TETRANITROMETHANE

Oxidizer or more propellent in rocket fuel; as explosive in admixture with toluene; to increase cetane number of diesel fuels; reagent for detecting the presence of double bonds in organic compounds and to nitrate tyrosine residues in proteins and peptides (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1993). It has been proposed for use as an irritant war gas (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1993).

FORMS

DESCRIPTION:

Pale yellow liquid (Budavari, 1996; Hathaway et al, 1991a)
Colorless liquid with a pungent odor (Lewis, 1993)
Colorless, oily fluid (Clayton & Clayton, 1993)

SOURCES

Tetranitromethane occurs as a contaminant of crud trinitrotoluene (TNT) and is thought to be primarily responsible for TNT's irritant properties (Clayton & Clayton, 1993).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Human fatalities have occurred from tetranitromethane exposure. It is a potent irritant of the eyes and mucous membranes. Inhalation may produce respiratory tract irritation, dyspnea, bronchopneumonia, or pulmonary edema. Headache and weakness occur with chronic vapor exposure.

Experimental animals have developed central nervous system damage, anemia, and fatty degeneration of the liver and kidneys from exposure. Direct skin contact may cause mild burns.
Tetranitromethane occurs as an impurity in crude TNT, and is thought to be mainly responsible for that material's irritant properties.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 143 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.
Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.
Toxic fumes or dust may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.).
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

With an acute inhalation LC50 of 18 ppm/4 hours in rats, tetranitromethane is a highly toxic substance (RTECS , 1996). Concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm have been fatal in experimental animals (RTECS , 1996). It can be toxic by the oral, inhalation, and dermal exposure routes (Lewis, 1993). Tetranitromethane has been reported to be fatal in humans (ACGIH, 1991; Fischer, 1917; Koelsch, 1917; Hager, 1949).

Tetranitromethane is a potent irritant of the eyes, nose, throat and mucous membranes. Vapor concentrations higher than 1 ppm can produce rhinorrhea and tearing (Hathaway et al, 1991; Clayton & Clayton, 1993). One source states that skin irritation is rare (Hathaway et al, 1991); another says that it does not occur (Clayton & Clayton, 1993). Prolonged exposure can produced headache and respiratory distress (Clayton & Clayton, 1993).

Inhalation may produce respiratory irritation, dyspnea, and bronchopneumonia. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema has been produced in experimental animals (ACGIH, 1991; Hathaway et al, 1991; Clayton & Clayton, 1993).

Tetranitromethane can induce methemoglobinemia in humans (ACGIH, 1991; Hathaway et al, 1991). It has been reported to induce methemoglobinemia in cats and rats (Hathaway et al, 1991; ACGIH, 1991). Methemoglobin was induced by the oral but not by the inhalation or IV route; this result implies a role of nitroreductase in the gut for the production of methemoglobin (ACGIH, 1991).

Intravenous injection of tetranitromethane in experimental animals produced unspecified central nervous system damage (Hathaway et al, 1991). There are no reports of human CNS damage from tetranitromethane exposure.

Experimental animals have developed anemia and fatty degeneration of the liver and kidneys from exposure to tetranitromethane (ACGIH, 1991; Hathaway et al, 1991).

Experimental animals exposed to tetranitromethane develop increased preening, respiratory changes, eye irritation, rhinorrhea, gasping, salivation, cyanosis, and excitement prior to death. Necropsy has revealed irritation of the lungs and destruction of epithelial cells, vascular congestion, pulmonary edema, emphysema, bronchopneumonia, and damage of the liver and kidney (Clayton & Clayton, 1993).

Tetranitromethane is oxidatively denitrified by the microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system in rat and mouse liver (Clayton & Clayton, 1993). The acute toxicity of tetranitromethane probably involves at least two mechanisms: inactivation of enzymes, peptides, and proteins through nitration of essential tyrosyl residues, and oxidation of the iron in heme to form methemoglobin. Its irritant effects may be related to its properties as an acid.

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Chronic occupational exposure to tetranitromethane has been associated with headache and subjective generalized weakness (ACGIH, 1991).

The respiratory system appears to be the major target of repeated inhalation exposures in experimental animals. Dogs and rats exposed to 6.35 ppm for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 6 months died of pulmonary irritation, edema, and pneumonia; methemoglobinemia was not evident (Clayton & Clayton, 1993). Rats developed pulmonary edema from inhalation of levels as high as 7.5 ppm for 2 weeks; bronchitis, catarrhal bronchiolitis, and tracheitis were also exposure-related (ACGIH, 1991).

Pulmonary inflammation was seen in mice exposed to 25 or 50 ppm for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 14 days (ACGIH, 1991; NTP, 1990). Chronic pulmonary inflammation occurred in rats and mice exposed to 10 ppm for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks (ACGIH, 1991; NTP, 1990).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 143 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ANIMAL DATA

Airborne concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm have been fatal in experimental animals (RTECS , 1996).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated exposure is not well established.
Exposed laboratory workers developed lacrimation and upper respiratory tract irritation when airborne concentrations exceeded 1 ppm (Hathaway et al, 1991).
Airborne concentrations in excess of 1 ppm cause lacrimation and upper respiratory irritation, whereas 0.4 ppm may cause mild irritation (Hathaway et al, 1991).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS509-14-8 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A3 ; Listed as: Tetranitromethane

A3 :Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 2B ; Listed as: Tetranitromethane

2B : The agent (mixture) is possibly carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are possibly carcinogenic to humans. This category is used for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. It may also be used when there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. In some instances, an agent, mixture or exposure circumstance for which there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but limited evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals together with supporting evidence from other relevant data may be placed in this group.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Tetranitromethane
MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 2 ; Listed as: Tetranitromethane

Category 2 : Substances that are considered to be carcinogenic for man because sufficient data from long-term animal studies or limited evidence from animal studies substantiated by evidence from epidemiological studies indicate that they can make a significant contribution to cancer risk. Limited data from animal studies can be supported by evidence that the substance causes cancer by a mode of action that is relevant to man and by results of in vitro tests and short-term animal studies.

NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): R ; Listed as: Tetranitromethane

R : RAHC = Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS509-14-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: HSDB, 1996 ITI, 1988; RTECS, 1996
- LC50- (INHALATION)CAT:
- LC50- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS509-14-8 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Tetranitromethane

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 0.005 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A3
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions:

A3: Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Eye and URT irr; URT cancer
Molecular Weight: 196.04

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS509-14-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS509-14-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Tetranitromethane
REL:

TWA: 1 ppm (8 mg/m(3))
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 4 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS509-14-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Tetranitromethane
Table Z-1 for Tetranitromethane:

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 1

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 8

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS509-14-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS509-14-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Tetranitromethane
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

10 (4.54)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Methane, tetranitro-
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

10 (4.54)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS509-14-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS509-14-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: Methane, tetranitro-
P or U series number: P112
Footnote:
Listed as: Tetranitromethane
P or U series number: P112
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS509-14-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Tetranitromethane
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 10

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

500
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS509-14-8 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS509-14-8 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS509-14-8 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Methane, tetranitro-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1510 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Tetranitromethane

Symbol(s): +

+: fixes the proper shipping name, hazard class and packing group for that entry without regard to whether the material meets the definition of that class, packing group or any other hazard class definition. When the plus sign is assigned to a proper shipping name, it means that the material is known to pose a risk to humans. When a plus sign is assigned to mixtures or solutions containing a material where the hazard to humans is significantly different from that of the pure material or where no hazard to humans is posed, the material may be described using an alternative shipping name that represents the hazards posed by the material. An appropriate alternate proper shipping name and hazard class may be authorized by the DOT Associate Administrator.

Hazard class or Division: 5.1

5.1: Oxidizer. See 49 CFR section 173.127 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1510
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 5.1, 6.1

5.1: Oxidizer.
6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: 2, B9, B14, B32, B74, T20, TP2, TP13, TP38, TP44

2: This material is poisonous by inhalation (see sxn. 171.8 of this subchapter) in Hazard Zone B (see sxn. 173.116(a) or sxn. 173.133(a) of this subchapter), and must be described as an inhalation hazard under the provisions of this subchapter.
B9: Bottom outlets are not authorized.
B14: Each bulk packaging, except a tank car or a multi-unit-tank car tank, must be insulated with an insulating material so that the overall thermal conductance at 15.5 °C (60 °F) is no more than 1.5333 kilojoules per hour per square meter per degree Celsius (0.075 Btu per hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit) temperature differential. Insulating materials must not promote corrosion to steel when wet.
B32: MC 312, MC 330, MC 331, DOT 412 cargo tanks and DOT 51 portable tanks must be made of stainless steel, except that steel other than stainless steel may be used in accordance with the provisions of sxn. 173.24b(b) of this subchapter. Thickness of stainless steel for tank shell and heads for cargo tanks and portable tanks must be the greater of 6.35 mm (0.250 inch) or the thickness required for a tank with a design pressure at least equal to 1.3 times the vapor pressure of the lading at 46 °C (115 °F). In addition, MC 312 and DOT 412 cargo tank motor vehicles must: a. Be ASME Code (U) stamped for 100% radiography of all pressure-retaining welds; b. Have accident damage protection which conforms with sxn. 178.345-8 of this subchapter; c. Have a MAWP or design pressure of at least 87 psig; and d. Have a bolted manway cover.
B74: Tank cars must have a test pressure of 20.68 Bar (300 psig) or greater and conform to Class 105S, 106, 110, 112J, 114J or 120S.
T20: Minimum test pressure (bar): 10; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): 8 mm; Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): sxn. 178.275(g)(3); Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): Prohibited.
TP2: a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and alpha is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius; and b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions a may be calculated using the formula: [alpha = (d15-d50)/(35 x d50)], where d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) and 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), respectively.
TP13: Self-contained breathing apparatus must be provided when this hazardous material is transported by sea.
TP38: Each portable tank must be insulated with an insulating material so that the overall thermal conductance at 15.5 °C (60 °F) is no more than 1.5333 kilojoules per hour per square meter per degree Celsius (0.075 Btu per hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit) temperature differential. Insulating materials may not promote corrosion to steel when wet.
TP44: Each portable tank must be made of stainless steel, except that steel other than stainless steel may be used in accordance with the provisions of sxn. 173.24b(b) of this subchapter. Thickness of stainless steel for tank shell and heads must be the greater of 7.62 mm (0.300 inch) or the thickness required for a portable tank with a design pressure at least equal to 1.5 times the vapor pressure of the hazardous material at 46 °C (115 °F).

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 227
Bulk packaging: None

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: Forbidden

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: D

D: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but the material is prohibited on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 40, 66

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".
66: Stow "separated from" flammable solids.

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1510 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Tetranitromethane
UN Number: 1510

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS509-14-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Generators of waste containing tetranitromethane (US Environmental Protection Agency hazardous waste number P112) in quantities equal to or greater than 100 kg/month must conform with US EPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of the waste (HSDB , 1994).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 143 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

This chemical is toxic by skin absorption - protective clothing should be worn! Contact the material supplier for protective equipment recommendations (Mansdorf, 1996).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 509-14-8.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 143 (ERG, 2004)
- May explode from friction, heat or contamination.
- These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire.
- May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
- Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels).
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
Tetranitromethane is a powerful oxidizer. It is a very dangerous fire hazard (Lewis, 1992).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS509-14-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 143 (ERG, 2004)

Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 143 (ERG, 2004)

Flood fire area with water from a distance.
Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Do not get water inside containers: a violent reaction may occur.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Dike fire-control water for later disposal.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS509-14-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide to fight fire (AAR, 1992).

If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame, consider evacuation of one-third mile radius (AAR, 1992).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, tetranitromethane emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen (Lewis, 1992).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Tetranitromethane is highly explosive in the presence of impurities (Budavari, 1989; ACGIH, 1986).

Tetranitromethane is a severe explosion hazard when shocked or exposed to heat (Lewis, 1992).

It may explode during distillation (Lewis, 1992).

Tetranitromethane forms potentially explosive reactions with the following (Lewis, 1992):

Ferrocene
Pyridine
Sodium ethoxide

Mixtures with amines (eg, aniline) ignite spontaneously and may explode (Lewis, 1992).

Mixtures with cotton or toluene may explode when ignited (Lewis, 1992).

Tetranitromethane forms sensitive and powerful explosive mixtures with the following (Lewis, 1992):

1,3-Dinitrobenzene
Hydrocarbons
Nitrobenzene
1-Nitrotoluene
4-Nitrotoluene
1-Nitronaphthalene
Other oxygen-deficient explosives

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, tetranitromethane emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen (Lewis, 1992).

Tetranitromethane vapor is a severe irritant of the eyes and respiratory tract; it can cause mild methemoglobinemia (Hathaway, 1991).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Explosive or probably explosive mixtures are formed with aluminum, aromatic nitro compounds, hydrocarbons, and p-nitrotoluene (ITI, 1985).

Tetranitromethane is incompatible with aluminum (Lewis, 1992).

When heated to decomposition, tetranitromethane emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen (Lewis, 1992).

Tetranitromethane attacks iron, copper, brass, zinc, and rubber (Budavari, 1996).

It is a powerful oxidizer and is a sensitive, but weak, explosive when pure, and a powerful explosive when aromatic hydrocarbons are present (ACGIH, 1991; Lewis, 1993; Clayton & Clayton, 1993).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (ERG, 2004)

Data presented from the Emergency Response Guidebook Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances are for use when a spill has occurred and there is no fire. If there is a fire, or if a fire is involved, evacuation information presented under FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES should be used.
Generally, a small spill is one that involves a single, small package such as a drum containing up to approximately 200 liters, a small cylinder, or a small leak from a large package. A large spill is one that involves a spill from a large package, or multiple spills from many small packages.
Suggested distances to protect from vapors of toxic-by-inhalation and/or water-reactive materials during the first 30 minutes following the spill.

DOT ID No. 1510 - Tetranitromethane

SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 30 meters (100 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.3 kilometers (0.2 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 0.6 kilometers (0.4 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 90 meters (300 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.8 kilometers (0.5 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 1.6 kilometers (1 miles).

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 143 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 143 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 143 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

If fire involving tetranitromethane becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame, consider evacuation of one-third mile radius (AAR, 1992).

If material is leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions (AAR, 1992).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS509-14-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS509-14-8 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Tetranitromethane
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 0.52
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 0.52
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 0.52
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 1.7
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS509-14-8 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Listed as: Tetranitromethane (TNM)
Final Value:

AEGL-1

10 min exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of insufficient data
mg/m3: Not recommended because of insufficient data

30 min exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of insufficient data
mg/m3: Not recommended because of insufficient data

1 hr exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of insufficient data
mg/m3: Not recommended because of insufficient data

4 hr exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of insufficient data
mg/m3: Not recommended because of insufficient data

8 hr exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of insufficient data
mg/m3: Not recommended because of insufficient data

Definitions:

AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.

Listed as: Tetranitromethane (TNM)
Final Value:

AEGL-2

10 min exposure:

ppm: 0.66 ppm
mg/m3: 5.3 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 0.66 ppm
mg/m3: 5.3 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.52 ppm
mg/m3: 4.2 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.33 ppm
mg/m3: 2.6 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.17 ppm
mg/m3: 1.4 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

Listed as: Tetranitromethane (TNM)
Final Value:

AEGL-3

10 min exposure:

ppm: 2.2 ppm
mg/m3: 18 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 2.2 ppm
mg/m3: 18 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 1.7 ppm
mg/m3: 14 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 1.1 ppm
mg/m3: 8.8 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.55 ppm
mg/m3: 4.4 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS509-14-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 4 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 143 (ERG, 2004)
- Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 143 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 143 (ERG, 2004)
- Flush area with flooding quantities of water.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 143 (ERG, 2004)
- DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Generators of waste containing tetranitromethane (US Environmental Protection Agency hazardous waste number P112) in quantities equal to or greater than 100 kg/month must conform with US EPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of the waste (HSDB , 1994).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

Tetranitromethane is a potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1600 degrees C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds (HSDB , 1994).
Tetranitromethane is a potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1600 degrees C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids (HSDB , 1994).
Tetranitromethane is also a potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 degrees C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids (HSDB , 1994).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Tetranitromethane may be released to the environment as a result of its manufacture and use as a rocket fuel, diesel fuel booster, organic reagent, and as an explosive in admixture with toluene. It may be released to the environment as a result of the production of TNT since it is a byproduct in the production of this explosive (HSDB , 1994).

WATER: May be dangerous if it enters water intakes. Notify local health and wildlife officials. Notify operators of nearby water intakes (CHRIS , 1994).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

If tetranitromethane is released to the atmosphere, it will be expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor phase based upon a reported vapor pressure of 8.4 mmHg at 20 degrees C. It should not be susceptible to photooxidation via vapor phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (HSDB , 1994).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- If tetranitromethane is released to water, it will be expected to be subject to volatilization based upon a Henry's Law constant which was estimated from a vapor pressure of 8.4 mmHg at 20 degrees C and an estimated water solubility of 8.5 x 104 mg/L at 25 degrees C. It will not be expected to adsorb to sediment or suspended particulate matter based upon an estimated Koc of 8.8 or to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms based upon an estimated bioconcentration factor of 0.15. No data were located concerning biodegradation, direct photolysis, hydrolysis or oxidation of tetranitromethane in the environment (HSDB , 1994).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- If tetranitromethane is released to soil, it will be expected to be very highly mobile based upon an estimated Koc of 8.8 and, therefore, it may leach to groundwater. Based upon a measured vapor pressure of 8.4 mmHg at 20 degrees C, volatilization from dry near-surface soil or other surfaces may be important processes. No data were located concerning biodegradation or hydrolysis of tetranitromethane in soil (HSDB , 1994).

OTHER

OTHER
- WATER: The volatilization half-life from a model river (1 meter deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind speed of 3 m/sec) has been estimated to be 2.1 days. The volatilization half-life from a model pond has been estimated to be 24 days (HSDB , 1994).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

WATER: Effects of low concentrations of tetranitromethane on aquatic life are not known (CHRIS , 1994).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

196.04 (Budavari, 1996)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Tetranitromethane has a characteristic acrid, biting odor (Clayton & Clayton, 1993).

Pale yellow or colorless, oily liquid, with a pungent odor (Budavari, 1996) Hathaway, 1991; (Lewis, 1993; Clayton & Clayton, 1993)

No information found at the time of this review.

VAPOR PRESSURE

10 mmHg (at 22.7 degrees C) (Lewis, 1992)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
1.6229 (at 25/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)
1.638 (at 25/4 degrees C) (technical grade) (Budavari, 1996)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

13.8 degrees C (Budavari, 1996)

BOILING POINT

126 degrees C (at 760 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

40 degrees C (at 25.8 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

30 degrees C (at 14.9 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

20 degrees C (at 8.4 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

13.8 degrees C (at 5.7 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

0.0 degrees C (at 1.9 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

FLASH POINT

>230 degrees F (closed cup) (CHRIS , 1996)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Tetranitromethane insoluble in water (Budavari, 1996).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Tetranitromethane is freely soluble in alcohol, ether, and alcoholic potassium hydroxide (Budavari, 1996).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = -0.791 (estimated) (HSDB , 1996)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

2.55 x 10(-5) atm-cu m/mol (calculated) (HSDB , 1996)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

6408 (HSDB , 1996)

MASS

1116 (HSDB , 1996)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.4384 (at 20 degrees C/D) (HSDB , 1996)
1.4358 (at 25 degrees C/D) (HSDB , 1996)

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents