SODIUM SELENITE

Sodium selenite is a nonflammable, water-soluble selenium salt used as an alkaloidal chemical reagent, a reagent in bacteriology, for removing green color during glass manufacture, in decorating porcelain, as a livestock feed additive, and for testing seed germination.

Sodium selenite is a colorless to white tetragonal, prismatic crystalline solid material.

Elemental selenium has a relatively low order of toxicity; indeed, selenium is an ESSENTIAL TRACE METAL, and CHRONIC DEFICIENCY can lead to fatal cardiomyopathies. Industrial workers exposed for up to 26 years had a normal death pattern. All selenium salts can produce toxicity by ingestion, inhalation, and percutaneous absorption, although specific information on dermal absorption of sodium selenite was not found.

Chronic selenium poisoning resembles chronic arsenic poisoning. Nausea, vomiting, white streaks of the nails, pallor, upper respiratory irritation, paronychiae, loss of hair, skin rashes, irritability, fatigue, hyperreflexia, a garlic odor on the breath, and a metallic taste in the mouth may be noted with chronic selenium exposure.

Screening laboratory values such as complete blood counts and liver and renal function tests are usually within normal limits. Liver and renal lesions have been seen in experimental animals.

Acute poisonings with selenium metal and its salts are rare. SELENITE toxicity may include facial flushing, a lightheaded sensation, and muscle tenderness and tremors.

Inhalation of selenium dusts can cause headache, cough, nasal discharge, upper respiratory tract irritation, epistaxis, and olfactory fatigue. Transient dyspnea has been seen.
Severe eye irritation may be seen with selenium dust exposure.

While chronic occupational selenium exposure has not been reported to result in disabling disease, paralysis and hemiplegia were noted in an endemic outbreak of dietary hyperselenosis in China.

Anemia and marked hepatic necrosis, hemorrhage, and cirrhosis were found in experimental animals fed 5 to 15 ppm of selenium chronically in the diet. These effects have not been reported in exposed humans.

Sodium selenite releases toxic and irritating fumes of selenium and sodium oxide when heated to decomposition.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

INHALATION EXPOSURE -

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
Any patient who is symptomatic following exposure to this agent should be observed in a controlled setting until all signs and symptoms have fully resolved; administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.
Initial respiratory tract irritation may appear to improve, but can then worsen between 2 and 12 hours after exposure. Severe chemical pneumonitis may then develop over the following one to three days.
Patients with inhalation exposure should be treated with supplemental oxygen as soon as possible and should have a prolonged period of observation in a controlled setting with careful monitoring for the development of chemical pneumonitis.

Early administration of supplemental oxygen seemed to mitigate the degree of chemical pneumonitis that developed in one incident.

If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.
If coma and respiratory depression occur, ensure airway patency and adequacy of respirations and oxygenation.

Endotracheal intubation, administration of supplemental oxygen, and assisted ventilation may be required.

In general, chelation or antagonist therapy with available agents has not been recommended in cases of poisoning with selenium compounds.
An in-vitro study showed that hemoperfusion might have only a "moderate effect" on selenium blood levels in selenious acid poisoning. This procedure has not been utilized in human poisoning cases and cannot be recommended at this time. No mention of early exchange transfusion for the treatment of selenious acid poisoning has been made in the literature.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.
Wash exposed skin with water and treat with sodium thiosulfate solution.
Treatment should include recommendations listed in the INHALATION EXPOSURE section when appropriate.

EYE EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
Because of the potential for serious eye irritation following direct contact with this agent, prolonged initial flushing and early ophthalmologic consultation are advisable.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Any patient who is symptomatic following exposure to this agent should be observed in a controlled setting until all signs and symptoms have fully resolved.
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
If coma and respiratory depression occur, ensure airway patency and adequacy of respirations and oxygenation. Endotracheal intubation, administration of supplemental oxygen, and assisted ventilation may be required.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.
In general, chelation or antagonist therapy with available agents has not been recommended in cases of poisoning with selenium compounds.
An in-vitro study showed that hemoperfusion might have only a "moderate effect" on selenium blood levels in selenious acid poisoning. This procedure has not been utilized in human poisoning cases and cannot be recommended at this time. No mention of early exchange transfusion for the treatment of selenious acid poisoning has been made in the literature.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

ANIMAL DATA

Anemia and marked hepatic necrosis, hemorrhage, and cirrhosis were found in experimental animals fed 5 to 15 ppm of selenium chronically in the diet.
Published Values (RTECS , 1992) -

LDLo (IP) RAT - 5476 mcg/kg
LDLo (IP) RABBIT - 4 mg/kg
LDLo (Subcutaneous) RABBIT - 6 mg/kg
LDLo (IV) RABBIT - 1971 mcg/kg
LDLo (PARENTERAL) RABBIT - 1971 mcg/kg
LDLo (Subcutaneous) DOG - 4 mg/kg
LDLo (ORAL) PIG - 13 mg/kg
LDLo (IV) PIG - 6570 mcg/kg
LDLo (IM) PIG - 2190 mcg/kg
LDLo (ORAL) CATTLE - 9900 mcg/kg
LDLo (ORAL) GOAT, SHEEP - 3300 mcg/kg

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

The insoluble selenium sulfide is less toxic than the highly toxic soluble selenites, selenates, and organic selenium compounds (Henschler & Kirschner, 1969).

Anemia and marked hepatic necrosis, hemorrhage, and cirrhosis were found in experimental animals fed 5 to 15 ppm of selenium chronically in the diet (Proctor et al, 1988).

A report by Yang et al (1983) from the Republic of China described a major outbreak of apparent selenium toxicity. The disease was characterized by the loss of hair and nail, skin lesions on the back of the hands and feet, and outer side of the legs.

In regions of China with the most intense exposure, the residents had symptoms of a toxic polyneuritis. Individual daily selenium intake in the area ranged from 3.2 mg to 6.69 mg (average 4.99 mg), and whole blood levels of selenium ranged from 1.33 mcg/mL to 7.5 mcg/mL (average 3.2 mcg/mL) (Yang et al, 1983).
An average daily intake of 0.1 milligram of selenium was noted for persons who were unaffected (Proctor et al, 1988).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS10102-18-8 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS10102-18-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 1992
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)DOG:
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (ORAL)HORSE:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAMUSCULAR)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS10102-18-8 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS10102-18-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS10102-18-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS10102-18-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS10102-18-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS10102-18-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Sodium selenite
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS10102-18-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS10102-18-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS10102-18-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Sodium Selenite
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 100

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

100/10,000
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): d

d: Revised TPQ based on new or re-evaluated toxicity data, April 22, 1987.

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS10102-18-8 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS10102-18-8 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS10102-18-8 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Selenious acid, disodium salt

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2630 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Selenates or Selenites

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2630
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: IB7, IP1, T6, TP33

IB7: Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, 21H2, 31H1 and 31H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, 21HZ2, 31HZ1 and 31HZ2); Wooden (11C, 11D and 11F). Additional Requirement: Liners of wooden IBCs must be sift-proof.
IP1: IBCs must be packed in closed freight containers or a closed transport vehicle.
T6: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(2).
TP33: The portable tank instruction assigned for this substance applies for granular and powdered solids and for solids which are filled and discharged at temperatures above their melting point which are cooled and transported as a solid mass. Solid substances transported or offered for transport above their melting point are authorized for transportation in portable tanks conforming to the provisions of portable tank instruction T4 for solid substances of packing group III or T7 for solid substances of packing group II, unless a tank with more stringent requirements for minimum shell thickness, maximum allowable working pressure, pressure-relief devices or bottom outlets are assigned in which case the more stringent tank instruction and special provisions shall apply. Filling limits must be in accordance with portable tank special provision TP3. Solids meeting the defnintion of an elevated temperature material must be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 211
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 5 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 50 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: E

E: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but is prohibited from carriage on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2630 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Selenates
UN Number: 2630
Proper Shipping Name: Selenites
UN Number: 2630

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS10102-18-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Sodium selenite is stable is stable during transport (CHRIS , 1992).
Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (AAR, 1987).

STORAGE

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Storage Temperature: Cool (CHRIS , 1992)

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Wear self-contained (positive pressure if available) breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Stay upwind and keep out of low areas (AAR, 1987; (CHRIS , 1992; EPA, 1985; OHM/TADS , 1992).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 10102-18-8.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
Not flammable; may burn but does not ignite readily. (AAR, 1987; (CHRIS , 1992; EPA, 1985; HSDB , 1992).
Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (AAR, 1987; (HSDB , 1992).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS10102-18-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS10102-18-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Sodium selenite emits toxic sodium oxide and selenium dusts when heated to decomposition (EPA, 1985; CHRIS , 1992; HSDB , 1992; Sax & Lewis, 1989).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Sodium selenite is stable (OHM/TADS , 1992).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Inhalation of dust is poisonous; avoid breathing dust or fumes from burning material (AAR, 1987; (CHRIS , 1992; EPA, 1985).

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material (AAR, 1987).

Avoid bodily contact with the material (AAR, 1987).

Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of soap and water (AAR, 1987).
If contact with the material is anticipated, wear the appropriate chemical protective clothing (AAR, 1987).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Sodium selenite is stable in air (Budavari, 1989).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

Isolate hazard area; keep upwind (AAR, 1987).

Avoid bodily contact with solid and dust (AAR, 1987; (CHRIS , 1992).

Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of soap and water (AAR, 1987).
If contact with the material is anticipated, wear the appropriate chemical protective clothing (AAR, 1987).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS10102-18-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS10102-18-8 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Sodium selenite
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.438
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 1.31
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 2.19
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 2.19
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS10102-18-8 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS10102-18-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Do not touch spilled material: Stop leak if no risk is involved (CHRIS , 1992).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Take up with sand or other noncombustible adsorbent and place into container for later disposal: For dry spill place material into clean dry container with clean shovel (EPA, 1985).
Cover material with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water (AAR, 1987).
Collect material in most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers for reclamation or for disposal in a secured landfill (HSDB , 1992).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Dike far ahead of spill for later disposal (EPA, 1985).
Ventilate area of spill (HSDB , 1992).
Notify local health and pollution control agencies (CHRIS , 1992).
Water Spill: Adjust pH to neutral (AAR, 1987; (HSDB , 1992).
Water Spill: If dissolved, apply sodium sulfide to precipitate the metals (AAR, 1987; (HSDB , 1992).
Water Spill: Allow to aerate (AAR, 1987; (HSDB , 1992).
Water Spill: Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates (AAR, 1987; (HSDB , 1992).
Water Spill: Use an anion exchanger, the most efficient removal process. Pre-oxidation of the selenite to selenate is reported to enhance exchange capacity (AAR, 1987; (HSDB , 1992; OHM/TADS , 1992).
Water Spill: Scavenge on alum floc to coagulate/co-precipitate sodium selenite; collection efficiencies up to 50% (AAR, 1987; (HSDB , 1992; OHM/TADS , 1992).
Water Spill: Iron coagulation/co-precipitation is capable of above 80% selenium removal with efficiencies increasing with decreasing pH. Chemical coagulation should be followed by dual media filtration (AAR, 1987; (HSDB , 1992; OHM/TADS , 1992).
Water Spill: Activated carbon adsorption is not effective (AAR, 1987; (HSDB , 1992; OHM/TADS , 1992).
Land Spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain solid or liquid (HSDB , 1992).
Land Spill: Line pits, ponds, soak holes, lagoons, or holding areas with a flexible impermeable membrane liner (HSDB , 1992).
Treatment: Sodium selenite should be removed from soil or water using chemical or physical treatment (CHRIS , 1992).
Treatment: Convert to insoluble form before landfill or solidification (HSDB , 1992; OHM/TADS , 1992).
Treatment: Make a solution strongly acidic with hydrochloric acid. Slowly add sodium sulfite to the cold solution stirring, thus producing sulfur dioxide, the reducer. Upon heating dark grey selenium and black tellurium form. Let stand overnight. Filter and dry (OHM/TADS, 1992.
Treatment: For the particulate form, use sedimentation or filtration (HSDB , 1992).
Treatment: Lime precipitation of soluble selenium has been shown to be ineffective (HSDB , 1992).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Run-off from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution: Keep material out of water sources and sewers (AAR, 1987).

Cover material with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water (AAR, 1987).

May be dangerous if it enters water intakes (CHRIS , 1992).

Notify local health and wildlife officials (CHRIS , 1992).

Issue Warning: WATER CONTAMINATION (CHRIS , 1992).

Water uses threatened: potable supply, recreation, fisheries (OHM/TADS , 1992).

Forms slightly alkaline solution in water (HSDB , 1992).

All the selenium that is discharged industrially per year in Wisconsin (5907 pounds) goes into water (HSDB , 1992).

Traces of selenium (0.0000 to 0.01 ppm are found in community drinking water) (HSDB , 1992).

Sodium selenite pollution hazard in air is considered high (OHM/TADS , 1992).

Selenium content of soil generally is of the order of 1 to 6 ppm, although considerably higher values have been encountered (HSDB , 1992).

The forms of selenium in the soil depend on soil pH and redox. At equilibrium, most soil selenium should be elemental selenium (HSDB , 1992).

Potential exists for accumulation (OHM/TADS , 1992).

800 ppm in marine and fresh water plants (OHM/TADS , 1992).

Selenium has been found in marine fish meals at 2 ppm, a level 50,000 greater than selenium in surrounding sea water (HSDB , 1992).

400 ppm in invertebrates and fish (OHM/TADS , 1992).

Vegetables and fruits generally are low in selenium content (HSDB , 1992).

Selenium content varies in food plants according to the concentration and biological availability of selenium in soil (HSDB , 1992).

Selenium concentrations in plants varies from 0.01 to 10,000 ppm (HSDB , 1992).

Selenium may accumulate to toxic levels in food plants, especially certain species of Astragalus genus (HSDB , 1992).

Selenium accumulates in human tissue (HSDB , 1992).

Humans have been poisoned by eating animals which had ingested seleniferous plants (OHM/TADS , 1992).

The 0.2 ppm selenium content of human blood is 1000 times greater than selenium levels found in surface waters of the planet (HSDB , 1992).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- High sodium levels can disperse in soil (OHM/TADS , 1992).
- Colloids of some loams effectively remove selenite, but do not reduce selenate by more that one half (OHM/TADS , 1992).
- Sodium selenite can persist indefinitely (OHM/TADS , 1992).
- Selenium volatilizes from soils at rates that are modified by temperature, moisture, time, season or year, concentration of water soluble selenium, and microbiological activity (HSDB , 1992).
- Certain microorganisms can reduce selenite to elemental selenium which, in turn, is oxidized to selenite by the action of Bacillus sp (HSDB , 1992).
- Selenite is reduced rapidly to elemental selenium under acid conditions by mild reducing agents such as ascorbic acid (HSDB , 1992).
- Selenite likely will form either insoluble compounds with ferric oxide or be reduced to insoluble elemental selenium, both which will minimize the pollution hazard (HSDB , 1992).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

Harmful to aquatic life (CHRIS , 1992).

LC50/TOXIC (CHRIS , 1992; OHM/TADS , 1992):

SPECIES PPM HOURS EFFECT
GOLDFISH 10 98 TO 144 TOXIC
FATHEAD MINNOW 10 TO 100 96 LC50
DAPHNIA MAGNA 0.9 TO 1.0 96 LC50

SOILS

Soil should not contain more than 1.8 ppm selenium in the soil solution to prevent crop damage (OHM/TADS , 1992).
Selenium content in the top 12 inches of soil should not exceed 4 ppm if livestock feed on plants in the area (OHM/TADS , 1992).

Livestock toxicity: 0.2 ppm (OHM/TADS , 1992)

Effect on water treatment process: 500 ppm inhibitory to unacclimated sewage organisms (OHM/TADS , 1992).

A laboratory vermicomposting system was used to study the lethal and sublethal concentration effects of sodium selenite on manure worms (Eisenia fetida). The manure worms tolerated, without lethal effects, 50 mg/kg sodium selenite in the wet substratum. The maximum accumulation at sublethal concentrations was 337 mg/kg dry mass for Se (Fisher & Koszorus, 1992).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

ANHYDROUS: 172.95 (Budavari, 1989; CHRIS , 1992)

PENTAHYDRATE: 263.01 (CHRIS , 1992)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Sodium selenite is a colorless to white/pink tetragonal, prismatic crystalline solid (CHRIS , 1992; EPA, 1985).

No information found at the time of this review.

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

710 degrees C; 1310 degrees F (HSDB , 1992)

BOILING POINT

decomposes (at 1 atm) (CHRIS , 1992)

FLASH POINT

Nonflammable (CHRIS , 1992)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

Nonflammable (CHRIS , 1992)

UPPER

Nonflammable (CHRIS , 1992)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Sodium selenite is freely soluble in water (85 g/100 g water) (Budavari, 1989; HSDB , 1992).
Soluble in water to form a slightly alkaline solution/pentahydrate (EPA, 1985).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

It is insoluble in alcohol (Budavari, 1989).

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Bromine Chloride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007d. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648039732a&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Bromoacetone (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008e. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064809187bf&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Carbonyl Sulfide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007e. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648037ff26&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Chlorobenzene (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008c. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064803a52bb&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

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Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents