ARSENIC PENTOXIDE

Arsenic pentoxide is used as an herbicide, wood preservative, metal adhesives, insecticides, fungicide, in dyeing and printing, and in the production of arsenates (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2008; Sax & Lewis, 1987; Budavari, 1989; OHM/TADS , 1991; HSDB , 1991; EPA, 1985).
Little is known about the effects of arsenic pentoxide aside from those of arsenic and other arsenical compounds in general. The following review is based on the toxic effects of arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds, with effects attributed specifically to arsenic pentoxide noted.

FORMS

Arsenic pentoxide is an odorless, white crystalline amorphous solid pentavalent inorganic arsenic compound. It dissolves in water to form arsenic acid (AAR, 1987; Sax & Lewis, 1987; Sax & Lewis, 1989; Budavari, 1989; OHM/TADS , 1991; CHRIS , 1991; HSDB , 1991; EPA, 1985).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

USES: Arsenic pentoxide is an inorganic pentavalent arsenic compound. It is an odorless, white crystalline amorphous solid which dissolves in water, forming arsenic acid. Arsenic pentoxide is used as an herbicide, wood preservative, metal adhesives, insecticides, fungicide, in dyeing and printing, and in the production of arsenates. Little is known about the effects of arsenic pentoxide. The following review is based on the toxic effects of arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds, with effects attributed specifically to arsenic pentoxide noted. Please refer to "ARSENIC" document for more information.

TOXICOLOGY: Pentavalent arsenic may be transformed to arsenic or substitute for inorganic phosphate in glycolysis, leading to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and loss of ATP formation. Chronically, arsenic may cause DNA damage, mutation in the p-53 suppressor gene, and inhibition of DNA repair mechanisms leading to cancer. Arsenic-containing metals are considered non-toxic due to their low solubility.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Toxicity from arsenic is uncommon and major effects are rare.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

The following information is based on the toxic effects of arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds.
ACUTE OVERDOSE: Arsenic pentoxide is readily absorbed into the body via ingestion, inhalation, and through mucosal membranes, and minimally absorbed through intact skin. Acute arsenic ingestion generally produces signs and symptoms within 30 minutes but symptoms may be delayed for several hours if ingested with food. Many arsenic compounds are severe irritants of the skin, eye, and mucous membranes; some may be corrosive. Contact produces local hyperemia, followed by vesicular or pustular eruptions. Acute inhalation exposures have resulted in irritation of the upper respiratory tract.
MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY: Gastrointestinal symptoms occur rapidly after acute ingestion. Initial signs and symptoms include burning lips, throat constriction, cough, and dysphagia. Excruciating abdominal pain, severe nausea, vomiting, and profuse "rice water-like" diarrhea that may lead to hypovolemia follows these symptoms. In addition, hypovolemia from capillary leakage (third-spacing of fluids) is a common early effect. QTc prolongation may occur. Muscle cramps, facial edema, bronchitis, dyspnea, chest pain, dehydration, intense thirst, and fluid-electrolyte disturbances are also common following significant exposures. A garlic-like odor of the breath and feces may also develop. Subacute toxicity can produce neuropathies, both motor and sensory, and can progress to a Guillain-Barre like syndrome.
SEVERE TOXICITY: Hypotension and tachycardia are common early signs of severe poisoning. Hypotension may be resistant to fluid resuscitation and multi-organ failure may ensue. Fever and tachypnea may occur. These patients can develop ventricular dysrhythmias including torsade de pointes. Encephalopathy, seizures and coma have been reported. Acute renal failure, hemolytic anemia, rhabdomyolysis, and hepatitis may occur several days after ingestion.
CHRONIC TOXICITY: Inhalation is the most common route of exposure in arsenic workers. The sequence of chronic poisoning involves weakness, anorexia, hepatomegaly, jaundice, and gastrointestinal complaints, followed by conjunctivitis, irritation of the upper respiratory tract, hyperpigmentation, and eczematoid and allergic dermatitis. A hoarse voice and chronic upper respiratory septum is a common result after prolonged inhalation of white arsenic dust or fume. Peripheral nervous system symptoms may include numbness, burning, and tingling of the hands and feet; pain; paresthesias; tenderness; muscle fasciculations; gross tremors; ataxia; discoloration; and mental confusion. Muscular weakness, limb tenderness and difficulty walking may follow. The final phase consists of peripheral sensory neuropathy of the hands and feet. Associated motor neuropathy may occur as well. Certain arsenic compounds are known human carcinogens. Chronic exposure in either occupational settings or by drinking contaminated groundwater can cause poisoning and carries an increased risk of skin, lung, bladder, and possibly liver cancers.

ARSENIC PENTOXIDE: Chronic exposure to arsenic pentoxide was considered to be at least partly responsible for a complex pattern of health effects in one family including: sensory hypesthesias, muscle cramping, recurring pruritic conjunctivitis, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, skin rashes described as "measle-like," reddened and thickened skin on the soles, malaise, decreased sensation in hands and feet, headaches, blackouts, grand mal seizures in the youngest children, epistaxis, easy bruising, alopecia, and premature labor.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Acute arsenic ingestion generally produces symptoms within 30 to 60 minutes, but symptom onset may be delayed for several hours if ingested with food (Morgan, 1989; Sittig, 1985). A metallic or garlic taste, vomiting, abdominal pain, dysphagia, and profuse watery (rice-like) and sometimes bloody diarrhea may occur (Sittig, 1985; Finkel, 1983; EPA, 1988).

Dehydration, intense thirst, and fluid-electrolyte disturbances are common (Morgan, 1989). Hypovolemia from capillary leaking ("third spacing" of fluids) is a common early sign (Morgan, 1989; EPA, 1988; HSDB , 1991).

The primary target organs initially are the gastrointestinal tract, heart, brain, and kidneys (Sittig, 1985; Morgan, 1989; Finkel, 1983; HSDB , 1991). Eventually, the skin, bone marrow, and peripheral nervous system may be significantly damaged (Finkel, 1983; Morgan, 1989; Sittig, 1985; HSDB , 1991).

Hemolysis, pancytopenia, and anemia may occur after acute arsenic poisoning (Kyle & Pease, 1965; Kjeldsberg & Ward, 1972).

MEE'S LINES, transverse white lines in the finger and toe nails, may be seen after acute exposure. Mee's lines commonly take 5 weeks to appear above the cuticle and advance 1 mm per week afterwards, allowing an approximation of the time of acute exposure (Heyman et al, 1956).

Permanent encephalopathy (brain damage) may ensue from acute exposure to arsenic compounds, and can result in atrophy of the cortex one to six months after exposure (Fincher & Koerker, 1987) with loss of many higher functions.

Peripheral neuropathy of both the sensory and motor type can appear in a similar pattern, regardless of the route of exposure (Finkel, 1983). It commonly begins one to 3 weeks after exposure (Le Quesne & McLeod, 1977; Heyman et al, 1956), usually as paresthesias of the soles of the feet, then the hands, and progresses proximally over the next few days (Heyman et al, 1956). Muscle weakness and wasting then develops, causing severe disability (Le Quesne & McLeod, 1977). It may initially be confused with Guillain-Barre' syndrome (Donofrio et al, 1987). Paresthesias may be painful, and are frequently described as a severe burning pain in a stocking and glove distribution.

Physical findings in arsenical neuropathy usually include decreased sensation to touch, pinprick, and temperature, frequently in a stocking and glove distribution (Heyman et al, 1956). Loss of vibration sense is also common. Profound muscle weakness and wasting, distal more than proximal, is also seen (Donofrio et al, 1987; Heyman et al, 1956). Wrist drop, foot drop, and fasciculations may also occur (Heyman et al, 1956).

Arsenic inhibits enzymes required for cellular respiration and also competes with phosphorus for incorporation into ATP ("arsenolysis"), depleting cellular energy stores and leading to cell death (Schoolmeester & White, ' 1980).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Chronic exposure to arsenic pentoxide from burning chromium-copper-arsenic treated wood was considered to be responsible for at least part of a complex pattern of health effects in a rural family (Peters et al, 1984). This family burned the treated wood in a wood stove which was the major heat source in the family dwelling for four years. Hair and fingernail analysis indicated excessive arsenic exposure; ashes and dust from the area of the wood stove had an arsenic content of 100 to 1000 ppm (Peters et al, 1984).

Signs and symptoms in this family included: sensory hypesthesias, muscle cramping, recurring pruritic conjunctivitis, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, skin rashes described as "measle-like," reddened and thickened skin on the soles, malaise, decreased sensation in hands and feet, headaches, blackouts, grand mal seizures in the youngest children, epistaxis, easy bruising, and alopecia (Peters et al, 1984).

Workers chronically exposed to arsenic by inhalation and dermal contact have developed a hoarse voice, nasal irritation, possible perforation of the nasal septum, irritation of eyes, skin, and mucous membranes, and rarely, cirrhosis of the liver (ACGIH, 1986; Finkel, 1983; Sittig, 1985; Proctor et al, 1988; Clayton & Clayton, 1981). Nausea and vomiting are infrequent complaints among arsenic-exposed workers (Clayton & Clayton, 1981). Painful ulceration of the wrist and scrotal skin, lips, and nostrils may develop with dust exposure (Finkel, 1983; Sittig, 1985).

Chronic arsenic poisoning involves hair loss and enlarged livers in addition to the signs and symptoms described in the ACUTE EXPOSURE section above (Finkel, 1983).

Skin disorders after chronic ingestion have included: melanosis, depigmentation, keratosis, and hyperkeratosis (Das et al, 1995; (Lerda, 1994).

Arsenic can cause skin cancer in humans (refer to CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS section for more information). Aplastic anemia and acute myelogenous leukemia have also been described after chronic arsenic exposure (Kjeldsberg & Ward, 1972).

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

PREHOSPITAL: Remove the contaminated clothing and wash the patient thoroughly.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

The following first aid measures are suggested (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007; OSHA, 2000):

EYE EXPOSURE: Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles), as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), should be used when working with this chemical. Face shields should only be worn over primary eye protection.

Contact lens use is not recommended when working with this chemical. If contact lenses are worn, then appropriate eye and face protection devices must be used. OSHA emphasizes that dusty and/or chemical environments may represent an additional hazard to contact lens wearers.

DERMAL EXPOSURE: Immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.
INHALATION EXPOSURE: Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS: Liver, kidneys, skin, lungs and lymphatic system [lung and lymphatic cancer] .

GENERAL

Patients with acute arsenic poisoning usually die from hypovolemic shock secondary to vomiting and diarrhea, gastrointestinal tract bleeding, and 'third spacing' of fluids. Fluid replacement is a mainstay of initial treatment.
Another threat to life is cardiac toxicity resulting in arrhythmias or cardiogenic shock. Advanced cardiac support may be required after massive acute arsenic poisoning.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Activated charcoal does not bind arsenic well.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

CONCENTRATION LEVEL

A concentration of 10 ppm of arsenic pentoxide in water presents an acute hazard (OHM/TADS , 2000).
A rapid die-off was noted in breeding colonies of rats and mice when 5 mg/L of arsenic pentoxide was added to the drinking water (OHM/TADS , 2000).
One mg/kg of ingested arsenic may be lethal in a child (Woody & Kometani, 1948).
The smallest recorded lethal dose of arsenic is approximately 130 mg (Bingham et al, 2001; OHM/TADS , 2001).
As little as 20 mg of arsenic may produce life-threatening toxicity (Hutton & Christians, 1983; Schoolmeester & White, 1980; Zaloga et al, 1970).

CASE REPORTS

Between 1966 and 1979, 61 cases of accidental sodium arsenite poisoning, including 11 patients who were hospitalized and 24 fatal cases in adults and children, were reported to the EPA's Pesticide Incident Monitoring System (PIMS) (EPA, 1988).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

ACUTE

Estimates of acute oral toxic doses of various arsenic compounds range from 1 mg to 10 grams.
Pentavalent arsenic may be converted in vivo to trivalent arsenic. Trivalent arsenic (arsenite) is more toxic in animals than the pentavalent form (arsenate). However, significant toxicity may occur with large amounts of pentavalent salts in humans (Morgan, 1993).
A 30-year-old man survived an ingestion of 6 ounces of "Blue Ball Rat Killer" containing 1.5% arsenous oxide (2,150 milligrams metallic arsenic per 6 ounces) with aggressive therapy (fluid resuscitation, chelation, and hemodialysis) (Fesmire et al, 1988).
In a case series of 149 arsenate ant-killer ingestions from Minnesota, mainly in children under age three, no treatment was provided and no adverse effects occurred on follow-up 4 to 6 months following exposure. In two cases, urine arsenic levels without chelation reached 3500 and 5819 mcg/24 hours and no sequelae were observed, suggesting that many small arsenate ingestions may remain asymptomatic (Kingston et al, 1993).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS1303-28-2 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 1 ; Listed as: Arsenic pentoxide

1 : The agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are carcinogenic to humans. This category is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Exceptionally, an agent (mixture) may be placed in this category when evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is less than sufficient but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence in exposed humans that the agent (mixture) acts through a relevant mechanism of carcinogenicity.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS1303-28-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- 55 mg/kg ((RTECS, 2000))
LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- 8 mg/kg ((RTECS, 2000))
LDLo- (INTRAVENOUS)RABBIT:
- 6 mg/kg ((RTECS, 2000))
LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RABBIT:
- 12,400 mcg/kg ((RTECS, 2000))

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS1303-28-2 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS1303-28-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS1303-28-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS1303-28-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS1303-28-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS1303-28-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Arsenic oxide As2O5
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Arsenic pentoxide
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS1303-28-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS1303-28-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: Arsenic oxide As2 O5
P or U series number: P011
Footnote:
Listed as: Arsenic pentoxide
P or U series number: P011
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS1303-28-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Arsenic Pentoxide
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 1

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

100/10,000
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS1303-28-2 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS1303-28-2 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS1303-28-2 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Arsenic oxide (As2O5)

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1559 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Arsenic pentoxide

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1559
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: IB8, IP2, IP4, T3, TP33

IB8: Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, 21H2, 31H1 and 31H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, 21HZ2, 31HZ1 and 31HZ2); Fiberboard (11G); Wooden (11C, 11D and 11F); Flexible (13H1, 13H2, 13H3, 13H4, 13H5, 13L1, 13L2, 13L3, 13L4, 13M1 or 13M2).
IP2: When IBCs other than metal or rigid plastics IBCs are used, they must be offered for transportation in a closed freight container or a closed transport vehicle.
IP4: Flexible, fiberboard or wooden IBCs must be sift-proof and water-resistant or be fitted with a sift-proof and water-resistant liner.
T3: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(2).
TP33: The portable tank instruction assigned for this substance applies for granular and powdered solids and for solids which are filled and discharged at temperatures above their melting point which are cooled and transported as a solid mass. Solid substances transported or offered for transport above their melting point are authorized for transportation in portable tanks conforming to the provisions of portable tank instruction T4 for solid substances of packing group III or T7 for solid substances of packing group II, unless a tank with more stringent requirements for minimum shell thickness, maximum allowable working pressure, pressure-relief devices or bottom outlets are assigned in which case the more stringent tank instruction and special provisions shall apply. Filling limits must be in accordance with portable tank special provision TP3. Solids meeting the defnintion of an elevated temperature material must be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 153
Non-bulk packaging: 212
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 25 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 100 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1559 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Arsenic pentoxide
UN Number: 1559

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS1303-28-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Keep well closed (Budavari, 1989).
Protect containers against physical damage (Budavari, 1989).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Store in a well ventilated area away from food, food products, and combustible materials (ITI, 1988).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Wear a self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus when working in the vicinity of spills or leaks or when fighting fires (AAR, 1987).

Emergency response teams should wear appropriate personal protective clothing and respiratory protection.

Wear full protective clothing when working in the vicinity of spills or leaks or when fighting fires (AAR, 1987).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Wear a self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus when working in the vicinity of spills or leaks or when fighting fires (AAR, 1987).

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 1303-28-2.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
Use flooding quantities of water as spray (NFPA, 1991)
Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal (NFPA, 1991)
Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire (NFPA, 1991).
Arsenic pentoxide in not combustible, but if involved in a fire decomposes to produce arsenic fumes (NFPA, 1991).
May decompose to elemental arsenic in a fire.
- May produce toxic arsine gas when in contact with metal and water, under fire conditions (EPA, 1985).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS1303-28-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS1303-28-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Use flooding quantities of water as spray for small fires (NFPA, 1991)

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, arsenic pentoxide releases highly toxic fumes of arsenic and oxides of arsenic (Sax & Lewis, 1989).
Acids, or Halogens, or Metal halides, or Metals, or Non-metals, or Oxides: Contact at ambient or slightly elevated temperatures is violent, ignition often occurs (Bretherick, 1990).
May decompose to elemental arsenic in a fire.
- May produce toxic arsine gas when in contact with metal and water, under fire conditions (EPA, 1985).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Reacts with acids, halogens, aluminum, and zinc (NFPA, 1991).

Acids, or Halogens, or Metal halides, or Metals, or Non-metals, or Oxides: Contact at ambient or slightly elevated temperatures is violent, ignition often occurs (Bretherick, 1990).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, arsenic pentoxide releases highly toxic fumes of arsenic and oxides of arsenic (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

May decompose to elemental arsenic in a fire.

May produce toxic arsine gas when in contact with metal and water, under fire conditions (EPA, 1985).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, arsenic pentoxide releases highly toxic fumes of arsenic (Lewis, 1996).

Reacts with halogens, acids, aluminum, and zinc (NFPA, 1994).

Acids, or Halogens, or Metal halides, or Metals, or Non-metals, or Oxides: Contact at ambient or slightly elevated temperatures is violent, ignition often occurs (Bretherick, 1990).

May decompose to elemental arsenic in a fire. May produce toxic arsine gas when in contact with metal and water, under fire conditions (EPA, 1985).

Corrosive to metals in presence of moisture (AAR, 1998).

Combines very slowly with water to form H3AsO4 (Budavari, 1996).

Very stable in acidic solutions and will decompose rapidly in alkaline solutions (HSDB , 2000).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

Downwind evacuation should be considered if this material is involved in a fire or if a large discharge has occurred (AAR, 1987).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS1303-28-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS1303-28-2 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Arsenic pentoxide
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.0153
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 1
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 7.7
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 7.7
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS1303-28-2 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS1303-28-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
DECONTAMINATION OF SPILLS
- Alum Floc ties up arsenic in an insoluble form for easy removal and handling.
- Anionic exchangers will pick up arsenic (OHM/TADS , 1990).
Water spray may be used to reduce or knock down vapors (AAR, 1987).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Isolate and ventilate the area. Keep sources of fire away. Wear rubber or neoprene gloves and overshoes and an approved respirator. Get fire-fighting equipment ready. Contain any liquid spill around the edge and absorb with Zorb-All (R), soil, sweeping compound, sawdust, dry sand or similar material. Dispose of absorbed or dry material in disposable containers (EPA, 1975).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Arsenic is persistent and may cycle due to methylation (OHM/TADS , 1990)

Potential for accumulation: Positive, concentrated to limited extent by aquatic life. It is a cumulative poison in mammals, although a small amount is considered for normal life.

Concentration factors for arsenic in marine and freshwater water plants, invertebrates, and fish is 333.

Half-life in total human body is 280 days (OHM/TADS , 1990).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- AQUATIC FATE
- TERRESTRIAL FATE

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

Published Values (HSDB , 1991)

1. TOXIC PIKE, PERCH: 1.1(as As) mg/L/48h
2. TOXIC BLEAK: 2.2(as As) mg/L/72h
3. TOXIC CARP: 3.1(as As) mg/L/96h
4. TOXIC EELS: 3.19(as As) mg/L/72h
5. TOXIC BASS: 7.6(as As) mg/L/240h
6. TOXIC MINNOWS: 11.6(as As) mg/L/36h
7. TOXIC MINNOWS: 60(as As) mg/L/16
8. TOXIC CRABS: 4.1(as AsO3(-1)) mg/L/264h

Arsenic is persistent and may cycle due to methylation (OHM/TADS , 1990)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

229.84 (HSDB , 2000)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Arsenic pentoxide is a white, amorphous solid; it is deliquescent. It combines very slowly with water to form H3AsO4, will sink and then dissolve (OHM/TADS , 2000).

Arsenic pentoxide is an odorless solid (CHRIS , 2000).

DENSITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
SOLID: 4.32 g/cm(3) (CHRIS , 1990)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

315 degrees C; 599 degrees F (decomposes on melting) (Sax & Lewis, 1989)
800 degrees C; 1472 degrees F (NFPA, 1991)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

150 g/100 mL of water (at 16 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000)
76.6 g/100 mL of water (at 100 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

freely soluble in alcohol (Budavari, 1996)

OTHER

soluble in acid and alkali solutions (Weast, 1988)

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

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40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

49 CFR 172.101 - App. B: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials, Appendix B: List of Marine Pollutants. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 29, 2005.

49 CFR 172.101: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 11, 2005.

62 FR 58840: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 1997.

65 FR 14186: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 39264: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 77866: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

66 FR 21940: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2001.

67 FR 7164: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2002.

68 FR 42710: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2003.

69 FR 54144: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2004.

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ARSENIC PENTOXIDE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents