THIOSEMICARBAZIDE

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C-H5-N3-S

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

153-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(EPA, 1985; HSDB , 1991; RTECS , 1991; Sax & Lewis, 1989)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Thiosemicarbazide has been tested as a potential rodenticide (Dieke, 1949), but is not registered as a pesticide in the United States (EPA, 1985).
Thiosemicarbazide is used as a reagent for ketones and certain metals, in some photographic processes, for the control of bacterial leaf blight in rice crops, and as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of herbicides (EPA, 1985; Sax & Lewis, 1987).

FORMS

Thiosemicarbazide is a singly-substituted derivative of thiourea in which an amino group replaces the naphthyl radical of ANTU (Dieke, 1949).
Acetone thiosemicarbazide is a related compound which is thought to have similar toxicity.

SOURCES

It is a derivative of hydrazine as well as thiourea (Dieke, 1949), and can be produced from hydrazine salts and potassium thiocyanate (Sax & Lewis, 1987).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

When ingested, thiosemicarbazide may cause goiter, bone marrow depression, and vomiting. Direct exposure may cause eye and skin irritation. Central nervous system stimulation, seizures, and excessive salivation have been noted in experimental animals. Pulmonary edema and pleural effusions may also occur, even with ingestion. Hyperglycemia may occur.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

GENERAL -

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100 percent humidified oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Induced emesis should be avoided.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

INHALATION EXPOSURE -

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100 percent humidified oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Observe patients with significant inhalation exposure or respiratory tract irritation carefully for the possible development of bronchospasm or pulmonary edema. Monitor arterial blood gases and chest x-ray in patients with significant inhalation exposure or respiratory tract irritation. Inhaled sympathomimetics might be required if bronchospasm develops.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

DERMAL AND EYE EXPOSURE -

Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed. Dermal irritation should be treated with standard topical therapy.

ORAL EXPOSURE -

Measures to decrease absorption (administration of activated charcoal) might be beneficial in ingestion exposures. Because of the potential for seizures, do not induce emesis.
Monitoring thyroid function tests, blood sugar, and complete blood count with platelet count may be useful in patients with significant exposure.
SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue).

Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years).
Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia.

PYRIDOXINE -

No dosing recommendations for pyridoxine treatment of poisoning with thiosemicarbazide have been made. The following suggested doses are extrapolated from those recommended for seizure therapy in hydrazine poisoning.
DOSE - 25 milligrams per kilogram, one-third administered intramuscularly and the remaining two-thirds given intravenously over 3 hours (Kirklin et al, 1976; Frierson, 1965).
CONTINUING SEIZURES - For continuing seizures, increase the dose by 25 milligrams per kilogram intravenously every 5 to 10 minutes to a maximum of 300 milligrams per kilogram. Administer no more pyridoxine than necessary to stop seizures. Other symptoms cannot be expected to respond to pyridoxine administration.
CAUTIONS - Pyridoxine doses of 0.2 to 5 grams daily for 2 to 40 months have caused ataxia and severe sensory nervous system dysfunction (Schaumburg et al, 1983; Parry & Bredesen, 1985; Berger & Schaumburg, 1984; Dalton, 1985). A mixed sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy has been described in one patient with hydrazine poisoning who received 10 grams of pyridoxine intravenously (Harati & Niakan, 1986). The maximum nontoxic pyridoxine dose is not known.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human exposure to thiosemicarbazide has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated human exposure to thiosemicarbazide has not been delineated.

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS79-19-6 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS79-19-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

LD50- (ORAL)CAT:
- 20 mg/kg (Sax, 1989)
LD50- (ORAL)DOG:
- 10 mg/kg (Sax, 1989)
LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- 9.160 mg/kg (Sax, 1989)
- 13 mg/kg (Windholz et al, 1983)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS79-19-6 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS79-19-6 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS79-19-6 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS79-19-6 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS79-19-6 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS79-19-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Thiosemicarbazide
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Hydrazinecarbothioamide
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS79-19-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS79-19-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: Hydrazinecarbothioamide
P or U series number: P116
Footnote:
Listed as: Thiosemicarbazide
P or U series number: P116
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS79-19-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Thiosemicarbazide
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 100

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

100/10,000
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS79-19-6 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Thiosemicarbazide
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/95
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS79-19-6 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS79-19-6 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Hydrazinecarbothioamide

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS79-19-6 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection. fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 79-19-6.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
- When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
- Substance may be transported in a molten form.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS79-19-6 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS79-19-6 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, thiosemicarbazide can evolve toxic and irritating fumes of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, thiosemicarbazide can evolve toxic and irritating fumes of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, thiosemicarbazide can evolve toxic and irritating fumes of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate enclosed areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS79-19-6 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS79-19-6 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Thiosemicarbazide
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 1.5
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 5
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 9.2
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 9.2
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS79-19-6 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS79-19-6 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection. fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

POLLUTION SOURCES

Thiosemicarbazide is released to the environment through various waste streams associated with its production and use as a reagent for ketones and certain metals, and in photography (HSDB, 2004).

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE

Workers may be exposed to thiosemicarbazide via dermal contact in areas where it is produced and used (HSDB, 2004).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

In the atmosphere, thiosemicarbazide is expected to exist solely in the vapor phase, based on its vapor pressure of 8.7 x 10(-3) mmHg (at 25 degrees C). The vapor degrades through reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals at an estimated rate of 8.4 x 10(-11) cm(3)/molecule-sec (at 25 degrees C); this corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of approximately 5 hours (at a hydroxyl radical concentration of 5 x 10(5) radicals/cm(3)) (HSDB, 2004).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Thiosemicarbazide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids or sediment in water, based on its estimated organic carbon-water partition coefficient (Koc) of 5 (HSDB, 2004).
- Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected, based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.6 x 10(-10) atm-m(3)/mole (HSDB, 2004).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Based on an estimated organic carbon-water partition coefficient (Koc) of 5, thiosemicarbazide is expected to have very high mobility in soil (HSDB, 2004).
- Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process, given thiosemicarbazide's Henry's Law constant of 6.6 x 10(-10) atm-cm(3)/mole, or from dry soil, given its estimated vapor pressure of 8.7 x 10(-3) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB, 2004).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

If released to the atmosphere, thiosemicarbazide is predicted to exist solely in vapor form where it will degrade through reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals. In aquatic systems, thiosemicarbazide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids or sediment, nor is it expected it volatilize or bioconcentrate significantly in aquatic organisms. In soils, it is expected to be highly mobile, and essentially non-volatile from both moist and dry soil surfaces (HSDB, 2004).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

Bioconcentration of thiosemicarbazide by aquatic organisms is expected to be low, based on its estimated bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 3 (HSDB, 2004).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

AMPHIBIANS

EC50 - FROG (Xenopus laevis): 25.5 mg/L for 96H -- for gross embryo malformation (Verschueren, 2001)
LC50 - FROG (Xenopus laevis), embryos: 10,970 mg/L for 96H (Verschueren, 2001)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

91.15

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Thiosemicarbazide is an odorless, white, needle-shaped crystalline powder with a bitter taste similar to that of phenyl thiourea (HSDB, 2005; Sax, 1984; Windholz et al, 1983; EPA, 1985; Dieke, 1949).

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

183 degrees C (HSDB, 2005)
180-184 degrees C; 356-363 degrees F (EPA, 1985)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Thiosemicarbazide is soluble in water (Windholz et al, 1983).

Thiosemicarbazide is soluble in cold water at about 1-2%, and in hot water at about 10% (Dieke, 1949).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Thiosemicarbazide is soluble in alcohol (Windholz et al, 1983).

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