ARSENIC TRICHLORIDE

It is used in the ceramics and metallurgy industries, in the production of organic arsenical pharmaceuticals, herbicides, and insecticides, and in the synthesis of chloro- derivatives of arsine (Budavari, 1996; ITI, 1995; Harbison, 1998; Hathaway et al, 1996; Lewis, 1997; HSDB , 2000).

FORMS

Arsenic trichloride is a colorless or yellow oily liquid, which fumes in air and has an unpleasant acrid odor and sweetish, metallic taste (AAR, 1998; (Budavari, 1996; Hathaway et al, 1996; ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991; Lewis, 1998; Lewis, 1997).
Arsenic trichloride releases ARSENIC and HYDROCHLORIC ACID upon contact with water or when heated to decomposition (AAR, 1998; (Lewis, 1996; EPA, 1985; OHM/TADS , 1991; HSDB , 2000). Its toxicity is determined by both of these components.

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Arsenic trichloride is a colorless or yellow oily liquid with an unpleasant, acrid odor which fumes in air. On contact with water or when heated to decomposition, arsenic and hydrochloric acid are released. The fumes are very irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes.

Ingestion can cause severe irritation of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach. Laryngeal or tracheal edema may occur and compromise the airway. Severe esophageal erosions may be seen in ingestions. Direct dermal exposure can cause irritation and blistering. Following inhalation, ingestion, or dermal exposure, arsenic is absorbed systemically and arsenic poisoning results.

Arsenic trichloride is mutagenic in bacteria, hamster embryo cells, and human leukocytes.

Acute arsenic ingestion generally produces symptoms within 30 to 60 minutes, but onset may be delayed for several hours if ingested with food. A metallic or garlic taste, vomiting, abdominal pain, dysphagia, and profuse watery (rice-water-like) and sometimes bloody diarrhea may occur. Dehydration, intense thirst, and fluid-electrolyte disturbances are common. Hypovolemia from capillary leaking ("third spacing" of fluids) is a common early event.

Systemic arsenic poisoning from occupational exposure is uncommon. Arsenic workers have developed a hoarse voice, nasal irritation and possibly perforation of the nasal septum, irritation of eyes, skin, and mucous membranes, and rarely, cirrhosis of the liver. Nausea and vomiting are infrequent. Painful ulceration of the wrist and scrotal skin, lips, and nostrils may develop with dust exposure.

The primary target organs initially are the gastrointestinal tract, heart, brain, and kidneys. Eventually, the skin, bone marrow, and peripheral nervous system may be significantly damaged. The peripheral neuropathy appears similar regardless of the route of exposure.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death.
Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases.
Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Arsenic trichloride fumes or dust are very irritating to the eyes, skin, nose, throat, and mucous membranes (AAR, 1998; (Lewis, 1997; EPA, 1985; Grant, 1993; HSDB , 2000).

Irritation of the eyes by arsenic trichloride fumes can be characterized by redness, lacrimation, and feelings of itching or burning (Grant, 1993; HSDB , 2000).

Direct dermal exposure can cause irritation and blistering of the skin causing serious damage at the point of contact (Lewis, 1998; EPA, 1985; Sittig, 1991).

Arsenic trichloride irritates and inflames the mucous membranes of the nose, greatly increasing the permeability of blood capillaries (HSDB , 2000; Morgan, 1993; EPA, 1985). Sensations of burning and dryness, and constriction of the nasal cavities may follow, even leading to perforations of the septum (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Hathaway et al, 1996).

Following ingestion, arsenic trichloride can cause severe irritation of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach (EPA, 1985; HSDB , 2000). Immediate effects include burning sensations of the lips, constriction of the throat and difficulty swallowing (Hathaway et al, 1996; HSDB , 2000). Severe corrosion can occur in the esophagus or stomach. Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis accompanied by loss of electrolytes and fluids, collapse, and shock may result (Sittig, 1991; HSDB , 2000).

Acute arsenic ingestion generally produces symptoms within 30 to 60 minutes, but symptom onset may be delayed for several hours if ingested with food (Morgan, 1993; Sittig, 1991; HSDB , 2000).

Following ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure to arsenic trichloride, systemic arsenic poisoning can occur (CHRIS , 2000; EPA, 1985; HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1998).

The primary target organs of arsenic poisoning initially are the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, liver, heart, and brain. Eventually, the skin, bone marrow, and peripheral nervous system may be significantly damaged (Finkel, 1983; Morgan, 1993; Sittig, 1991; HSDB , 2000).

A sweet metallic taste, or garlic odor of the breath and feces, may help identify arsenic trichloride poisoning. Additional symptoms include severe abdominal pain, vomiting, dysphagia, and profuse watery (rice water-like) and sometimes bloody diarrhea (EPA, 1988; HSDB , 2000; Morgan, 1993; Hathaway et al, 1996; Sittig, 1991).

Dehydration, intense thirst, and fluid-electrolyte disturbances are common. Hypovolemia from capillary leaking ("third spacing" of fluids) and increased capillary permeability are common early signs of poisoning (Morgan, 1993; EPA, 1988; HSDB , 2000).

Renal injury is manifest as oliguria with hematuria, proteinuria, and glycosuria, and in severe cases of poisoning, acute tubular necrosis may occur (Morgan, 1993; HSDB , 2000).

Arsenic trichloride damages hepatic parenchyma, producing elevated liver enzymes, fatty infiltration, central necrosis, and cirrhosis (HSDB , 2000).

Cardiovascular effects can result from electrolyte disturbances and direct toxic action after arsenic trichloride intoxication, causing cardiac arrhythmias and ECG abnormalities that may persist for months after recovery (Morgan, 1993; HSDB , 2000).

Permanent encephalopathy may ensue from acute exposure to arsenic compounds. The encephalopathy can result in atrophy of the cortex one to six months after exposure (Fincher & Koerker, 1987).

Acute central nervous system effects can include headaches, dizziness, muscle weakness and spasms, cold sweats, lethargy, delirium, occasional convulsion, and syncope; in severe cases, general paralysis, coma, and even death may result (HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1996; Morgan, 1993).

Peripheral neuropathy of both the sensory and motor neurons can appear after arsenic trichloride intoxication, regardless of the route of exposure (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Harbison, 1998). It commonly begins one to 3 weeks later (Le Quesne & McLeod, 1977; Heyman et al, 1956), usually as paresthesias of the soles of the feet, then the hands, progressing proximally over the next few days (Heyman et al, 1956). Severe muscle weakness and wasting then develops, distal more so than proximal, causing disability (Le Quesne & McLeod, 1977; Donofrio et al, 1987; Heyman et al, 1956). It may initially be confused with Guillain-Barre syndrome (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Donofrio et al, 1987).

Physical findings of arsenic neuropathy usually include prominently decreased sensation to touch, pinprick, and temperature, frequently in a stocking and glove distribution (Harbison, 1998; Heyman et al, 1956). Loss of vibration sense, loss of reflex, and muscle weakness are also common. Wrist drop, foot drop, and fasciculations may also occur (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Heyman et al, 1956).

Arsenic inhibits enzymes required for cellular respiration and has the effect of depleting cellular energy stores, leading to cellular death (Schoolmeester & White, 1980).

Hemolysis, pancytopenia, and hypoplastic anemia may occur after acute arsenic poisoning (ITI, 1995; Kyle & Pease, 1965; Kjeldsberg & Ward, 1972).

MEE'S LINES, transverse white lines in the nails, may be seen after acute exposure. Mee's lines commonly take 5 weeks to appear above the cuticle and advance 1 mm per week afterwards, allowing an approximation of the time of acute exposure (Heyman et al, 1956).

In animals, acute symptoms of arsenic trichloride poisoning can include salivation, thirst, vomition, violent colic, watery and sometimes bloody diarrhea, and exhaustion. Symptoms may progress to depression and loss of appetite, staggering gait, trembling, stupor, paralysis of hind quarters, and convulsions. Paracute arsenic poisoning may lead to death so rapidly, that symptoms of illness are never observed (HSDB , 2000).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Chronic arsenic poisoning from arsenic trichloride produces dermal manifestations more prominently than the gastrointestinal effects which characterize acute poisoning. Skin hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratosis, edema of the face, eyelids, and ankles, excessive salivation and sweating with a garlic odor to both the breath and perspiration, exfoliative dermatitis, and cancerous skin changes (See CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS section), are early signs of chronic poisoning (Morgan, 1993; HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1996) Raffle, 1994). Loss of hair or nails, and white striations across nails (Mee's lines) may also occur (HSBD, 2000; (Morgan, 1993; Finkel, 1983).

Workers chronically exposed to arsenic by inhalation and dermal contact have developed a hoarse voice, sore throat, nasal irritation and possible perforation of the nasal septum, irritation of eyes, skin, and mucous membranes, and (rarely) cirrhosis of the liver (ACGIH, 1996; (Harbison, 1998; Sittig, 1991; HSDB , 2000; Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

Arsenic trichloride is highly irritating to the eyes; chronic exposure can cause conjunctivitis with lacrimation and sensations of irritation, possibly due to the excretion of arsenic in the tears. It is under debate whether or not organic arsenicals selectively affect the optic nerve or retina causing blindness (Grant, 1993; Hathaway et al, 1996).

Disturbances of the digestive system such as cramps, stomatitis, constipation or diarrhea, nausea, and loss of appetite and body weight, may result from chronic arsenic trichloride exposure (Lewis, 1996; Morgan, 1993; HSDB , 2000). Liver damage, revealed as hepatomegaly and jaundice, may progress to cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and ascites (Lewis, 1996; Morgan, 1993; HSDB , 2000).

Chronic systemic poisoning can also be characterized by peripheral neuritis, manifested by confusion and weakness, incoordination, burning or tingling discomfort in the hands and feet, paresthesia, and hyperthesia (Grant, 1993; HSDB , 2000; ITI, 1995).

Arsenicals can affect the bone marrow and alter the cellular composition of the blood (HSDB , 2000). Arsenic has a depressant effect on bone marrow disturbing erythropoiesis and myelopoiesis (ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991). Hematological evaluation after chronic arsenic trichloride exposure usually reveals hypoplastic or aplastic anemia, sometimes accompanied by leukopenia. Acute myelogenous leukemia has been reported, and eosinophilia and anisocytosis may be evident (ITI, 1995; HSDB , 2000; Kjeldsberg & Ward, 1972).

Impairment of peripheral circulation as well as Raynaud's phenomenon have been reported as related to long-term exposure to arsenic compounds (Hathaway et al, 1996).

Electrocardiogram changes have been seen after chronic arsenic exposure, these changes are attributed to electrolyte disturbances caused by arsenic poisoning (Sittig, 1991).

In animals, chronic symptoms of arsenic trichloride poisoning may include indigestion, thirst, wasting, dry coat, weak and irregular pulse, and brick red-colored mucous membranes (HSDB , 2000).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

INHALATION EXPOSURE

Move patient from the toxic environment to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty in breathing develops, evaluate for hypoxia, respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis.
OBSERVATION: Carefully observe patients with inhalation exposure for the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.
INITIAL TREATMENT: Administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen, perform endotracheal intubation and provide assisted ventilation as required. Administer inhaled beta-2 adrenergic agonists, if bronchospasm develops. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm (National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute, 2007). Exposed skin and eyes should be flushed with copious amounts of water.
Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water. Following ingestion, measures to decrease absorption may be useful if the patient is seen soon after the exposure.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

Remove contaminated clothing while washing with an open faucet, hose, or shower for at least 15 minutes. Do repeated soap washings, paying close attention to the hair and nails. Wear chemical protective clothing (gloves, etc) if necessary, to prevent self-exposure (HSDB , 1991).
Wash skin and hair with soap and water immediately (HSDB , 1991).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
No cases of systemic arsenic poisoning following only eye exposure have been reported.

ORAL/PARENTERAL EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
First responders treatment.

If swallowed and victim is conscious, have victim drink large amounts of water, then induce vomiting; give lime water, milk or raw egg; give a cathartic (CHRIS , 1991).
If swallowed and victim is unconscious or having convulsions, do nothing except keep victim warm (CHRIS , 1991).

Because poisoning by ingested arsenic almost always results in profuse diarrhea, it is generally not appropriate to administer a cathartic (Morgan, 1989).
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

If treatment has been delayed, and if the victim remains fully alert, administer activated charcoal (Morgan, 1989).

Although arsenic is commonly listed as being effectively adsorbed to charcoal, data are lacking.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
Administer intravenous fluids to restore adequate hydration, support urine flow, and correct electrolyte imbalances.

Monitor intake/output continuously to guard against fluid overload, if acute renal failure occurs.
Monitor blood electrolytes regularly.
Blood transfusions and oxygen by mask may be needed to treat shock.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE

INHALATION - In experimental animals, a 5 minute inhalation exposure to 40,000 ppm of arsenic trichloride results in death from laryngeal spasm (Delepine, 1923).
DERMAL - Following direct dermal exposure with the liquid, tissue necrosis progresses rapidly with systemic arsenic absorption and poisoning (Delepine, 1923).
ORAL - One milligram/kilogram of ingested arsenic may be lethal in a child (Woody & Komentani, 1948).

As little as 20 milligrams of arsenic may produce life-threatening toxicity (Zaloga et al, 1970; Schoolmeester & White, 1980).
An oral dose of 120 mg of arsenic trioxide may be fatal (Finkel, 1983).

FATAL DOSE - The fatal human dose is 70 to 180 mg depending on the weight of the victim (EPA, 1985).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

ACUTE

Estimates of acute oral toxic doses of various arsenic compounds range from one milligram to 10 grams.
Arsenic trioxide in a solubilized form becomes sodium arsenite, which is more toxic than in an un-solubilized form.

Two hundred milligrams of arsenic trioxide ingestion by an adult may be lethal (Baselt & Cravey, 1989; Baselt, 1988).
Acute ingestion of 9 to 14 milligrams of arsenic trioxide by a 16-month-old child produced classic gastrointestinal signs and symptoms of arsenic poisoning (Watson et al, 1981).
A 30-year-old man survived an ingestion of 6 ounces of "Blue Ball Rat Killer" containing 1.5% arsenous oxide (2,150 milligrams metallic arsenic per 6 ounces) with aggressive therapy (fluid resuscitation, chelation and hemodialysis) (Fesmire et al, 1988).

Trivalent arsenic (arsenite) is more toxic in animals than the pentavalent form (arsenate) (Morgan, 1989).

Significant toxicity may occur with large amounts of pentavalent salts in humans.
Pentavalent arsenic may be converted in vitro to trivalent arsenic.

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7784-34-1 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS7784-34-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 2000 EPA, 1985
- LCLo- (INHALATION)CAT:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS

One mg/L of arsenic trichloride is equivalent to 135 ppm. One ppm is equivalent to 7.4 mg/m(3) at 25 degree C, 760 mmHg (HSDB , 2000).

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS7784-34-1 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS7784-34-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS7784-34-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS7784-34-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS7784-34-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS7784-34-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Arsenic trichloride
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS7784-34-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS7784-34-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS7784-34-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Arsenous Trichloride
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 1

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

500
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS7784-34-1 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS7784-34-1 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS7784-34-1 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Arsenous trichloride

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1560 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Arsenic trichloride

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1560
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: 2, B9, B14, B32, B74, T20, TP2, TP13, TP38, TP45

2: This material is poisonous by inhalation (see sxn. 171.8 of this subchapter) in Hazard Zone B (see sxn. 173.116(a) or sxn. 173.133(a) of this subchapter), and must be described as an inhalation hazard under the provisions of this subchapter.
B9: Bottom outlets are not authorized.
B14: Each bulk packaging, except a tank car or a multi-unit-tank car tank, must be insulated with an insulating material so that the overall thermal conductance at 15.5 °C (60 °F) is no more than 1.5333 kilojoules per hour per square meter per degree Celsius (0.075 Btu per hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit) temperature differential. Insulating materials must not promote corrosion to steel when wet.
B32: MC 312, MC 330, MC 331, DOT 412 cargo tanks and DOT 51 portable tanks must be made of stainless steel, except that steel other than stainless steel may be used in accordance with the provisions of sxn. 173.24b(b) of this subchapter. Thickness of stainless steel for tank shell and heads for cargo tanks and portable tanks must be the greater of 6.35 mm (0.250 inch) or the thickness required for a tank with a design pressure at least equal to 1.3 times the vapor pressure of the lading at 46 °C (115 °F). In addition, MC 312 and DOT 412 cargo tank motor vehicles must: a. Be ASME Code (U) stamped for 100% radiography of all pressure-retaining welds; b. Have accident damage protection which conforms with sxn. 178.345-8 of this subchapter; c. Have a MAWP or design pressure of at least 87 psig; and d. Have a bolted manway cover.
B74: Tank cars must have a test pressure of 20.68 Bar (300 psig) or greater and conform to Class 105S, 106, 110, 112J, 114J or 120S.
T20: Minimum test pressure (bar): 10; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): 8 mm; Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): sxn. 178.275(g)(3); Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): Prohibited.
TP2: a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and alpha is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius; and b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions a may be calculated using the formula: [alpha = (d15-d50)/(35 x d50)], where d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) and 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), respectively.
TP13: Self-contained breathing apparatus must be provided when this hazardous material is transported by sea.
TP38: Each portable tank must be insulated with an insulating material so that the overall thermal conductance at 15.5 °C (60 °F) is no more than 1.5333 kilojoules per hour per square meter per degree Celsius (0.075 Btu per hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit) temperature differential. Insulating materials may not promote corrosion to steel when wet.
TP45: Each portable tank must be made of stainless steel, except that steel other than stainless steel may be used in accordance with the provisions of 173.24b(b) of this subchapter. Thickness of stainless steel for portable tank shells and heads must be the greater of 6.35 mm (0.250 inch) or the thickness required for a portable tank with a design pressure at least equal to 1.3 times the vapor pressure of the hazardous material at 46 °C (115 °F).

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 227
Bulk packaging: 244

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: Forbidden

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: B

B: (i) The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length; and (ii) "On deck only" on passenger vessels in which the number of passengers specified in paragraph (k)(2)(i) of this section is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 40

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1560 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Arsenic trichloride
UN Number: 1560

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS7784-34-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Containers:
- Tightly closed inner receptacles of earthenware glass or compatible plastics in quantities of not more than 1 pint or in metal inner receptacles of not more than 1 quart. These may be packed in strong wooden, fiberboard or other equally strong outer packaging. The maximum amount that may be carried in any one package is 1 quart (OHM/TADS, 1990).
- Glass bottles, cans, and drum (HSDB , 1991).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Protect against physical damage (ITI, 1988; HSDB , 1991).
Store in cool, dry location (ITI, 1988; HSDB , 1991).
Store in well ventilated areas away from food products and combustible materials and from heat and water (ITI, 1988) OHM/TADS, 1990).
Avoid sunlight (OHM/TADS, 1990).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 7784-34-1.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars etc.).
- Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases.
- Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
- Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.
Arsenic trichloride is very reactive.
Binary Reactants:
- Water or acids may produce toxic or corrosive compounds.
- Contact with water will generate hydrogen chloride gas, arsenic acid, and arsenic trioxide (OHM/TADS, 1990).
Arsenic trichloride fumes in air; decomposition by ultraviolet light (Budavari, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1987; HSDB , 1991).
During fire, irritating and toxic hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid) gases are generated (OHM/TADS, 1990; Sax & Lewis, 1989; (HSDB , 1991; CHRIS , 1991).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS7784-34-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

CO2 (except for Cyanides), dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS7784-34-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Do NOT use water on arsenic trichloride directly (AAR, 1987).

Avoid contact with water from adjacent fires (CHRIS , 1991).

Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type of surrounding fire; arsenic trichloride does not burn easily (AAR. 1987).

If large quantities of arsenic trichloride are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray or fog (AAR, 1987).

Use water-spray to knock down vapors (AAR, 1987).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Arsenic trichloride will decompose to hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid gas), an irritating and toxic gas (CHRIS , 1991; HSDB , 1991) OHM/TADS, 1990; Sax & Lewis, 1989).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

A cylinder may explode in the heat of fire (HSDB , 1991).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Inhalation of arsenic trichloride vapor or dust is highly toxic; the compound also is a strong irritant to the skin, upper respiratory tract and eyes (CHRIS , 1991; EPA, 1985; HSDB , 1991).

Protect against absorption through the skin (OHM/TADS, 1990).

Arsenic trichloride emits highly toxic and irritating arsenic and hydrogen chloride gases when heated to decomposition (Sax & Lewis, 1989; (CHRIS , 1991; EPA, 1985).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Arsenic trichloride is highly reactive; it explodes upon impact when in contact with sodium, potassium and aluminum (NFPA, 1990; Lewis, 1996).

Powdered aluminum burns when in contact with vapors of arsenic trichloride (NFPA, 1990).

When water solution of arsenic trichloride is in contact with active metals such as arsenic, iron, aluminum, and zinc, toxic arsenic fumes are emitted (HSDB , 2000).

It will corrode metals (HSDB , 2000).

Arsenic trichloride is decomposed by water releasing toxic hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid), arsenic hydroxide, arsenic acid and arsenic trioxide gases (EPA, 1985; HSDB , 2000).

Arsenic trichloride fumes in moist air (Budavari, 1996; ITI, 1988; Sax & Lewis, 1987).

Arsenic trichloride decomposes in ultraviolet light (EPA, 1985).

Stability: Stable (EPA, 1985)

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (ERG, 2004)

Data presented from the Emergency Response Guidebook Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances are for use when a spill has occurred and there is no fire. If there is a fire, or if a fire is involved, evacuation information presented under FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES should be used.
Generally, a small spill is one that involves a single, small package such as a drum containing up to approximately 200 liters, a small cylinder, or a small leak from a large package. A large spill is one that involves a spill from a large package, or multiple spills from many small packages.
Suggested distances to protect from vapors of toxic-by-inhalation and/or water-reactive materials during the first 30 minutes following the spill.

DOT ID No. 1560 - Arsenic chloride

SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 30 meters (100 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.2 kilometers (0.2 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 0.4 kilometers (0.2 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 90 meters (300 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.9 kilometers (0.6 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 1.8 kilometers (1.1 miles).

DOT ID No. 1560 - Arsenic trichloride

SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 30 meters (100 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.2 kilometers (0.2 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 0.4 kilometers (0.2 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 90 meters (300 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.9 kilometers (0.6 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 1.8 kilometers (1.1 miles).

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate enclosed areas.

Arsenic trichloride will generate a visible toxic vapor cloud on contact with air; its thermal decomposition products are extremely toxic (HSDB , 1991; EPA, 1985) OHM/TADS, 1990; (CHRIS , 1991).

Avoid eye, skin and respiratory contact with this material.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS7784-34-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS7784-34-1 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Arsenous trichloride
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 0.0242
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 0.2
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 1.35
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 12.1
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS7784-34-1 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS7784-34-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
- Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Do not touch spilled material (EPA, 1985).
Avoid contact with water (AAR, 1987; CHRIS , 1991).
Do not handle the material without appropriate respiratory and chemical protective equipment (HSDB , 1991).
Stop leak if you can do it without risk (EPA, 1985).
Build a dike to contain flow as necessary (AAR, 1987).
Cover spill with absorbent materials (OHM/TADS, 1990).
Keep material out of water sources and sewers (AAR, 1987).
Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Do NOT use water on the material itself (AAR, 1987).
Water Spill: Dam stream if possible to reduce the flow and prevent further dissipation by water movement. Bottom pumps or under water vacuum systems may be employed in small bodies of water; red going may be effective in larger bodies to remove any undissolved material from the bottom (OHM/TADS, 1990).
Water Spill: Close beach and shore to public until material has been removed. If tidal, scrape affected area at low tide with a mechanical scraper (OHM/TADS, 1990).
Liquids: Oily liquid will sink and disperse as the material decomposes (OHM/TADS, 1990).
Liquids: Take up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal (EPA, 1985).
Solids: With clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover; move container from spill area (EPA, 1985).
Transfer material to impervious containers for disposal (OHM/TADS, 1990).
Arsenic trichloride-contaminated waste will have to be transported to a permitted storage, treatment or disposal facility (EPA, 1989).
If practical, transport material back to the supplier or chemical company to recover the heavy metal content and deactivation. If this is not practical, or facilities not available, the material should be encapsulated and buried in a specifically designated chemical landfill (OHM/TADS, 1990).
Arsenic-contaminated materials are not acceptable at a municipal sewage treatment plant (OHM/TADS, 1990).
Notify local and state health authorities, local solid waste disposal authorities, supplier and shipper (OHM/TADS, 1990).
Treatment: Neutralize liquid or solid spills with crushed lime, soda ash or lime (AAR, 1987).
Treatment: For water contamination dissolve a minimum amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid until the appearance of a white precipitate. Add 6M-HCL just to dissolve again. Saturate with hydrogen sulfide. After filtration, wash the precipitate, dry, package and return to suppliers (ITI, 1988).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)
- Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand, or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or formed concrete (AAR, 1987).
Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder (AAR, 1987).
Contain all contaminated water; treat and dispose as hazardous waste (EPA, 1989).
Water Spill: Adjust pH to neutral (AAR, 1987).
Water Spill: Oily liquid will sink and disperse as the material decomposes (OHM/TADS, 1990).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Arsenic trichloride is persistent as a water pollutant. Arsenic trichloride will lower the pH of a water solution and it will become corrosive (OHM/TADS, 1990).

This compound may be dangerous if it enters water intakes. Notify local health and wildlife officials. Notify operators of nearby water intakes (CHRIS , 1991). Arsenic trichloride contaminated water is not acceptable at municipal sewage treatment plants. Water uses threatened include recreational, fisheries, potable supply, and industrial(OHM/TADS, 1990).

A toxic vapor cloud containing hydrogen chloride gas is created when arsenic trichloride is contact with moist air and ultraviolet light (EPA, 1985; ITI, 1988) OHM/TADS, 1990; Sax & Lewis, 1989).

Arsenic compounds tend to be accumulated by oysters and other mollusks and shellfish (OHM/TADS, 1990).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- Arsenic trichloride is very reactive with moisture and water, releasing hydrogen chloride and other acid gases.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

WATER CONTAMINATION

The effect of low concentrations of arsenic trichloride on aquatic life is unknown (CHRIS , 1991).
The LC50 for fathead minnows was 198 ppm arsenic trichloride for 96 hours (OHM/TADS, 1990).
At concentrations ranging from 2 to 16 ppm, arsenic trichloride was harmful to fish food organisms (2 to 3 ppm), pink salmon (5.2 ppm for 142 hours), bass (10 ppm for 240 hours) and mussels (16 ppm for 38 to 72 hours) (OHM/TADS,1990).

FOOD CHAIN

Toxicity to aquatic plants is 0.1 ppm (OHM/TADS, 1990).
Toxicity to oranges 0.5 ppm (OHM/TADS, 1990).
Chronic plant toxicity is 0.1 ppm (OHM/TADS, 1990).
No data on waterfowl (CHRIS , 1991).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

181.28 (Budavari, 1996)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Arsenic trichloride is a colorless to light yellow oily liquid with an acrid odor. On contact with moisture arsenic trichloride becomes acidic (EPA, 1985; HSDB , 2000).

VAPOR PRESSURE

10 mmHg (at 23.5 degrees C) (EPA, 1985)

DENSITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
LIQUID: 2.1497 g/mL (Budavari, 1996)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

-16 degrees C (Budavari, 1989)

BOILING POINT

130.21 degrees C (Budavari, 1989)

FLASH POINT

Not Flammable (CHRIS , 1991; Sax & Lewis, 1987)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

Not Flammable (CHRIS , 1991)

UPPER

Not Flammable (CHRIS , 1991)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

One mole per 9 moles water (Budavari, 1996).
Arsenic trichloride decomposes in water (Budavari, 1996).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Arsenic trichloride is soluble in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ether, iodine, phosphorus, sulfur, alkali iodides, oils and fats (Budavari, 1996).

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

1.6006 (at 20 degree C) (HSDB , 1991)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

SURFACE TENSION

20 dynes/cm; 0.020 N/m (at 20 degree C) (HSDB , 2000)

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

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65 FR 77866: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

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67 FR 7164: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2002.

68 FR 42710: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2003.

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ARSENIC TRICHLORIDE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents