Colorant in confections, dairy products, bread flour

Clouding agent in dry beverage mixes

Tobacco wrapping and tobacco substitutes

Pigment manufacture. Of all the inorganic white pigments, titanium dioxide perhaps possesses the greatest binding power (ACGIH, 1994).

Welding rod coating materials

Ceramic colorant

Titanium metal source

Production of acid-resistant vitreous enamels, specification paints, exterior white house paints, white interior enamels and lacquers, water paints, shoe whiteners.

Production of acetate rayon, inks, plastics, tanner's leather finishes, glassware, ceramics, floor coverings.

High temperature transducers are made from single crystals (Lewis, 1993).

Manufacture of cosmetics

Titanium dioxide has been used as a photocatalyst to degrade pesticides (Hung & Mak, 1993).

Production of sunscreens (HSDB , 1993)

Radioactive skin decontamination (HSDB , 1993)

As an implant material in orthopedics, oral surgery and neurosurgery (Friberg, 1986)

Rutile sand is suitable for welding-rod-coating materials, as ceramic colorant, as source of titanium metal, and as a coloring agent in the food industry. High opacity and tinting values are claimed for rutile-like pigments (Budavari, 1989).

Anatase titanium dioxide is used for welding rod coatings, acid resistant vitreous enamels, in specification paints, exterior white house paints, acetate rayon, white interior air-dry and baked enamels and lacquers, inks and plastics, for paper filling and coating, in water paints, tanners' leather finishes, shoe whiteners, and ceramics (Budavari, 1989).

However, this compound lacks the hardness of diamonds. Titania is the name applied to large TiO2 crystals suitable for use in jewelry (Budavari, 1989).

It is found in nature as the minerals rutile (tetragonal), anatase or octahedrite (tetragonal), brookite (orthorhombic), ilmenite (FeTiO3), and perovskite (CaTiO3) (Budavari, 1989).

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

Wet contaminated clothing to keep down the dust. Remove from victim. Do not shake or blow dust off clothing or the body (Lefevre, 1989).

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

Titanium dioxide has little toxicity. Decontamination methods after ingestion are not required.

A4 :Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.

2B : The agent (mixture) is possibly carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are possibly carcinogenic to humans. This category is used for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. It may also be used when there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. In some instances, an agent, mixture or exposure circumstance for which there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but limited evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals together with supporting evidence from other relevant data may be placed in this group.

Ca : NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).

Under Study

Adopted Value

TWA:

STEL:

Ceiling:

Carcinogen Listing: (Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).

Skin Designation: Not Listed

Note(s): See Appendix A

IDLH: 5000 mg/m3

Note(s): Ca

8-hour TWA:

MEXICO:

ARGENTINA:

BRAZIL:

COLUMBIA:

CANADA:

UNITED STATES:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.

TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.

TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

(Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A).