burn to correctly assess the degree of ocular damage.
If frostbite has occurred, DO NOT flush with water; early ophthalmologic consultation should be obtained.

ORAL/PARENTERAL EXPOSURE

Little is known of the actual toxicology of this substance and case histories are rare. Current treatment is directed at reducing irritation and any potentially caustic effects.
PREVENTION OF ABSORPTION

DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting (Caravati, 2004).

Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.
Oral exposure to escaping gas might cause frostbite injury to the upper gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Administer oxygen and maintain airway as clinically indicated.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

Exposure levels, other than the TLV and STEL have not been established for human exposures. The TWA is 10 ppm {approximately 24 mg/m(3)} and the STEL is 15 ppm {approximately 36 mg/m(3)}. Case histories are rare.

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS75-50-3 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Trimethylamine
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Trimethylamine
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS75-50-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 2000 ITI, 1995 Lewis, 1996 OHM/TADS, 2000
- LC50- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)MOUSE:
- LDLo- (ORAL)PIG:
- LDLo- (INTRAVENOUS)RABBIT:
- LDLo- (RECTAL)RABBIT:
- LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RABBIT:
- TDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

1 ppm = 2.42 mg/m(3) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)
1 mg/L = 414 ppm (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS75-50-3 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Trimethylamine

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 5 ppm
TLV-STEL: 15 ppm
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): URT irr
Molecular Weight: 59.11

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS75-50-3 (AIHA, 2006):

Listed as Trimethylamine
1 ppm
Ceiling or Short-term TWA:
Skin Notation: No
Dermal Sensitizer: No
Candidate WEEL: No
WEEL Under Review: No

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS75-50-3 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Trimethylamine
REL:

TWA: 10 ppm (24 mg/m(3))
STEL: 15 ppm (36 mg/m(3))
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH: Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS75-50-3 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS75-50-3 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS75-50-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Trimethylamine
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS75-50-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS75-50-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS75-50-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS75-50-3 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS75-50-3 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS75-50-3 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Methanamine, N,N-dimethyl-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1083 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Trimethylamine, anhydrous

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 2.1

2.1: Flammable gas. See 49 CFR section 173.115 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1083
Packing Group: Not Listed
Label(s) required (if not excepted): 2.1

2.1: Flammable Gas.

Special Provisions: T50

T50: Applicable liquefied compressed gases are authorized to be transported in portable tanks in accordance with the requirements of sxn. 173.313 of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 306
Non-bulk packaging: 304
Bulk packaging: 314, 315

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: 150 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: B

B: (i) The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length; and (ii) "On deck only" on passenger vessels in which the number of passengers specified in paragraph (k)(2)(i) of this section is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 40

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1297 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Trimethylamine, aqueous solutions with not more than 50 percent trimethylamine by mass

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1297
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3, 8

3: Flammable Liquid.
8: Corrosive.

Special Provisions: T11, TP1

T11: Minimum test pressure (bar): 6; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 201
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 0.5 L
Cargo aircraft only: 2.5 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: D

D: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but the material is prohibited on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 40

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Trimethylamine, aqueous solutions with not more than 50 percent trimethylamine by mass

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1297
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3, 8

3: Flammable Liquid.
8: Corrosive.

Special Provisions: B1, IB2, T7, TP1

B1: If the material has a flash point at or above 38 °C (100 °F) and below 93 °C (200 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.241 of this subchapter are applicable. If the material has a flash point of less than 38 °C (100 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.242 of this subchapter are applicable.
IB2: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized.
T7: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 202
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 1 L
Cargo aircraft only: 5 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: B

B: (i) The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length; and (ii) "On deck only" on passenger vessels in which the number of passengers specified in paragraph (k)(2)(i) of this section is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 40

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Trimethylamine, aqueous solutions with not more than 50 percent trimethylamine by mass

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1297
Packing Group: III

III: Packing Group III - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is minor.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3, 8

3: Flammable Liquid.
8: Corrosive.

Special Provisions: B1, IB3, T7, TP1

B1: If the material has a flash point at or above 38 °C (100 °F) and below 93 °C (200 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.241 of this subchapter are applicable. If the material has a flash point of less than 38 °C (100 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.242 of this subchapter are applicable.
IB3: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1 and 31HA2, 31HB2, 31HN2, 31HD2 and 31HH2). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130 kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized, except for UN2672 (also see Special Provision IP8 in Table 3 for UN2672).
T7: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 150
Non-bulk packaging: 203
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 5 L
Cargo aircraft only: 60 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: 40, 41

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".
41: Stow "away from" mercury and its compounds.

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1083 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Trimethylamine, anhydrous
UN Number: 1083

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1297 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Trimethylamine, aqueous solution, not more than 50% trimethylamine, by mass
UN Number: 1297

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS75-50-3 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Trimethylamine
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 3

(3) Seriously toxic material. Short term exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury even though prompt medical treatment is given. Includes known or suspect small animal carcinogens, mutagens, or teratogens.

Flammability Rating (Red): 4

(4) Extremely flammable. Materials which will rapidly vaporize at normal pressure and temperature and will burn readily. Including: gases, cryogenic materials, any liquid or gaseous material having a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point below 100 degrees F, and materials which can form explosive mixtures with air.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 0

(0) Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Suitable containers for the anhydrous form are: glass bottles, cans, drums, tank cars and tank trailers (NFPA, 1997).
Protect container against physical damage (ITI, 1995).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

If possible, store trimethylamine in an outside or detached storage facility. Aqueous solution may be stored inside in a standard flammable liquid storage room or cabinet. Gas containers should be stored in cool, dry and ventilated area, and isolated from oxidizing materials, acids and sources of halogens (ITI, 1995). Ambient temperature is suitable for storage (CHRIS , 2000). Remove all possible sources of ignition (such as smoking, open flame). Use only non-sparking tools and equipment and explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings (Sittig, 1991).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Trimethylamine reacts with: oxidixing materials, acids, sources of halogens (such as chlorine, hypochlorite and other halogenated compounds), reactive organic compounds and some reactive metals , and nitrosating compounds (NFPA, 1997).
This compound forms explosive mixtures with air and attacks / corrodes the chemically active metals aluminum, copper, zinc, and their alloys (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
Tin and tin alloys are also corroded by this compound (OHM/TADS , 2000).
Explosion may occur upon contact with mercury (Sittig, 1991; NFPA, 1997).
Contamination of large volumes of ethylene oxide with trimethylamine-containing compounds have been reported to lead to delayed explosion (NFPA, 1997).
Explosive reactions are possible between trimethylamine is exposed to bromine and heat, ethylene oxide or triethynylaluminum (Lewis, 1996).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 118 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Prevent skin contact with trimethylamine by wearing gloves and clothing made of chlorinated polyethylene. Provide daily clean protective clothing to the workers, and have workers put it on before work. Provide appropriate type of goggles or full facepiece protection (Sittig, 1991).

Always wear protective clothing to handle broken packages (AAR, 1998).

If skin contact occurred, wash material off with large volumes of water, or with soap and water (AAR, 1998).

Avoid breathing in vapors (AAR, 1998).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

If workers have to handle liquid trimethylamine solution, provide splash-proof chemical goggles or full facepiece respiratory protection. If workers handle gas, provide gas-proof goggles or full facepiece respiratory protection (Sittig, 1991).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Use of positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus is recommended for fire fighting activities and safe handling and use of trimethylamine (AAR, 1998; NFPA, 1997).

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 75-50-3.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.001
Notes: gas
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: gas
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: gas
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: gas
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: gas
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: gas
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Teflon Laminate

Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc.

Commander Ultrapro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >180
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc. P. O. Box P.O. Box 278 McBee, SC 29101 USA Phone: (843) 335-8211 Fax: (843) 355-8599 Toll-Free: (843) 335-8211 Website: http://www.marmac.com Email: info@marmac.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: Information from more than one emergency response guide is associated with this material.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 118 (ERG, 2004)
- EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.
- May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- May form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Some of these materials may react violently with water.
- Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Ruptured cylinders may rocket.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
- Flammable/combustible materials.
- May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
Trimethylamine is self-reactive (Lewis, 1996). It is easily ignited (NFPA, 1997).
When exposed to heat or flame, trimethylamine represents a VERY DANGEROUS fire hazard. Both the anhydrous form and the aqueous solution are FLAMMABLE (Lewis, 1996).
When exposed to heat, this compound emits toxic fumes of various oxides of nitrogen (NOx) during decomposition (Lewis, 1996).
This compound forms explosive mixtures with air (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS75-50-3 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Trimethylamine
Flammability Rating: 4

(4) Extremely flammable. Materials which will rapidly vaporize at normal pressure and temperature and will burn readily. Including: gases, cryogenic materials, any liquid or gaseous material having a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point below 100 degrees F, and materials which can form explosive mixtures with air.

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 118 (ERG, 2004)

DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Some of these materials may react violently with water.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 118 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical or CO2.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 118 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Do not get water inside containers.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

TANK FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 118 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS75-50-3 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Trimethylamine
Extinguishing Method(s): 6

6: Flammable gas fires are only safe to extinguish once the gas flow has been turned off. Attempting to fight a gas fire without turning off the gas can cause formation of an explosive gas cloud.

If trimethylamine is on fire or involved in fire, stop flow of gas or liquid before attempting to combat fire. Apply flooding quantities of water as fog from a distant location to extinguish fire and to cool containers exposed to heat of flame. If trimethylamine is NOT involved in fire, isolate containers from any potential source of ignition (such as sparks, flames, combustion engines, road flares). Try to stop any leaks. Knock-down released vapors using water spray. Keep runoff material out of sewers and water sources (AAR, 1998).

Stop flow of gas before attempting to combat fire. Cool containers exposed to heat of fire using water spray. Aqueous solution will burn until it is diluted to non-flammable concentration (NFPA, 1997).

Fires may be extinguished using water spray, carbon dioxide powder or "alcohol resistant" foam agents (ITI, 1995; NFPA, 1997).

Fires involving trimethylamine gas may be extinguished using dry chemical or CO2 extinguishers. Fires involving liquid trimethylamine may be extinguished using dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or foam extinguisher (Sittig, 1991).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When exposed to fire, poisonous gases are released from trimethylamine, including various oxides of nitrogen (Sittig, 1991).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Containers of trimethylamine may rupture when exposed to heat or fire (OHM/TADS , 2000).

When exposed to heat or flame, vapors of this compound are moderately explosive. Explosive reactions are possible between trimethylamine and bromine and heat, ethylene oxide or triethynylaluminum (Lewis, 1996).

Explosion may occur upon contact with mercury (Sittig, 1991; NFPA, 1997).

Grant (1993) reports one incidence, where a glass ampule of liquefied trimethylamine (placed in dry ice) exploded when opening was attempted.

Contamination of large volumes of ethylene oxide with trimethylamine-containing compounds have been reported to lead to delayed explosion (NFPA, 1997).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Vapors are heavier than air. They may spread and ignite on a distant source of ignition (Sittig, 1991; NFPA, 1997).

Trimethylamine gas is corrosive and easily ignited. When dissolved in water, it forms a corrosive and flammable solution (AAR, 1998).

Decomposition products include: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen (TOXIC) and amine vapors (TOXIC) (NFPA, 1997).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Trimethylamine reacts with: oxidixing materials, acids, sources of halogens (such as chlorine, hypochlorite and other halogenated compounds), reactive organic compounds and some reactive metals , and nitrosating compounds (NFPA, 1997).

This compound forms explosive mixtures with air and attacks / corrodes the chemically active metals aluminum, copper, zinc, and their alloys (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Tin and tin alloys are also corroded by this compound (OHM/TADS , 2000).

Explosion may occur upon contact with mercury (Sittig, 1991; NFPA, 1997).

Explosive reactions are possible between trimethylamine and bromine and heat, ethylene oxide or triethynylaluminum (Lewis, 1996)

Explosion may occur when the 1:1 adduct of the reaction between bromine and trimethylamine (presumably N-bromotrimethylammonium bromide) decomposes under heat in a sealed tube (Urben, 1995).

Contamination of large volumes of ethylene oxide with trimethylamine-containing compounds have been reported to lead to delayed explosion (NFPA, 1997).

During mixing of anhydrous gas and water, the gas boils on the water (NFPA, 1997).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 118 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile).

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 118 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 118 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132(ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

If fire in the vicinity becomes uncontrollable, or containers of trimethylamine gas are directly exposed to flames, evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius around the container may be advised. If trimethylamine gas or liquid is leaking but not on fire, areas downwind from the spill location may have to be evacuated. Consider factors such as amount of spilled material, spill location and weather conditions (AAR, 1998).

Keep combustion engines at least 20 yards from spilled trimethylamine and its vapor cloud. Notify local fire, air and water authorities and evacuate an area of at least 200 feet upwind and 1,000 feet downwind from the spill (OHM/TADS , 2000).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS75-50-3 (AIHA, 2006):

Listed as Trimethylamine
ERPG-1 (units = ppm): 0.1
ERPG-2 (units = ppm): 100
ERPG-3 (units = ppm): 500
Under Ballot, Review, or Consideration: No
Definitions:

ERPG-1: The ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing more than mild, transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor.
ERPG-2: The ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take protective action.
ERPG-3: The ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS75-50-3 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Trimethylamine
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 5
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 8
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 120
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 380
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS75-50-3 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Listed as: Trimethylamine (TMA)
Proposed Value:

AEGL-1

10 min exposure:

ppm: 8 ppm
mg/m3: 19 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 8 ppm
mg/m3: 19 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 8 ppm
mg/m3: 19 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 8 ppm
mg/m3: 19 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 8 ppm
mg/m3: 19 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.

Listed as: Trimethylamine (TMA)
Proposed Value:

AEGL-2

10 min exposure:

ppm: 240 ppm
mg/m3: 580 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 150 ppm
mg/m3: 360 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 120 ppm
mg/m3: 290 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 67 ppm
mg/m3: 160 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 51 ppm
mg/m3: 120 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

Listed as: Trimethylamine (TMA)
Proposed Value:

AEGL-3

10 min exposure:

ppm: 750 ppm
mg/m3: 1800 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 490 ppm
mg/m3: 1200 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 380 ppm
mg/m3: 920 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 220 ppm
mg/m3: 530 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 170 ppm
mg/m3: 410 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS75-50-3 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 118 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.
- Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
- Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
- Isolate area until gas has dispersed.
SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
- Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers (except for Hydrazine).
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 118 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
To contain land spills of liquid, dig a holding area (lagoon or pond). Build a dike using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane or foamed cement to contain surface flow. Fly ash, cement powder, or commercial absorbents may be used to absorb bulk quantities of liquid material, sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4) is suitable to neutralize the solution (AAR, 1998).
Treat spill or leak with sodium bisulfate and spray water over it (ITI, 1995).
Isolate discharged material, and use water spray to dilute spills to non-flammable concentrations. Pools of diluted trimethylamine solution may then be neutralized using 5% sulfuric acid. The resulting mixture may be absorbed into non-combustible material for disposal. Carefully control any runoff (NFPA, 1997).
Following a spill of liquid trimethylamine, absorb the fluid with sodium bisulfate, sand, vermiculite or a similar material (Sittig, 1991).
To limit the spread of spills in water, use natural barriers or oil spill control booms. The encircled spill may then be solidified using a "universal" gelling agent. The solidified mass can then be removed using mechanical dredges or lifts. Detergents, soaps or alcohol or other surface active agents may be used if their use was approved by EPA. If trimethylamine is dissolved in water, apply activated carbon in regions of 10 ppm or greater, using approximately 10 times as much carbon as the amount spilled into the water. Neutralize the resulting solution with sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4) (AAR, 1998).
Alternatively, under controlled conditions, trimethylamine-contaminated water may be pumped into a suitable container, followed by the addition of lime (amount sufficient to reach pH 9.0). The resulting solution can then be passed through a dual filtration filter system and an activated carbon filter. Following this step, the remaining solution can be adjusted to pH7 (OHM/TADS , 2000).
Following spill into water, notify downstream users of increasingly developing foul fish odor (OHM/TADS , 2000).
Control leaking trimethylamine gas by shutting off gas sources and using water spray to disperse any vapors (Sittig, 1991).
Water used to knock-down vapors may create a corrosive and toxic solution. Contain it by building dikes (AAR, 1999).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Aqueous solution of trimethylamine may be neutralized using acetic acid, or it may be evaporated to remove the chemical (HSDB , 2000).
Pour aqueous solution of trimethylamine into sodium bisulfate, using a large evaporation dish. Add water and neutralize the mixture (ITI, 1995).
Industrial sewage or malodorous gas containing amines may be treated with ozone (HSDB , 2000).
Closed pollution control systems with deodorizing facilities have been shown to reduce the amount of trimethylamine released in the air (HSDB , 2000).
Do NOT ignite this compound to restore beach or shore lines. Instead, fill soil containing spilled trimethylamine into vented drums, and dispose of the mixture at an approved landfill (OHM/TADS , 2000).
"At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices." (HSDB , 2000).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

Dissolve trimethylamine in a combustible solvent (such as alcohol), and either burn the mixture in an open furnace (carefully ignited from a safe distance) or spray the mixture into the fire chamber of a furnace equipped with afterburner and scrubber (ITI, 1995).
Waste gas containing trimethylamine may be passed through a layer of metal oxides or metal carbide-coated metal mesh for deodorization. Trimethylamine is removed from the waste gas at temperatures between 600 and 900 degrees C (HSDB , 2000).
Sprinkling sawdust, hulls or charred hulls in a room with trimethylamine vapors has been shown to reduce the amount of trimethylamine in the air (HSDB , 2000).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Trimethylamine commonly occurs in the environment as a decomposition product of plants and animals (especially fish) (Howard, 1990).

In animal tissue, especially fish, it exists in conjugated form (Budavari, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

It is also released during decay of nitrogenous plant and animal wastes (e.g. manure in cattle feed lots) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994) ACGIH, 1991; (Howard, 1990).

It forms during bacterial breakdown of the common plant and animal tissue constituents choline and betaine, and as a result of bacterial reduction of trimethylamine N-oxide, a commonly found metabolite and excretory product of aquatic organisms (Howard, 1990).

Trimethylamine may be formed during degradation or distillation of sugar-beet pulp, (due to sugar beets' high levels of betaine) (HSDB , 2000).

It has been detected in uncultivated soil and as volatile constituent in marine algae (Howard, 1990).

Facilities that manufacture or use trimethylamine may release this compound to the environment through effluents or other emissions (Howard, 1990).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

Based on its vapor pressure, trimethylamine should exist in the atmosphere predominately in the vapor phase. Removal from this medium should be primarily via reaction with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals. Estimated half-life of trimethylamine in the atmosphere is 4 hours (based on reaction rate constant of 6.09x10(-11) cm(3)/mole-sec at 25.5 degrees C, and assuming an average ambient hydroxyl radical concentration of 8.0x10(5) moles/cm(3)) (Howard, 1990).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- In water, trimethylamine will be removed either via volatilization or via biodegradation. Under aerobic conditions, primarily dimethylamine, formaldehyde, formate and carbon dioxide would form, under anaerobic conditions, primarily dimethylamine, ammonia and methane would form. Volatilization half-life in a model river (1 m deep, flow rate 1 m/sec) has been estimated at 11 hours. Chemical hydrolysis and reaction with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals are expected to be only minor processes. In water, the half-life for the reaction between trimethylamine and photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 62 days (based on reaction rate constant of 1.3x10(10) L/mole-sec, and ambient hydroxyl concentration of 1x10(-17) mole/L) (Howard, 1990).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- In moist soil, trimethylamine would primarily undergo biodegradation. Development of degradation products depends on the aeration status of the soil: under aerobic conditions, primarily dimethylamine, formaldehyde, formate and carbon dioxide would form; under anaerobic conditions, primarily dimethylamine, ammonia and methane would form. Chemical hydrolysis is expected to play only a minor role as degradation process (Howard, 1990).
- In dry soil, rapid volatilization is expected to be the main fate process (based on vapor pressure). Little information is available on potential absorption of trimethylamine to soil particles (Howard, 1990).
- Trimethylamine is a base, and at environmental pH-levels of 5-9, it should exist mainly as cation. It is therefore possible that soil absorption is greater and soil mobility is lower than would be expected given the estimated Koc-values of 4 (based on water solubility) and 29 (based on Kow), respectively (Howard, 1990).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

In water, the half-life for the reaction between trimethylamine and photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 62 days (based on reaction rate constant of 1.3x10(10) L/mole-sec, and ambient hydroxyl concentration of 1x10(-17) mole/L) (Howard, 1990).

In the atmosphere, the half-life for the reaction between trimethylamine and photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 4 hours (based on reaction rate constant of 6.09x10(-11) cm(3)/mole-sec at 25.5 degrees C, assuming an average ambient hydroxyl radical concentration of 8.0x10(5) moles/cm(3)). The reaction between trimethylamine and ozone or singlet oxygen are not considered major fate processes because the half-life with ozone is estimated to be 1.4 days and for oxygen it is estimated to be 15 days. (Basis for ozone estimates were a measured reaction rate constant of 9.73x10(-18) cm(3)/molecule-sec at 23 degrees C and ambient air concentrations of 6.0x10(11) molecules/cm(3). Basis for oxygen estimates were an experimentally determined reaction rate constant of 22.0x10(-12) cm(3)/molecule-sec at 24.4 degrees C and an ambient singlet oxygen concentration of 2.5x10(4) molecules/cm(3)) (Howard, 1990).

BIODEGRADATION

Numerous strains of bacteria (isolated from seawater, lake water, mud, garden soil, activated sludge) are capable of growing on trimethylamine. Following inocculation of a mineral salt medium with a mixed culture of microorganisms, about 24% of the initial trimethylamine contents were converted to dimethylamine within 36 hours. Addition of trimethylamine to a marine sediment slurry resulted in removal of about 35% of the chemical within 12 hours (Howard, 1990).

In marine sediment, 35.1 to 61.1% of the produced methane were generated through fermentation of trimethylamine. In anoxic salt marsh sediment, the microorganism Spartina foliosa generated 90% of the developing methane through this fermentation process (Howard, 1990).

During microbial degradation in soil, more trimethylamine is converted into dimethylamine under acidic conditions as compared to neutral conditions, and under aerobic conditions as compared to anaerobic conditions (Howard, 1990).

BIOACCUMULATION

FISH

Bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms is expected to be only a minor fate process (Howard, 1990).

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

Estimated to be less than 1 (Howard, 1990).
Compound will not accumulate in the food chain (OHM/TADS , 2000).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

LC50 - (WATER) FATHEAD MINNOW: 82 ppm for 96H (estimate, based on toxicity of triethylamine of 141 ppm)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

59.11

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Trimethylamine (anhydrous) is a colorless gas; it is shipped as liquefied compressed gas (Lewis, 1997) Lewis, 1996).

At temperatures below 37 degree F, it exists as a liquid (HSDB , 2000; NIOSH , 2000).
At 15 degrees C and 1 atm pressure, it exists as a gas (CHRIS , 2000).

This compound exists as a volatile liquid, emitting a fishy odor (Lewis, 1996).

Its odor has been describes as unpleasant, pungent, fishy, ammoniacal (Budavari, 1996; Grant & Schuman, 1993; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1997). Only 7% of the human population are not able to smell this compound (HSDB , 2000).
At low concentrations, this compound has a characteristic fishy odor. At concentrations between 100 to 500 ppm, the odor resembles that of ammonia (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

It has a saline taste (Budavari, 1996; ITI, 1995).

During decay, it is converted to the free tertiary amine (Budavari, 1996).

At pH 3.3 and 100 degrees C, trimethylamine can be converted to dimethylnitrosamine (ACGIH, 1991).

Decomposition products include: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and amine vapors (NFPA, 1997).

Under anaerobic conditions, bacterial decomposition products include: dimethylamine, formaldeyde, formate and carbon dioxide. Under aerobic conditions, microbial decomposition products include: dimethylamine, ammonia and methane (Snyder et al, 1990).

Strong base (Budavari, 1996).

Dissolving the anhydrous gas in water generates a very strong alkaline solution (NFPA, 1997)

VAPOR PRESSURE

400 mmHg (at -12.5 degrees C) (ITI, 1995)

760 mmHg (at 2.9 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Snyder et al, 1990)

760 mmHg (at 3 degrees C) (ITI, 1995)

193.1 kPa; 28.0 psig (at 20 degrees C; 68 degrees F) (CGA, 1999)

1607 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Howard, 2000)

1610 mmHg (at 25 degrees C; calculated from experimentally derived coefficients) (HSDB , 2000)

LIQUID: 1650 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (NFPA, 1997)

AQUEOUS SOLUTION: 215 to 500 mmHg (NFPA, 1997)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

STANDARD TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(0 degrees C; 32 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
GAS: 0.6709 g/ mL (0 degrees C/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996; ITI, 1995; Clayton & Clayton, 1994) ACGIH, 1991)

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

GAS: 0.6356 (20 degrees C/4 degrees C) (CHRIS , 2000) ACGIH, 1991)

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

0.6621 (at -5 degrees C) (Lewis, 1997)
0.662 (at -5 degrees C) (Lewis, 1996)
0.64 kg/L (at 4 degrees C) (Ashford, 1994)
0.6356 (at 20 degrees C) (Snyder et al, 1990)
LIQUID: 0.66 (at -5 degrees C) (NFPA, 1997)
AQUEOUS SOLUTION: 0.83 to 0.93 (NFPA, 1997)

SATURATED VAPOR DENSITY

0.29910 lb/ft(3) (at 70 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-117 degrees C (Ashford, 1994)
-117.1 degrees C (Lewis, 1997; Lewis, 1996)
GAS: -117.1 degrees C; -178.8 degrees F (at 1 atm) (CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 2000)
AQUEOUS SOLUTION: "will freeze at proportionately higher temperatures" than the gas (NFPA, 1997)

MELTING POINT

-117.08 degrees C (Budavari, 1996)
-117.2 degrees C (Lewis, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; ACGIH, 1991; Snyder et al, 1990; Howard, 1990)
-124 degrees C (ITI, 1995)
GAS: -118 degrees C; -179 degrees F (NFPA, 1997)
GAS: Solidifies at -124 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991)

BOILING POINT

GAS: 2.87 degrees C (at 760 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; ACGIH, 1991; Snyder et al, 1990; Howard, 1990)

GAS: 2.89 degrees C; 37.2 degrees F (at 1 atm) (CGA, 1999)

GAS: 3 degrees C; 37 degrees F (NFPA, 1997)

GAS: 3 - 4 degrees C (Sittig, 1991)

GAS: 3.2 - 3.8 degrees C (at 747 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

3 degrees C (Ashford, 1994)

-4 degrees C (Lewis, 1997)

AQUEOUS SOLUTION: "will boil 65 to 85 degrees F (40 to 50 degrees C) higher" than the gas (NFPA, 1997)

FLASH POINT

20 degrees F (closed cup) (Lewis, 1996)

-12.2 degrees C; 10 degrees F (closed cup) (Lewis, 1997; Lewis, 1996)

3.3 degrees C (closed cup) (ITI, 1995)

3.33 degrees C (OHM/TADS , 2000)

AQUEOUS SOLUTION (25%): 3.3 degrees C; 38 degrees F (Tagliabue open cup) (Lewis, 1997; Lewis, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

374 degrees F (Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997; CGA, 1999)

190 degrees C (ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1997; CGA, 1999)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

2% (Lewis, 1996) CGA, 1999; (ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991)

UPPER

11.6% (Lewis, 1996) CGA, 1999; (ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Miscible with water (Ashford, 1994)
Soluble in water (Budavari, 1996; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Snyder et al, 1990)
The anhydrous gas is very soluble in water (NFPA, 1997)
4.1x10(5) mg/L (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000)
475,000 ppm (at 25 degrees C and at 30 degrees C) (OHM/TADS , 2000)
47.5 weight % (at 30 degrees C; 86 degrees F and 1 atm) (CGA, 1999)
890,000 mL/L (at 30 degrees C) (Howard, 1990)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Miscible with oxygenated solvents, soluble in chlorinated and aromatic solvents (Ashford, 1994)
Miscible with alcohol (Lewis, 1996)
Soluble in :

alcohol, (Budavari, 1996; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1997; Snyder et al, 1990)
ether (Budavari, 1996; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1997; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Snyder et al, 1990)
benzene, toluene (Budavari, 1996; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Snyder et al, 1990)
xylene, chloroform (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Snyder et al, 1990)
ethylbenzene (Budavari, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Snyder et al, 1990).

At 1 atm and 20 degrees C, 600 cc of trimethylamine dissolve in 1 cc ethanol (HSDB , 2000).

OTHER

Amines have a tendency to be fat soluble (HSDB , 2000).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = 0.16 (Howard, 1990; Snyder et al, 1990)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

1.04x10(-4) atm m(3)/mol (at 25 degrees C) (Howard, 1990)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

9718 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Prism Collection) (HSDB , 2000)

MASS

34 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York) (HSDB , 2000)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

The following thresholds have been reported (HSDB , 2000):
1.70 ppm (detection in water, chemically pure)
3.67X10(-4) ppm (detection in water, chemically pure)
5.00X10(-4) mg/kg (detection in water)
2.10X10(-4) ppm (recognition in air, chemically pure)
2.20X10(11) molecules/cm(3) (in air, purity not specified)
Low: 0.36 mg/m(3); High: 1.12 mg/m(3)
0.00011 to 0.87 ppm (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)
0.00044 ppm (Sittig, 1991)
0.00021 ppm (OHM/TADS , 2000)

ORGANIC CARBON PARTITION COEFFICIENT

4 and 29 (estimated based on water solubility of 4.1X10(5) mg/L and log Kow of 0.16) (HSDB , 2000)

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Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents