SELENIUM OXYCHLORIDE

Selenium oxychloride is used as a solvent for numerous substances, including metals, as a chlorinating agent, and as a plasticizer for resins (Budavari, 1989; Clayton & Clayton, 1981; EPA, 1985; HSDB , 1990).

FORMS

Selenium oxychloride is a nearly colorless or yellowish CORROSIVE liquid which fumes on exposure to air (HSDB, 1993; (Budavari, 1989; EPA, 1985). It is miscible with chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, toluene, and carbon disulfide (HSDB, 1993). It decomposes in water to form HYDROCHLORIC ACID and SELENIOUS ACID (HSDB, 1993; (Budavari, 1989; EPA, 1985; Sax & Lewis, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1987) AAR, 1987; NIOSH, 1990; (ACGIH, 1986; Finkel, 1983).
The toxicity of selenium oxychloride is predicted to be similar to that of SELENIOUS ACID (EPA, 1985). This review is based on the properties of selenious acid. Effects attributed specifically to selenium oxychloride are identified.

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Selenious oxychloride dissociates into HYDROCHLORIC ACID and SELENIOUS ACID on contact with moisture. Its systemic toxicity is thus predicted to be similar to that of SELENIOUS ACID, as reflected in the following discussion. Selenious oxychloride may be absorbed following ingestion, inhalation, or dermal contact.

Dermal application has resulted in systemic absorption. Eye contact can result in burns or irritation. Ingestion may result in severe burns of the mouth, esophagus, or gastrointestinal tract.

Tachypnea, fever, initial hypertension followed by hypotension and shock, and tachycardia may be noted. Inhalation exposure may result in eye irritation or corneal burns and upper respiratory tract irritation. Pharyngeal edema, erosions, or burns may be noted in selenious acid ingestion exposure.

Cardiovascular effects may include ECG abnormalities, dysrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, mild hypertension followed by significant hypotension and shock. Selenium oxychloride releases toxic and irritating fumes of chloride and selenium when heated to decomposition. Inhalation exposure to such fumes would be predicted to result in respiratory tract irritation with bronchospasm, chemical pneumonitis, or noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.

CNS depression or coma may occur following selenious acid ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure. Seizures may occur. Restlessness was noted on presentation in a nonfatal case.

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and hematemesis may occur. Esophageal, pharyngeal, and gastrointestinal tract burns and erosions have been noted. Congestion and diffuse swelling of the liver and kidney, tubular injury, and small areas of papillary necrosis have been seen in fatal cases.

Hematologic effects may include metabolic acidosis, thrombocytopenia, and elevated leukocyte counts. Weakness of skeletal muscles, including the diaphragm, may be severe and lead to respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.

Dermal exposures to selenium dioxide (selenium oxide) can produce dermatitis and vesiculation. Precipitation of small amounts of amorphous selenium in the tissues can cause a red staining of the fingers, teeth, and hair. Dermal burns can result from skin contact, and systemic absorption may occur through denuded areas. Necrotizing skin lesions can occur if selenium dioxide gets inside rubber gloves. If this compound penetrates beneath the free edge of the fingernails, excruciating pain may result.

TOMES Plus system users may refer to the ACIDS and SELENIOUS ACID MEDITEXT Medical Management FOR MORE INFORMATION.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death.
Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases.
Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Based on its lowest acute lethal dermal dose of 7 mg/kg in rabbits (RTECS, 1993), selenium oxychloride is a HIGHLY TOXIC substance. For an average-sized human, the calculated fatal dose applied to the skin would be 0.2 mL (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).

Selenium oxychloride is corrosive and a vesicant, and can destroy skin on contact (Budavari, 1989; Clayton & Clayton, 1981) AAR, 1987; (Finkel, 1983; Proctor et al, 1988; ACGIH, 1986).

Dermal application has resulted in systemic absorption (Clayton & Clayton, 1981; Sax & Lewis, 1989). Eye contact can result in burns or irritation depending upon the concentration and duration of exposure (EPA, 1985). Ingestion may result in severe burns of the mouth, esophagus, or gastrointestinal tract (EPA, 1985).

Because the vapor decomposes in air and because of its low vapor pressure, the respiratory irritant potential of selenium oxychloride is less than might be predicted (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).

Symptoms of systemic selenious acid poisoning include a garlic-like odor of the breath, a metallic taste in the mouth, pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, cyanosis, dizziness, fatigue, lassitude, nausea, and vomiting (Budavari, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1987) HSDB, 1993; (Finkel, 1983; Proctor et al, 1988; Buchan, 1947).

Esophageal, pharyngeal, and gastrointestinal tract burns or erosions have been described following ingestion of selenious acid (Koppel et al, 1986; Matoba et al, 1986; Schellmann et al, 1986; Nantel et al, 1985). Patients ingesting selenious acid in gun blueing compounds have developed hypersalivation, a garlic-like odor of the breath, copious vomiting (with or without hematemesis), diarrhea, restlessness, muscle spasms, elevated blood pressure, and tachycardia (Lombeck et al, 1987; Carter, 1966).

Hypotension, secondary to both low peripheral vascular resistance and toxic cardiomyopathy, can occur; resultant shock may be a cause of early death (Matoba et al, 1986; (Normann et al, 1984; Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988; Pentel et al, 1985). Pulmonary edema may be seen (Carter, 1966). Seizures and coma have also been noted following acute ingestion (Koppel et al, 1986).

A peculiar orange-brown discoloration of the skin and viscera has been noted at autopsy in cases of fatal selenious acid ingestion (Koppel et al, 1986). Liver and kidney injury may be noted (Matoba et al, 1986; Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988).

Selenium oxychloride was fatal to rabbits in 24 hours when less than 0.1 milliliter was applied to the skin; systemic absorption was demonstrated (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

A variety of gastrointestinal complaints, nail deformities, dental caries, conjunctivitis, and a garlic-like odor of the breath have been noted in female workers chronically exposed to selenium oxychloride (Alderman & Bergin, 1986).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ACUTE

For an average-sized human, the calculated fatal dose applied to the skin would be 0.2 mL (Clayton & Clayton, 1993).

ANIMAL DATA

Selenium oxychloride was fatal to rabbits in 24 hours when less than 0.1 milliliter was applied to the skin; systemic absorption was demonstrated (Clayton & Clayton, 1993)

CASE REPORTS

INFANT

A 22-month-old child died after ingestion of 20 milliliters of a selenious acid gun blueing solution (Normann et al, 1984).

PEDIATRIC

A three-year-old child who ingested a 1.8 percent selenious acid containing gun blueing solution died approximately one and one-half hours after the ingestion (Carter, 1966). In a similar case, a 22-month-old child died one and one-half hours after ingestion of 20 mL of a gun-blueing compound containing selenious acid (Normann et al, 1984).
Ingestion of 15 milliliters of a 2 percent selenious acid-containing gun blueing compound by a 2-year-old child was fatal, and a 30 to 60 mL ingestion of a similar agent caused death in an adult (Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988).

ADULT

A 17-year-old male died approximately two hours after ingesting an unknown amount of selenium dioxide. The patient presented with asystole and apnea. Findings at autopsy included congestion of lungs and kidneys, diffuse swelling of the heart, brain edema, and orange-brown discoloration of the skin and all viscera (Koppel et al, 1986).
A 17-year-old died after ingestion of approximately 10 grams of selenium dioxide (Koppel et al, 1986).
A 40-year-old woman died after ingestion of nearly 90 milliliters of a 4 percent selenious acid gun blueing solution (Matoba et al, 1986).

OCCUPATIONAL

An adult industrial worker suffered fatal selenious acid poisoning during an explosion (Schellmann et al, 1986). Approximately 450 liters of selenious acid exploded. The patient had dermal burns from the heated material as well as inhalation of fumes and possible ingestion of some of the agent.

Death occurred 90 minutes after exposure, despite the fact that protective clothing was worn and the material was immediately washed off. Hypotension, pulmonary edema, cardiomyopathy, and moderate renal tubular injury were noted during resuscitation attempts and at autopsy. Dermal burns covered less than 10 percent of the total body surface area.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

CASE REPORTS

ADULT

Application of 0.005 milliliter of selenious oxychloride to the skin in a man resulted in a painful, swollen burn which required one month to heal (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).

PEDIATRIC

Ingestion of as much as 2.9 grams of selenium (11 milliliters of a selenious acid gun blueing compound) caused moderately severe symptoms in a 2-year-old child (Lombeck et al, 1987). This child fully recovered with supportive therapy. The lack of esophageal injury on esophagoscopy lead the authors to speculate that only a few drops of the material may actually have been ingested (Lombeck et al, 1987).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7791-23-3 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS7791-23-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

Published Values RTECS, 1999
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RABBIT:
- LDLo- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- TDLo- (SKIN)HUMAN:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS7791-23-3 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS7791-23-3 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS7791-23-3 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS7791-23-3 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS7791-23-3 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS7791-23-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS7791-23-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS7791-23-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS7791-23-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Selenium Oxychloride
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 500

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

500
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS7791-23-3 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS7791-23-3 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS7791-23-3 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Seleninyl chloride

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2879 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Selenium oxychloride

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 8

8: Corrosive material. See 49 CFR section 173.136 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2879
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 8, 6.1

8: Corrosive.
6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: A3, A6, A7, N34, T10, TP2, TP12, TP13

A3: For combination packagings, if glass inner packagings (including ampoules) are used, they must be packed with absorbent material in tightly closed metal receptacles before packing in outer packagings.
A6: For combination packagings, if plastic inner packagings are used, they must be packed in tightly closed metal receptacles before packing in outer packagings.
A7: Steel packagings must be corrosion-resistant or have protection against corrosion.
N34: Aluminum construction materials are not authorized for any part of a packaging which is normally in contact with the hazardous material.
T10: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): 6 mm; Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): sxn. 178.275(g)(3); Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): Prohibited.
TP2: a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and alpha is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius; and b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions a may be calculated using the formula: [alpha = (d15-d50)/(35 x d50)], where d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) and 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), respectively.
TP12: This material is considered highly corrosive to steel.
TP13: Self-contained breathing apparatus must be provided when this hazardous material is transported by sea.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 201
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 0.5 L
Cargo aircraft only: 2.5 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: E

E: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but is prohibited from carriage on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 40

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2879 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Selenium oxychloride
UN Number: 2879

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS7791-23-3 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 7791-23-3.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars etc.).
- Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases.
- Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
- Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS7791-23-3 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

CO2 (except for Cyanides), dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS7791-23-3 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Reacts violently with reducing agents, metal oxides, antimony, cesium, francium, lithium, potassium, sodium, and white phosphorus (Pohanish & Greene, 1997)

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate enclosed areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS7791-23-3 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS7791-23-3 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Selenium oxychloride
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.42
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 1.26
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 10
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 10
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS7791-23-3 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS7791-23-3 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
- Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 157 (ERG, 2004)
- Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand, or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

165.86 (Budavari, 1996)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Nearly colorless or yellowish liquid; corrosive (Budavari, 1996)

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SELENIUM OXYCHLORIDE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents