TERT-BUTYL ALCOHOL

tert-Butyl alcohol is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, perfumes, paint removers, flotation devices and plastics, cellulose esters, lacquers, and oil-soluble resins (Bingham et al, 2001; Budavari, 2001; Hathaway et al, 1996).
It is also used in the manufacture of methyl methacrylate, as a denaturant for ethanol, as a chemical intermediate, solvent, and dehydration agent. It is a component of fruit essences and flavors, industrial cleaning compounds, and insecticidal formulations. It is an FDA-approved defoaming agent used on components and coatings which contact food (Bingham et al, 2001; Budavari, 2001; Lewis, 2001; Hathaway et al, 1996; HSDB , 2002).
tert-Butyl alcohol is an additive used to boost the octane of unleaded gasoline (Bingham et al, 2001; Lewis, 2001).

FORMS

t-Butyl alcohol exists as a colorless liquid, with a camphor-like odor. It will form rhombic prisms or plates at temperatures below 25 degrees C. It is often used in aqueous solutions (Bingham et al, 2001; HSDB , 2002; Lewis, 2000).

SOURCES

t-Butyl alcohol is produced through the following reactions (Ashford, 2001; Budavari, 2001; HSDB , 2002):

t-butyl hydroperoxide + propylene (Arco TBA-PO process; co-produced with propylene oxide)
hydration of isobutylene
acetyl chloride + dimethylzinc
2-t-butyl-peroxy-2-methyl-propionic acid + triethylamine in the presence of chlorobenzene

t-Butyl alcohol is produced as a by-product of the isobutane oxidation process in the manufacture of propylene oxide (Bingham et al, 2001; HSDB , 2002).

SYNONYM EXPLANATION

Butyl alcohol exists in four isomeric forms. The data provided in this document are specific to the tertiary isomer. For additional information on the other individual isomers or mixtures, please refer to data specific to the isomer of interest.

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

tert-Butyl alcohol may be toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and skin or eye exposure.

Exposure to eyes, nose, throat, and skin may produce mucous membrane or dermal irritation. Central nervous system exposure symptoms may include headache, giddiness, confusion, drowsiness, delirium, and narcosis. Respiratory effects consist of cough and dyspnea. Death from respiratory failure is possible. Gastointestinal effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Occasionally GI hemorrhage, renal damage with glycosuria, liver damage, acute lung injury, and cardiac failure may be seen.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin.
Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles), as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), should be used when working with this chemical. Face shields should only be worn over primary eye protection.

Contact lens use is not recommended when working with this chemical. If contact lenses are worn, then appropriate eye and face protection devices must be used. OSHA emphasizes that dusty and/or chemical environments may represent an additional hazard to contact lens wearers.

DERMAL EXPOSURE - Flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, respiratory system, and central nervous system (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007; OSHA, 2000).

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

INGESTION EXPOSURE

Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation, do not induce emesis.
PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ACUTE

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.
(HSDB , 2002).

ANIMAL DATA

Studies of male and female mice and rats exposed to drinking water dosed with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4% tert-butyl alcohol (w/v) for 90 days resulted in death for both sexes and both species at the 4% level (Lindamood et al, 1992).
Rats and mice exposed to 7000 ppm tert-butyl alcohol vapor for 6 hours died (Bingham et al, 2001).
Emaciated appearance, rough coats, hypoactivity, and prostration were observed in 5 male mice exposed to 1080 ppm for 6 hours/day for 5 days/week. These animals died before completion of the 13 week study (Bingham et al, 2001).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.
tert-Butyl alcohol is toxic by inhalation, producing symptoms similar to those of narcosis (CHRIS , 2002) NTP, 2001). Exposure to elevated concentrations of its vapor may cause dizziness, headache, nausea, fatigue, difficulty breathing, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat in humans (ACGIH, 1991; Bingham et al, 2001; CHRIS , 2002) NTP, 2001). Dermal contact can produce slight irritation, erythema, and hyperemia (Bingham et al, 2001).
Persons with pre-existing skin, liver, kidney, eye, chronic respiratory, central and/or peripheral nervous system diseases may be at increased risk of exposure to tert-butyl alcohol (HSDB , 2002).

ANIMAL DATA

Male and female mice and rats were exposed to drinking water dosed with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4% tert-butyl alcohol (w/v) for 90 days. The effects were ataxia, abnormal posture, and hypoactivity in mice, and urinary tract lesions in both rats and mice. The no-effect levels for urinary tract lesions were 803.7 mg/kg/day (1%) for male rats, 1565.8 mg/kg/day (1%) for male mice, 1451.5 mg/kg/day (2%) for female rats, and 4362.9 mg/kg/day (2%) for female mice (Lindamood et al, 1992).
Adverse effects were noted in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice exposed to tert-butyl alcohol vapor at levels ranging from 450 to 7000 ppm (Bingham et al, 2001):

Final mean body weights of the rats exposed to 3500 ppm for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, over 12 days of exposure were significantly less than controls. One male mouse exposed to the 3500 ppm concentration died on day three.
Exposures to concentrations of 1080 or 2100 ppm affected liver and kidney weights in both rats and mice.

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS75-65-0 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A4 ; Listed as: tert-Butanol

A4 :Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: tert-Butyl alcohol
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS75-65-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: CHRIS, 2002 HSDB, 2002 Lewis, 2000 Pohanish, 2002 RTECS, 2002
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS

1 ppm = 3.03 mg/m(3) at 25 degrees C and 760 mmHg (Bingham et al, 2001; NIOSH , 2002)

1 mg/L = 330 ppm at 25 degrees C and 760 mmHg (Bingham et al, 2001)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS75-65-0 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

tert-Butanol

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 100 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A4
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions:

A4: Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): CNS impair
Molecular Weight: 74.12

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS75-65-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS75-65-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: tert-Butyl alcohol
REL:

TWA: 100 ppm (300 mg/m(3))
STEL: 150 ppm (450 mg/m(3))
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 1600 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS75-65-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: tert-Butyl alcohol
Table Z-1 for tert-Butyl alcohol:

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 100

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 300

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS75-65-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS75-65-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS75-65-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS75-65-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS75-65-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS75-65-0 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: tert-Butyl alcohol
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS75-65-0 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS75-65-0 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: 2-Propanol, 2-methyl-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1120 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Butanols

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1120
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3

3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions: IB2, T4, TP1, TP29

IB2: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized.
T4: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.
TP29: A portable tank having a minimum test pressure of 1.5 bar (150.0 kPa) may be used provided the calculated test pressure is 1.5 bar or less based on the MAWP of the hazardous materials, as defined in sxn. 178.275 of this subchapter, where the test pressure is 1.5 times the MAWP.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 150
Non-bulk packaging: 202
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 5 L
Cargo aircraft only: 60 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: B

B: (i) The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length; and (ii) "On deck only" on passenger vessels in which the number of passengers specified in paragraph (k)(2)(i) of this section is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Butanols

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1120
Packing Group: III

III: Packing Group III - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is minor.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3

3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions: B1, IB3, T2, TP1

B1: If the material has a flash point at or above 38 °C (100 °F) and below 93 °C (200 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.241 of this subchapter are applicable. If the material has a flash point of less than 38 °C (100 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.242 of this subchapter are applicable.
IB3: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1 and 31HA2, 31HB2, 31HN2, 31HD2 and 31HH2). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130 kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized, except for UN2672 (also see Special Provision IP8 in Table 3 for UN2672).
T2: Minimum test pressure (bar): 1.5; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 150
Non-bulk packaging: 203
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 60 L
Cargo aircraft only: 220 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1120 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Butanols
UN Number: 1120

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS75-65-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: tert-Butyl Alcohol
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 2

(2) Moderately toxic material. Intense or continued exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury unless prompt medical treatment is given.

Flammability Rating (Red): 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 0

(0) Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Wear adequate personal protective clothing and equipment, including chemical protective clothing, eye protection, and respirator, when working with tert-butyl alcohol (NIOSH , 2002).

HANDLING

tert-Butyl alcohol is a highly flammable compound; open flames, sparks, and smoking should not be allowed in areas where it is used or stored ((ICSC, 1998)).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Metal containers used to store or transfer tert-butyl alcohol should be grounded and bonded (Pohanish, 2002).
tert-Butyl alcohol will attack many plastics and some coatings (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

tert-Butyl alcohol should be stored in a fireproof area, away from strong acids ((ICSC, 1998)).
Store tert-butyl alcohol in tightly closed containers, in a well ventilated, cool area (Pohanish, 2002).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

tert-Butyl alcohol is incompatible with strong acids, including mineral acids, strong oxidizers, aliphatic amines, isocyanates, alkali metals (ie, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium), strong hydrochloric acid,and hydrogen peroxide (NIOSH , 2002; Lewis, 2000; Pohanish & Greene, 1997). Violent reactions may occur on contact with hydrogen peroxide (NTP, 2001).
It will ignite on contact with sodium-potassium alloys (Lewis, 2000; Urben, 1999).
tert-Butyl alcohol will attack many plastics and some coatings (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
Contact with strong mineral acids can cause tert-butyl alcohol to decompose, producing flammable isobutylene gas (ACGIH, 1991; HSDB , 2002).
The reaction of tert-butyl alcohol and hydrochloric acid results in the formation of the volatile tert-butyl chloride liquid (ACGIH, 1991).
tert-Butyl alcohol vapor is moderately explosive when exposed to flame (Lewis, 2000).
It is stable under normal laboratory conditions; however, heat will contribute to the instability of tert-butyl alcohol (HSDB , 2002) NTP, 2001).
Toxic gases, including isobutylene and carbon monoxide, may be released when tert-butyl alcohol is heated to decomposition (ACGIH, 1991).
When tert-butyl alcohol is mixed with water, an irritating, flammable vapor is produced (CHRIS , 2002).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

An air pack or organic canister mask, chemical protective gloves, and safety-goggles should be worn when working with tert-butyl alcohol (CHRIS , 2002).

Personnel should stay upwind and avoid breathing butanol vapors. Broken packages should not be handled unless wearing appropriate protective clothing including gloves, boots, and goggles. Material that contacts the body should be washed away with copious amounts of water (AAR, 2000).

If tert-butyl alcohol contacts the skin, promptly wash affected areas with water or a soap and water solution (HSDB , 2002; NIOSH , 2002) NTP, 2001).

Nonimpervious clothing contaminated with tert-butyl alcohol liquid should be removed and replaced to avoid flammability hazard (NIOSH , 2002; Pohanish, 2002).

Contaminated clothing should be stored and handled as to prevent direct personal contact with persons responsible for cleaning or disposing of the clothing (HSDB , 2002).
Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of a shift, and should remain at the work site for laundering (HSDB , 2002).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Eye protection (eg, splash-proof chemical goggles, face shield, full facepiece respirator) to prevent contact of tert-butyl alcohol with the eyes should be worn (HSDB , 2002; Pohanish, 2002).

Contact lenses should not be worn when working with or around tert-butyl alcohol (HSDB , 2002; Pohanish, 2002).

If tert-butyl alcohol contacts the eyes, hold eyelids open and flush with with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes, then seek professional medical assistance, even if no symptoms are present (CHRIS , 2002) NTP, 2001).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

When working with tert-butyl alcohol, wear a NIOSH-approved, full-face chemical cartridge respirator fitted with an appropriate organic vapor cartridge (NTP, 2001).

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 75-65-0.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

CPF 4

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder Plus

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Butyl

North Safety Products

B174

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Butyl Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Nitrile+Neoprene+Natural Rubber

Perfect Fit Glove Co, LLC

Trilites/994 Bag

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: 99+%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

Trilites/994 Box

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: 99+%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

Plastic Laminate

North -- Safety 4H

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 21 degrees C; 70 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 35 degrees C; 95 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
North -- Safety 4H 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.safety4.com
North Safety Products 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.northsafety.com Email: marketing@northsafety.com
Perfect Fit Glove Co, LLC 85 Innsbruck Dr. Buffalo, NY 14227 USA Phone: (800) 245-6837 Fax: (716) 668-3224 Toll-Free: (800) 245-6837 Website: http://www.perfectfitglove.com Email: perfectfitglove@perfectfitglove.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

Local exhaust ventilation and dilution should be instituted in areas where point source emissions of tert-butyl alcohol exist (HSDB , 2002).

Emergency showers and an eyewash station should be installed in work areas where tert-butyl alcohol is used (Pohanish, 2002).

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
tert-Butyl alcohol is a flammable liquid and presents a dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Flames may flash back along vapor trail (CHRIS , 2002; Lewis, 2000; Lewis, 2001).
Nonimpervious clothing contaminated with tert-butyl alcohol should be removed and replaced to avoid flammablility hazard (NIOSH , 2002; Pohanish, 2002).
tert-Butyl alcohol will ignite on contact with sodium-potassium alloys (Lewis, 2000; Urben, 1999).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS75-65-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: tert-Butyl Alcohol
Flammability Rating: 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

INITIATING OR CONTRIBUTING PROPERTIES

tert-Butyl alcohol has a flash point of 11 degrees C (52 degrees F) (NFPA, 2002a) NTP, 2001; (Pohanish, 2002; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
tert-Butyl alcohol may accumulate static electric charges, resulting in ignition of its vapors (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
Contact with strong mineral acids can cause tert-butyl alcohol to decompose, producing flammable isobutylene gas (HSDB , 2002).
When tert-butyl alcohol is mixed with water, an irritating, flammable vapor is produced (CHRIS , 2002).

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane or nitroethane.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use straight streams.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS75-65-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: tert-Butyl Alcohol
Extinguishing Method(s): 1, 5

1: "Water may be ineffective" applies to a situation where materials with a flash point below 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C) are burning. Water will only be effective if used by experienced fire fighters under favorable conditions. Even though water may not put the fire out, it can be used to protect equipment and structures.
5: Flammable liquid fires can be extinguished using carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, and vaporizing liquid extinguishers, as long as the fires are small to moderate in size and the flammable liquid reservoir is shallow. Use of foam to form a blanket over a flammable liquid is not effective when the liquid is water-soluble. Certain alcohol resistant foams are effective extinguishing agents for polar, non-polar, and water-soluble liquid fires. These foams are preferred for fighting flammable liquid fires except those that involve water reactive flammable liquids.

Alcohol foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical extinguishers should be used on fires involving butyl alcohols. Do not extinguish fire unless the flow of material can be stopped without endangering personnel. Solid streams of water may be ineffective on the fire itself, but can be used to cool affected containers and knock down vapors. Personnel should stay upwind and apply water from as far a distance as possible (AAR, 2000; (CHRIS , 2002; Pohanish, 2002).

Water may be ineffective in fighting fires involving tert-butyl alcohol due to its low flash point (CHRIS , 2002; Pohanish, 2002).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Toxic gases, including isobutylene and carbon monoxide, may be released when tert-butyl alcohol is heated to decomposition (ACGIH, 1991).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

tert-Butyl alcohol vapor is moderately explosive when exposed to flame (Lewis, 2000).

Its vapor may form explosive mixtures with air, and may explode if ignited in an enclosed area (CHRIS , 2002; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Addition of tert-butyl alcohol to a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid to produce di-tertiary-butyl peroxide has resulted in violent explosions (NFPA, 2002a).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

tert-Butyl alcohol is toxic by inhalation, acting as a narcotic (CHRIS , 2002) NTP, 2001). Exposure to elevated concentrations of its vapor may cause dizziness, headache, nausea, fatigue, difficulty breathing, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat in humans (ACGIH, 1991; Bingham et al, 2001; CHRIS , 2002) NTP, 2001).

Toxic gases, including isobutylene and carbon monoxide, may be released when tert-butyl alcohol is heated to decomposition (ACGIH, 1991).

When tert-butyl alcohol is mixed with water, an irritating, flammable vapor is produced (CHRIS , 2002).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

tert-Butyl alcohol is incompatible with strong acids, including mineral acids, strong oxidizers, aliphatic amines, isocyanates, alkali metals (ie, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium), strong hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen peroxide (NIOSH , 2002; Lewis, 2000; Pohanish & Greene, 1997). Violent reactions may occur on contact with hydrogen peroxide (NTP, 2001).

It will ignite on contact with sodium-potassium alloys (Lewis, 2000; Urben, 1999).

tert-Butyl alcohol will attack many plastics and some coatings (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Contact with strong mineral acids can cause tert-butyl alcohol to decompose, producing flammable isobutylene gas (ACGIH, 1991; HSDB , 2002).

The reaction of tert-butyl alcohol and hydrochloric acid results in the formation of the volitile tert-butyl chloride liquid (ACGIH, 1991).

tert-Butyl alcohol vapor is moderately explosive when exposed to flame (Lewis, 2000).

It is stable under normal laboratory conditions; however, heat will contribute to the instability of tert-butyl alcohol (HSDB , 2002) NTP, 2001).

Toxic gases, including isobutylene and carbon monoxide, may be released when tert-butyl alcohol is heated to decomposition (ACGIH, 1991).

When tert-butyl alcohol is mixed with water, an irritating, flammable vapor is produced (CHRIS , 2002).

Addition of tert-butyl alcohol to a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid to produce di-tertiary-butyl peroxide has resulted in violent explosions (NFPA, 2002a).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

Immediately evacuate contaminated areas (NTP, 2001).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS75-65-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS75-65-0 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Tert-butyl alcohol (tert-Butanol)
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 100
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 150
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 1500
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 1600
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS75-65-0 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS75-65-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 1600 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
Restrict access to the area of spill. Remove all sources of ignition, and ventilate area of spill (CHRIS , 2002; HSDB , 2002).
Avoid contact with the spilled tert-butyl alcohol and its vapors. Remain upwind of spill. Dilute liquid and disperse vapors (CHRIS , 2002).
Water spray may be used to to knock down vapors; however, water intakes should be protected from runoff (CHRIS , 2002).
If a butyl alcohol is not on fire, keep all sources of ignition away. An attempt should be made to stop the leak if it can be done without undue hazard to personnel. Prevent the material from entering water sources and sewers by constructing dikes to contain the flow. Water spray may be used to disperse vapors and dilute liquid pools (AAR, 2000).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Small spills may be absorbed on paper towels, evaporated in a fume hood, and then incinerated away from other combustibles (HSDB , 2002).
Wash contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution (NTP, 2001).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Activated charcoal may be employed to treat wastewater contaminated with tert-butyl alcohol (HSDB , 2002).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

tert-Butyl alcohol may be disposed of through controlled incineration in a suitable combustion chamber (CHRIS , 2002; HSDB , 2002) NTP, 2001; (Pohanish, 2002).
It may also be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or other absorbent and disposed of in a secured sanitary landfill (HSDB , 2002; Pohanish, 2002).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

tert-Butyl alcohol may be released to the environment during its production and use in manufacturing processes, as a component of solvents, paint removers, flavors and perfumes, as an octane booster in gasoline, a denaturant for alcohol, and as a dehydrating agent (HSDB , 2002).

tert-Butyl alcohol is also thought to enter the environment as a degradation product ot methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE); it has been detected in MTBE-contaminated wells (HSDB , 2002).

It may be released to the environment through the manufacture of methyl methacrylate (HSDB , 2002).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

Due to its vapor pressure of 40.7 mmHg at 25 degrees C, tert-butyl alcohol will exist almost entirely in the vapor phase in the atmosphere, where it will undergo degradation by photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (HSDB , 2002).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Volatilization and biodegradation are expected to be important fate processes for tert-butyl alcohol released to water, while hydrolysis is not. It is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids in water, based on its estimated Koc value of 37 (HSDB , 2002).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- tert-Butyl alcohol is expected to be very mobile is soil and leach to groundwater, based on the estimated Koc value of 37. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces and biodegradation are expected to occur. Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is also a possiblity (HSDB , 2002).

OTHER

OTHER
- AIR:
- WATER:
- SOIL:

BIODEGRADATION

Biodegradation of tert-butyl alcohol is an expected fate process, though it occurs at a slower rate than for primary or secondary alcohols (HSDB , 2002).

The biodegradation half-life of tert-butyl alcohol in an aqueous environment under aerobic conditions is estimated to range from 677 hours (4 weeks) to 4320 hours (6 months). Under anaerobic conditions, the half-life is estimated to be considerably longer, ranging from 2400 hours (100 days) to 12000 hours (500 days) (Howard et al, 1991).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

A bioconcentration factor of <5 was reported for carp exposed to 6 mcg/L of tert-butyl alcohol over a 6 week incubation period. Based on this result, bioconcentration of tert-butyl alcohol in aquatic organisms is not expected to be significant (HSDB , 2002).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

ECOTOXICITY VALUES (HSDB , 2002):

LD100 (WATER) - Semolitus atromaculatus (creek chub): 6000 mg/L for 24H in Detroit river water, conditions of bioassay not specified.
LC50 (WATER) Poecilia reticulata (guppy): 3550 ppm for 7D, conditions of bioassay not specified.

The effect of low concentrations of tert-butyl alcohol on aquatic life is unknown (CHRIS , 2002).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

74.12

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

t-Butyl alcohol exists as a colorless oily liquid, with a camphor-like odor. It will form colorless, hygroscopic rhombic prisms or plates at temperatures below 25 degrees C. It is often used in aqueous solutions (ACGIH, 1991; Bingham et al, 2001; CHRIS , 2002; HSDB , 2002; Lewis, 2000).

No information found at the time of this review.

VAPOR PRESSURE

40 mmHg (at 24.5 degrees C) (Lewis, 2000)

40.7 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002)

42 mmHg (at 25 degrees C; 77 degrees F) (Bingham et al, 2001; ILO , 1998; NIOSH , 2002) NTP, 2001)

31 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991) NTP, 2001)

56 mmHg (at 30 degrees C) (NTP, 2001)

4.1 kPa (at 20 degrees C) ((ICSC, 1998))

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
0.78086 (at 25 degrees C/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 2001) NTP, 2001)
0.78080 (at 25 degrees C/4 degrees C) (calculated) (Budavari, 2001)
0.7030 (at 25 degrees C/25 degrees C) (NTP, 2001)

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

0.779 (at 26 degrees C) (Lewis, 2001)
0.78581 (at 20 degrees C/4 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991; Budavari, 2001)
0.7887 (at 20 degrees C/4 degrees C) (Lewis, 1994) NTP, 2001)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

0.7887 (ILO , 1998)
0.787 (Bingham et al, 2001)
0.781 (at 25 degrees C/4 degrees C) (Lewis, 2000)
0.79 (NIOSH , 2002)
0.8 ((ICSC, 1998))

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

0.7887 g/cm(3) (at 20 degrees C/4 degrees C) (Lewis, 1994)
0.779 g/mL (at 26 degrees C) (liquid) (Lewis, 2001)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

0.79 g/mL (NTP, 2001)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

78 degrees F (CHRIS , 2002; NIOSH , 2002)
24 degrees C (Ashford, 2001)
25.7 degrees C; 78.3 degrees F; 298.9 K (CHRIS , 2002)
25.5 degrees C (Lewis, 2001)

MELTING POINT

25 degrees C ((ICSC, 1998))
25.3 degrees C (Lewis, 1994)
25.4 degrees C (ILO , 1998)
25.5 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991) NTP, 2001)
25.6 degrees C (Bingham et al, 2001; Budavari, 2001)
25.7 degrees C (Budavari, 2001)

BOILING POINT

82 degrees C; 180 degrees F (Bingham et al, 2001; NIOSH , 2002)

82.2 degrees C (at 760 mmHg) (NTP, 2001)

82.4 degrees C (ILO , 1998)

82.8 degrees C (Lewis, 2000)

82.9 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991; Lewis, 2001)

82.41 degrees C (at 99.69% purity) (Budavari, 2001)

82.6 degrees C; 181 degrees F; 355.8 K (CHRIS , 2002)

82 - 83 degrees C (Pohanish, 2002)

81 - 83 degrees C (Ashford, 2001)

83 degrees C; 181 degrees F ((ICSC, 1998); NFPA, 2002a)

FLASH POINT

11 degrees C ((ICSC, 1998); NFPA, 2002a) NTP, 2001; (Pohanish, 2002; Pohanish & Greene, 1997)

11.38 degrees C (closed cup) (ACGIH, 1991)

52 degrees F; 11.1 degrees C (closed cup) (Budavari, 2001; CHRIS , 2002; Lewis, 2001; NIOSH , 2002; Pohanish & Greene, 1997)

61 degrees F (open cup) (CHRIS , 2002)

50 degrees F (closed cup) (Lewis, 2000)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

470 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991; (ICSC, 1998))

478 degrees C (NFPA, 2002a)

892 degrees F; ~477 degrees C (HSDB , 2002; Lewis, 2001) NTP, 2001)

890 degrees C (in oxygen) (HSDB , 2002)

896 degrees F (CHRIS , 2002; Lewis, 2000)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

2.35% (ACGIH, 1991; CHRIS , 2002; HSDB , 2002)
2.35% (at 25 degrees C) (ILO , 1998)
2.4% (Bingham et al, 2001; (ICSC, 1998); Lewis, 2000; NIOSH , 2002; NFPA, 2002a) NTP, 2001; (Pohanish, 2002)

UPPER

8.0% (ACGIH, 1991; Bingham et al, 2001; CHRIS , 2002; HSDB , 2002; (ICSC, 1998); Lewis, 2000; NFPA, 2002a; NIOSH , 2002) NTP, 2001; (Pohanish, 2002)
8% (at 55 degrees C) (ILO , 1998)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

tert-Butyl alcohol is soluble in water (ACGIH, 1991; Ashford, 2001; Budavari, 2001; (ICSC, 1998); NFPA, 2002a).
1 x 10(6) mg/L (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002)
Miscible (at 25 degrees C, 760 mmHg) (Bingham et al, 2001)
Miscible (ILO , 1998; Lewis, 2000; Lewis, 2001)
>= 100 mg/mL (at 21 degrees C) (NTP, 2001)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

It is miscible with alcohol, ether, esters, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons (ACGIH, 1991; Budavari, 2001; HSDB , 2002).
Miscible with most organic solvents (Ashford, 2001)
DMSO: >= 100 mg/mL (at 21 degrees C) (NTP, 2001)
ETHANOL (95%): >= 100 mg/mL (at 21 degrees C) (NTP, 2001)
ACETONE: >= 100 mg/mL (at 21 degrees C) (NTP, 2001)
Very soluble in ether (NTP, 2001)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = 0.35 (HSDB , 2002)

log Pow = 0.4 ((ICSC, 1998))

log Poct = 0.37 (NTP, 2001)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

1.175 X 10(-5) atm-m(3)/mol (HSDB , 1996)

9.05 X 10(-6) atm-m(3)/mole (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

CRITICAL PRESSURE

576 psia; 39.2 atm; 3.97 MN/m (at 25 degrees F) (CHRIS , 2002)

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

451 degrees F; 233 degrees C; 506 K (CHRIS , 2002)

HEAT OF FUSION

21.88 cal/g (CHRIS , 2002)

IONIZATION POTENTIAL

9.70 eV (NIOSH , 2002)

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TERT-BUTYL ALCOHOL

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents