THIRAM

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

STCC NUMBER

4941187

DESIGNATIONS

NSC NUMBER:1771

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C6-H12-N2-S4

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

154-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(HSDB , 1992; RTECS , 1992; Sax & Lewis, 1989)

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Thiram is toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and intraperitoneal routes. It is an irritant of the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin; it causes sensitization dermatitis. Thiram is more highly toxic in the presence of fats, oils, and solvents.

It affects the pulmonary system and is a mild allergen and irritant. It is an experimental carcinogen, tumorigen and teratogen.

Thiram has a low acute and chronic toxicity, shows no carcinogenicity in several strains of mice and rats (in spite of its weak genotoxic action in vitro), and has embryotoxic and teratogenic effects in animals only at maternally toxic doses. At most, it is weakly mutagenic.

Workers exposed to unknown concentrations, but probably higher than 1 mg/m(3) of air, had clinical manifestations.

Acute poisoning in experimental animals produced liver, kidney, and brain damage.

Thiram is the methyl analogue of disulfiram or Antabuse, a drug used to establish a conditioned reflex of fear of alcohol in the treatment of alcoholism. Ingestion of even a small amount of alcohol while undergoing Antabuse therapy is followed by distressing and occasionally dangerous symptoms, including flushing, palpitations, headache, nausea, vomiting, and dyspnea.

The systemic "Antabuse-alcohol" syndrome is apparently rare in thiram-exposed workers, but it has been reported. In one case, a man became ill and died 4 days after treating seed with thiram. Although he received substantial exposure over 10 hours, it is unclear whether he received enough thiram to produce death without associated alcohol ingestion.
A skin reaction, without other systemic effects, is said to occur in chronically exposed workers after ingestion of alcohol. The response of the skin is rapid and takes the form of flushing, erythema, pruritis, and urticaria. Thiram without alcohol can produce dermatitis, but only in a few susceptible people. Sensitization dermatitis in the form of eczema has occurred on the hands, forearms, and feet.

The following information is for CARBAMATE HERBICIDES and FUNGICIDES in general:

Cholinergic findings (lacrimation, salivation, spontaneous urination, defecation and bradycardia) do NOT occur following exposure to these agents.
Persons sensitive to thiram may develop skin reactions following minimal exposures. With this exception, systemic toxicity of these compounds is generally low.

These agents are often compounded with hydrocarbon-based solvents, which may be responsible for toxicity.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

GENERAL -

The following treatment information is for Carbamate Herbicides and Fungicides in general.
INHALATION EXPOSURE -

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. Rescue personnel and bystanders should avoid direct contact with contaminated skin, clothing, or other objects (Burgess et al, 1999). Since contaminated leather items cannot be decontaminated, they should be discarded (Simpson & Schuman, 2002).

EYE EXPOSURE -

EYE IRRIGATION, ROUTINE: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, an ophthalmologic examination should be performed (Peate, 2007; Naradzay & Barish, 2006).

ORAL EXPOSURE -

Do not induce emesis.
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
Intravenous fluids may be useful in restoring extracellular fluid volume following severe vomiting and diarrhea.
Oxygen therapy is effective in relieving the distress of antabuse-like reactions rarely associated with exposure to thiram and possibly the MBDT-CARB compounds if alcohol has been consumed.
No specific antidotes are available for poisoning by these compounds.
SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue).

Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years).
Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.
The systemic "Antabuse-alcohol" syndrome is apparently rare in thiram-exposed workers, but it has been reported. In one case, a man became ill and died 4 days after treating seed with thiram. Although he received substantial exposure over 10 hours, it is unclear whether he received enough thiram to produce death without associated alcohol ingestion (Proctor et al, 1988).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

ANIMAL DATA

The application of 2000 mg/kg to the skin of rats did not produce toxicity (ACGIH, 1986).
In two experiments, rats, cats, and rabbits survived a four-hour exposure to a dust cloud estimated to contain over 500 and 6225 mg/m(3), respectively (ACGIH, 1986).
In 29-day feeding studies, groups of six male Wistar rats were fed diets of 225 to 1200 ppm thiram. The lowest effect level was 450 ppm (ACGIH, 1986).

In another study, groups each of 12 male and 12 female rats were given a diet containing 48 ppm of thiram over three generations. No effect on growth, reproduction, blood, and mortality were found. No gross or histological changes were observed (ACGIH, 1986).

Rabbits inhaling dusts of thiram at an air concentration of 1.27 mg/m(3) for 30 days or of 1.9 mg/m(3) for 5 weeks (7 hr/day, 5 times weekly) had degeneration of the liver and kidneys, and irritation of the lungs (ACGIH, 1986).
Groups of three male dogs were fed diets containing 10, 50, and 200 ppm of thiram for one year. No abnormalities or effects on growth were observed and no gross or microscopic changes were found at any level (ACGIH, 1986).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS137-26-8 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A4 ; Listed as: Thiram

A4 :Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Assessed under the IRIS program. ; Listed as: Thiram
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 3 ; Listed as: Thiram

3 : The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Thiram
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS137-26-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD: 5x10(-3) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 1992 Sax & Lewis, 1989
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:
- LDLo- (ORAL)CAT:
- LDLo- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)HUMAN:
- TDLo- (ORAL)HAMSTER:
- TDLo- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS137-26-8 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Thiram

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 0.05 mg/m(3)
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A4
Codes: IFV, SEN
Definitions:

A4: Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.
IFV: Inhalable fraction and vapor.
SEN: The designation SEN refers to the potential for an agent to produce sensitization, as confirmed by human or animal data. The notation does not imply that this is the critical effect or that this is the sole basis for the TLV. Although, for those TLVs that are based on sensitization, the TLV is meant to protect workers from induction of this effect, but cannot protect workers who have already become sensitized. The notation should be used to assist in identifying sensitization hazards and reducing respiratory, dermal, and conjunctival exposures to sensitizing agents in the workplace. Please see "Definitions and Notations" (in TLV booklet) for full definition.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Body weight and hematologic eff
Molecular Weight: 240.44

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS137-26-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS137-26-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Thiram
REL:

TWA: 5 mg/m(3)
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 100 mg/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS137-26-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Thiram
Table Z-1 for Thiram:

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 5

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS137-26-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS137-26-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide [(H2N)C(S)] 2S2, tetramethyl-
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

10 (4.54)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Thiram
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

10 (4.54)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS137-26-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS137-26-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide [(H2 N)C(S)]2 S2, tetramethyl-
P or U series number: U244
Footnote:
Listed as: Thiram
P or U series number: U244
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS137-26-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS137-26-8 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Thiram
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/94
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS137-26-8 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS137-26-8 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide ([(H2N)C(S)]2S2), tetramethyl-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS137-26-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 137-26-8.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
- Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
- Containers may explode when heated.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS137-26-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS137-26-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Toxic gases and vapors, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, and carbon monoxide, may be released in a fire involving thiram (HSDB , 1992).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Toxic gases and vapors, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, and carbon monoxide, may be released in a fire involving thiram (HSDB , 1992).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Toxic gases and vapors, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, and carbon monoxide, may be released in a fire involving thiram (HSDB , 1992).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (ERG, 2004)

Data presented from the Emergency Response Guidebook Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances are for use when a spill has occurred and there is no fire. If there is a fire, or if a fire is involved, evacuation information presented under FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES should be used.
Generally, a small spill is one that involves a single, small package such as a drum containing up to approximately 200 liters, a small cylinder, or a small leak from a large package. A large spill is one that involves a spill from a large package, or multiple spills from many small packages.
Suggested distances to protect from vapors of toxic-by-inhalation and/or water-reactive materials during the first 30 minutes following the spill.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate enclosed areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS137-26-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS137-26-8 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Thiram (Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide [(H2N)C(S)]2S2, tetramethyl-)
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.05
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 10
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 75
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 100
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS137-26-8 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS137-26-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 100 mg/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
At the time of this review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices (HSDB , 1992).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

The primary release of thiram to the environment appears to be from its use as a fungicide. Other sources of release may be from production and use as a rubber accelerator, cure retarder, anti-oxidant in plastics, and peptizing agent in elastomers. Thiram is not known to occur as a natural product (HSDB , 1992).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- TERRESTRIAL FATE: If released to soil, thiram will degrade by decomposition under acidic conditions, possibly to dimethyldithiocarbamate, and by microbial degradation. Microbial degradation may be significant in various soils as suggested by faster degradation in unsterilized soil than in sterilized soil. Major metabolites are copper dimethyldithiocarbamate, dithiocarbamate and carbon disulfide (HSDB , 1992).
- AQUATIC FATE: If released to water, thiram should chemically decompose under acidic conditions, possibly to dimethyldithiocarbamate. Photochemical decomposition may be a potential transformation process. Adsorption onto suspended solids and sediments may also be significant (estimated Koc of 672). Bioconcentration in aquatic organisms and volatilization from water surfaces should not be significant (HSDB , 1992).
- ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If released to the atmosphere, vapor phase thiram is predicted to react with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals. The reaction half-life at 25 degrees C is estimated to be 26.57 days (HSDB , 1992).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

Ecotoxicity Values (HSDB , 1992):

LD50 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), female, 3 month old, oral, greater than 2800 mg/kg
LD50 Pheasant (Phasianus), male, 3 to 4 months old, oral, 673 mg/kg
LD50 Redwing blackbird, oral, greater than 100 mg/kg
LC50 Cyprinus carpio (carp), 4 mg/L, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 Salmo (trout), 0.13 mg/L, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill), 0.23 mg/L, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 Dugesia Gonocephala (Platyhelminth), 0.53 ppm/24 hour, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 Dugesia Gonocephala (Platyhelminth), 0.48 ppm/96 hour, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 Asellus aquaticus (crustacean), 1882 ppm/24 hour, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 Asellus aquaticus (crustacean), 61 ppm/96 hour, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 Xenopus laevis (amphibian), Stage 47, 0.017 ppm/24 hour, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 Xenopus laevis (amphibian), Stage 47, 0.013 ppm/96 hour, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 Xenopus, Stage 53, 0.025 ppm/24 hour, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 Xenopus, Stage 53, 0.021 ppm/96 hour, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 Gammarus Pulex (scud), 14 ppm/24 hour, calculated thiram 80%, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 Gammarus Pulex (scud), 0.195 ppm/96 hour, calculated thiram 80%, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 Gammarus Pulex (scud), 4.77 ppm/24 hour, calculated thiram 80%, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 Gammarus Pulex (scud), 0.13 ppm/96 hour, calculated thiram 80%, conditions of bioassay not specified

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

240.44

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

COLOR

White, crystalline powder (Sax & Lewis, 1987)
Colorless to yellow: Commercial pesticide products may be dyed blue (HSDB, 2005; NIOSH, 2005).

No information on the taste of thiram was found in available references at the time of this review.

No information on the pH of thiram was found in available references at the time of this review.

VAPOR PRESSURE

1.725 x 10(-5) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB, 2005)

Approximately 0 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1996)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

1.29 (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB, 2005)

DENSITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

1.30 g/cm(3) (Sax & Lewis, 1989)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

156 degrees C (Sax & Lewis, 1989)
155-156 degrees C (pure) (HSDB, 2005; ACGIH, 1996)
146 degrees C (commercial grade) (HSDB, 2005; ACGIH, 1996)

BOILING POINT

129 degrees C (at 20 mmHg) (HSDB, 2005; Sax & Lewis, 1989)

FLASH POINT

89 degrees C; 192 degrees F (closed cup) (HSDB, 2005)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Thiram is insoluble in water (Sax & Lewis, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1987).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Thiram is soluble in (Sax & Lewis, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1987):

Acetone
Alcohol
Benzene
Carbon disulfide
Chloroform
Ether

OTHER

Thiram is insoluble in dilute alkali and gasoline (Sax & Lewis, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1987).

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Germane (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008j. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480963906&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

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Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents