TANTALUM

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

MOLECULAR FORMULA

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

135-SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(RTECS , 1999; Sittig, 1991)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Tantalum is utilized in electrolytic capacitors as well as in rectifiers, semiconductors, and vacuum furnace parts. It is often used to replace platinum in dental and surgical instruments, apparatuses, and implants. Additionally, tantalum is used in high-speed tools, chemical handling equipment, pen points, thin-film components, analytical weights, and is a component of a number of industrially important alloys (ACGIH, 1991; Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 1993).

FORMS

This compound is commercially available as: 95%+ pure powder, foil, rods, sheets, tubing, wire, ultra pure, and single crystal (Ashford, 1994; Lewis, 1993).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

At the time of this review, few toxicological data were available about tantalum or its compounds. Years of industrial use have failed to produce any systemic biological effects from occupational exposure. Presumably, tantalum or tantalum oxide dust would be irritating to the eyes, nose, and respiratory tract from mechanical action.

Intratracheal administration of 100 mg of tantalum oxide to guinea pigs produced transient bronchitis, interstitial pneumonitis, and hyperemia; it was not fibrogenic. Slight residual sequelae included focal hypertrophic emphysema, organizing pneumonitis around metallic deposits, and slight epithelial hyperplasia in the bronchi and bronchioles.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)

Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Inhalation of decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

At the time of this review, few toxicological data were available about tantalum or its compounds. The metal and its oxide are typically regarded as being biologically inert. The metal powder is deliberately introduced into the respiratory tract as a contrast agent for medical X-rays (Clayton & Clayton, 1982). In a controlled study in human volunteers, there were no adverse effects from inhalation of the metal powder (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).

Its long use in surgery has generally shown that the metal is biologically inert (Clayton & Clayton, 1982). The oxide is also essentially nontoxic, with an acute oral LD50 in rats greater than 8000 mg/kg (Clayton & Clayton, 1982). In experimental animals, inhalation of the oxide produced a transient inflammatory response in the lungs (NIOSH/OSHA, 1982); the pure carbide was not fibrogenic (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).

Presumably, tantalum or tantalum oxide dust would be irritating to the eyes, nose, and respiratory tract from mechanical action.

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Years of industrial use of tantalum have failed to produce any systemic biological effects from occupational exposure (Lewis, 1994). One Russian occupational study reported chronic rhinitis and early signs of pulmonary fibrosis, but it was not clear if exposures may also have occurred to other fibrogenic and irritant agents (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).

Urticaria has been reported in 2 patients following implantation of tantalum-containing surgical devices; resolution occurred after removal of the devices. A positive patch test to tantalum chloride was present in one case (Romaguera & Vilaplana, 1995). No patch testing was performed in the other case (King et al, 1993).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, and respiratory system (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).

GENERAL

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7440-25-7 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Tantalum (metal and oxide dust, as Ta)
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS7440-25-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: Lewis, 1996
- TDLo- (IMPLANT)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS7440-25-7 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS7440-25-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS7440-25-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Tantalum (metal and oxide dust, as Ta)
REL:

TWA: 5 mg/m(3)
STEL: 10 mg/m(3)
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 2500 mg Ta/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS7440-25-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Tantalum, metal and oxide dust
Table Z-1 for Tantalum, metal and oxide dust:

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 5

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS7440-25-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS7440-25-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS7440-25-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS7440-25-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS7440-25-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS7440-25-7 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS7440-25-7 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS7440-25-7 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Tantalum

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS7440-25-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Keep tantalum separated from strong oxidizers (NIOSH , 1999; Sittig, 1991).
When in powdered form, keep tantalum well removed from any potential ignition source (Lewis, 1996; NFPA, 1994; Urben, 1995).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

NIOSH (1999) makes no specific recommendations pertaining to personal protective equipment nor the necessity to change clothing at the end of a work shift.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 7440-25-7.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

In most industrial settings, general ventilation can maintain ambient tantalum levels below the TLV (HSDB , 1999).

Sparks, arcs, and open flames need to be precluded from the any area where powdered tantalum is utilized (HSDB , 1999).

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)
- Flammable/combustible material.
- May ignite on contact with air or moisture.
- May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect.
- Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water.
- Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
- Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
Tantalum metal is a combustible solid. In large forms it is very unreactive; meaning, it possesses a small potential for fire hazard, except under conditions of extremely high heat. However, dry tantalum powder can spontaneously ignite in air (Lewis, 1996; NFPA, 1994; NIOSH , 1999; Urben, 1995).
- "Finely divided metal powders develop pyrophoricity when a critical specific surface area is exceeded; this is ascribed to high heat of oxide formation on exposure to air." (Urben, 1995)
- The commercially available powder is not pyrophoric (HSDB , 1999).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS7440-25-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)

DO NOT USE WATER, CO2 OR FOAM ON MATERIAL ITSELF.
Some of these materials may react violently with water.
EXCEPTION: For Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite) UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, USE FLOODING AMOUNTS OF WATER for SMALL AND LARGE fires to stop the reaction. Smothering will not work for these materials, they do not need air to burn.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or DRY sand, EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)

DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, or withdraw from area and let fire burn.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers or in contact with substance.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS7440-25-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

The available literature does not offer specific advice on fighting fires involving tantalum. Observe all precautions for fighting fires involving powdered metals (ie, do NOT use water to extinguish; the following can be utilized: dolomite, powdered graphite, sodium chloride) (HSDB , 1999).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Tantalum powder can reasonably be considered an explosion hazard. Minimum Explosive Concentration (for the powder): < 200 g/m(3) (NIOSH, 1998).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

See the EXPLOSION HAZARD Section for full information.

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Tantalum is extremely resistant to chemical attack. The reason for this is a film of tantalum oxide which forms on the metal. It is resistant to air and water corrosion as well as attack by aqueous alkalis, most acids, sulfur dioxide, and chlorine solutions. Tantalum is attacked by hydrofluoric acid and hot, fuming sulfuric acid (oleum). Fused alkalies will attack this compound slowly (ACGIH, 1991; Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 1993; Lewis, 1996).

Tantalum is incompatible with strong oxidizers (NIOSH , 1999; Sittig, 1991).

It reacts vigorously with bromine trifluoride and fluorine (Lewis, 1996; NFPA, 1994; NIOSH , 1999; Urben, 1995).
Upon heating, this compound reacts with chlorine, fluorine, and oxygen (Budavari, 1996; Urben, 1995).
Bromine gas attacks tantalum at 3000 degrees C. Tantalum is inert to iodine until red hot (HSDB , 1999).

Incompatible with lead chromate (Lewis, 1996; Urben, 1995)

Not hazard information, but interesting (Budavari, 1996).

Tantalum can combine with carbon or nitrogen.
At high temperatures, tantalum absorbs several hundred times its volume of hydrogen.

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions for solids.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135(ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Stay upwind.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS7440-25-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS7440-25-7 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Tantalum
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 5
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 10
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 200
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 500
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS7440-25-7 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS7440-25-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 2500 mg Ta/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)
- Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leak with no fire.
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 135 (ERG, 2004)
- EXCEPTION: For spills of Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite), UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, dissolve in 5 parts water and collect for proper disposal.
- Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand, or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Although tantalum may disposed of in a sanitary landfill, its economic value makes it a likely candidate for recovery. It is possible to extract tantalum from spent catalysts (Sittig, 1991).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Tantalum's industrial use and production will account for the majority of its presence in the environment. Natural sources of tantalum include the minerals tantalite, columbite, microlite, and euxenite (Budavari, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

No information found at the time of this review.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

No information found at the time of this review.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

180.95

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Tantalum is a hard yet malleable and ductile, heavy, gray metal (Ashford, 1994; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 1996).

Tantalum is an odorless, black powder; when solid and unpolished, it is steel-blue to gray; when polished, it will appear as platinum-white metal bars or sheets (ACGIH, 1991; Lewis, 1993).

Tantalum is a refractory metal with the atomic number 73 in group VB of the periodic table. It possesses two naturally occurring isotopes, 181 (99.9877%) and 180 (0.0123%), as well as a number of artificial radioactive isotopes: 172-179 and 182-186 (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1993; Sittig, 1991).

Not Applicable

VAPOR PRESSURE

approximately 0 mmHg (NIOSH , 1999)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

METAL: 16.65 (NIOSH , 1999)
METAL: 16.6 (ACGIH, 1991; Clayton & Clayton, 1994)
POWDER: 14.5 (ACGIH, 1991)
POWDER: 14.40 (NIOSH , 1999)
POWDER: 14.491 (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 1993)

DENSITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

SOLID: 16.7 kg/L (Ashford, 1994)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

5425 degrees F (NIOSH , 1999)

MELTING POINT

2996 degrees C (Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 1996)

BOILING POINT

5429 degrees C (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996)

5425 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991; Lewis, 1993)

5425 degrees C (plus or minus 100 degrees C) (HSDB , 1999)

9797 degrees F (NIOSH , 1999)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

Minimum Explosive Concentration (for the powder): < 200 g/m(3) (NIOSH , 1999)

UPPER

Unknown

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Insoluble in water (Budavari, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 1996)

OTHER

Insoluble in acids, except hydrofluoric and fuming sulfuric (oleum) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 1993)
Soluble in hydrofluoric acid and fused alkalies (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 1993)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

odorless (NIOSH , 1999)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

2.05 (Lewis, 1993)

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TANTALUM

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents