SELENIOUS ACID

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

MOLECULAR FORMULA

H2-O3-Se

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

151-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(HSDB , 1994; RTECS , 1994)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

GENERAL GUN BLUEING FORMULA (Pentel et al, 1985; Normann et al, 1984; Koppel et al, 1986; Matoba et al, 1986; Carter, 1966; Nantel et al, 1985; Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988):

Selenious acid is used as a component of compounds for gun blueing.
Most of these products contain between 1 and 4% selenious acid or selenium dioxide combined with hydrochloric, phosphoric, or nitric acids and either copper sulfate or copper nitrate 1 to 9%. Methanol 10 to 11% is present in some formulations.
The severe toxicity of these agents has generally been ascribed to the selenious acid or selenium dioxide. Toxicity has been reported following the ingestion of selenium dioxide from a bottle of Glass blue, used for stained glass manufacture (Kise et al, 2004).

Selenious acid is used as a reagent for alkaloids, as an oxidizing agent, and as an isotope for labeling radiopharmaceutical compounds (EPA, 1985).

SOURCES

Selenious acid is prepared by dissolving selenium dioxide in hot water and cooling (Budavari, 1989) or by the action of hot nitric acid on selenium (Lewis, 1993).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

USES: Selenious acid is found in gun blueing, which changes the color of steel from silver-grey to blue-grey. It is also used in the chemical darkening and patination of copper, brass and bronze. Other uses for selenious acid are as a reagent for alkaloids, as an oxidizing agent and as an isotope for labeling radiopharmaceutical compounds.

TOXICOLOGY: The toxicity of selenious acid is thought to be due to inhibition of activity of sulfhydryl-containing enzymes. In addition, it is corrosive, as the pH of several commercial gun blueing solutions containing selenious acid is 1.5. Hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and discoloration of the skin and viscera have been noted in fatal ingestions.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Reports of selenious acid toxicity are fairly rare but can be fatal.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY: Ingestion can cause hypersalivation, garlic odor breath, copious vomiting, diarrhea, restlessness, muscle spasms, hypertension and tachycardia. Inhalation of selenious acid fumes has caused bronchospasm, coughing, gagging and syncope. Tachycardia, tachypnea and mild hypotension may also occur. After acute symptoms subside, secondary symptoms may develop over the next 2 to 12 hours, including chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malaise, headache, fever, cyanosis, respiratory distress, bronchospasm, leukocytosis and a chemical pneumonitis. Dermal exposure to selenious acid can cause a dermatitis and paronychia. Skin contact can cause dermal burns and systemic absorption may occur through denuded areas. Ocular exposures to selenious acid can cause conjunctivitis or corneal burns.
SEVERE TOXICITY: Severe ingestions can cause hematemesis, hypotension, toxic cardiomyopathy, pulmonary edema, seizures and coma. Selenious acid is also corrosive potentially producing esophageal, pharyngeal,and GI tract burns and erosions, as well as liver and kidney injury.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

EMESIS/NOT RECOMMENDED

EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED because of the potential for the rapid development of seizures, coma, and shock with cardiorespiratory arrest following ingestion of selenious acid.
Because small amounts of selenious acid can be fatal and there is no antidote, consider insertion of a small, flexible nasogastric tube to suction gastric contents in recent ingestions.

MUCOSAL DECONTAMINATION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. The exact ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting. Patients should not be forced to drink after ingestion of an acid, nor should they be allowed to drink larger volumes since this may induce vomiting, and thereby re-exposure of the injured tissues to the corrosive acid. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion.

GASTRIC DECONTAMINATION: Ipecac contraindicated. Activated charcoal is not recommended as it may interfere with endoscopy and will not reduce injury to GI mucosa. Consider insertion of a small, flexible nasogastric or orogastric tube to suction gastric contents after recent large ingestion of a strong acid; the risk of further mucosal injury or iatrogenic esophageal perforation must be weighed against potential benefits of removing any remaining acid from the stomach.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

CHARCOAL DOSE

Use a minimum of 240 milliliters of water per 30 grams charcoal (FDA, 1985). Optimum dose not established; usual dose is 25 to 100 grams in adults and adolescents; 25 to 50 grams in children aged 1 to 12 years (or 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram body weight) ; and 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram in infants up to 1 year old (Chyka et al, 2005).

Routine use of a cathartic with activated charcoal is NOT recommended as there is no evidence that cathartics reduce drug absorption and cathartics are known to cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances and occasionally hypotension (None Listed, 2004).

ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS

Complications: emesis, aspiration (Chyka et al, 2005). Aspiration may be complicated by acute respiratory failure, ARDS, bronchiolitis obliterans or chronic lung disease (Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002; Pollack et al, 1981; Harris & Filandrinos, 1993; Elliot et al, 1989; Rau et al, 1988; Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002). Refer to the ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/TREATMENT management for further information.
Contraindications: unprotected airway (increases risk/severity of aspiration) , nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tract, uncontrolled vomiting, and ingestion of most hydrocarbons (Chyka et al, 2005).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Because of the potential for CNS depression, DO NOT induce emesis.
PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

CASE REPORTS

PEDIATRIC

Ingestion of up to 20 mL of a 2% selenious acid-containing gun blueing compound by 3 children (a 2-year-old child and two 22-month-old children) were fatal (Quadrani et al, 2000; Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988; Normann et al, 1984).
In a similar case, a 3-year-old child who ingested a 1.8% selenious acid containing gun blueing solution died approximately 1.5 hours after ingestion (Carter, 1966).

ADULT

A 40-year-old woman died after ingestion of nearly 90 mL of a 4% selenious acid gun blueing solution (Matoba et al, 1986).
A 17-year-old patient died after ingestion of approximately 10 g of selenium dioxide (Koppel et al, 1986).
A 30 to 60 mL ingestion of a 2% selenious acid-containing gun blueing compound caused death in an adult (Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988).

OCCUPATIONAL

An adult industrial worker suffered fatal selenious acid poisoning during an explosion. Approximately 450 L of selenious acid exploded. The patient had dermal burns from the heated material as well as inhalation of fumes and possible ingestion of some of the agent. Death occurred 90 minutes after exposure, despite the fact that protective clothing was worn and the material was immediately washed off. Hypotension, pulmonary edema, cardiomyopathy, and moderate renal tubular injury were noted during resuscitation attempts and at autopsy. Dermal burns covered less than 10% of the total body area (Schellmann et al, 1986).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

CASE REPORTS

PEDIATRIC

Ingestion of as much as 2.9 g of selenium (11 mL of a selenious acid gun blueing compound) caused moderately severe symptoms in a 2-year-old child. This child fully recovered with supportive therapy. The lack of esophageal injury on esophagoscopy lead the authors to speculate that only a few drops of the material may actually have been ingested (Lombeck et al, 1987).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7783-00-8 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): D ; Listed as: Selenious acid

D : Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.

IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS7783-00-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD: 5x10(-3) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS7783-00-8 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS7783-00-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS7783-00-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS7783-00-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS7783-00-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS7783-00-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Selenious acid
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

10 (4.54)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS7783-00-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS7783-00-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: Selenious acid
P or U series number: U204
Footnote:
Listed as: Selenium dioxide
P or U series number: U204
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS7783-00-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Selenious Acid
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 10

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

1000/10,000
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS7783-00-8 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS7783-00-8 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS7783-00-8 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Selenious acid

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS7783-00-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

This material is likely to be used in a mixture of selenium dioxide in an inorganic acid (eg, hydrochloric, phosphoric, or nitric) and sometimes methanol; consider the mixture when selecting protective equipment (Mansdorf SZ, 1996).

This material is toxic by skin absorption - protective clothing should worn! Contact the material supplier for protective equipment recommendations (Mansdorf SZ, 1996).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 7783-00-8.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS7783-00-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS7783-00-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, it emits toxic fumes of selenium (Lewis, 1992).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Selenium dioxide is incompatible with phosphorus trichloride (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

Toxic selenium fumes are released when selenium dioxide is heated to decomposition (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

Selenious acid gives off water upon heating and selenium oxide sublimes (Budavari, 1989).

Selenious acid is oxidized to selenic acid by strong oxidizing agents such as ozone, hydrogen dioxide, or chlorine (Budavari, 1989).

Selenious acid is reduced to selenium by most reducing agents including hydriodic acid, sulfurous acid, sodium hyposulfite, hydrosylamine salts, hydrazine salts, hypophosphorous acid, and phosphorous acid (Budavari, 1989).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS7783-00-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS7783-00-8 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Selenious acid
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.327
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 0.98
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 250
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 250
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS7783-00-8 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS7783-00-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL: At the time of this review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices (HSDB , 1994).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Air: Selenious acid is released during fossil fuel combustion and may form a potential inhalation hazard (HSDB , 1994).

Water: The following information is for SELENIUM in general. The selenium content of surface water is greatly influenced by pH; it is high in acidic surface water (pH less than 3.0), and in alkaline water (pH greater than 7.5) (HSDB , 1994).

Soil: The following information is for SELENIUM in general. The selenium content of the soil is generally of the order of 1 to 6 ppm, although considerably higher values have been encountered. The forms of selenium in soil depend on soil pH and redox. At equilibrium, most soil selenium should be elemental selenium (HSDB , 1994).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- Soil: The following information is for SELENIUM in general. Selenium volatilizes from soils at rates that are modified by temperature, moisture, time, season or year, concentration of water soluble selenium, and microbiological activity. Conversion of inorganic and organic selenium compounds to volatile selenium compounds (such as dimethyl selenide, dimethyl diselenide, and an unknown compound) by microorganisms has been observed in lake sediments of the Sudbury area of Ontario. This conversion may have been effected by pure cultures of Aeromonas, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, or an unidentified fungus, all of which are found in methylated lake sediments. Production of volatile selenium is temperature dependent. Compared with the amount of dimethyl selenium produced at an incubation temperature of 20 deg C, 25% less was produced at 10 deg C and 90% less at 4 deg C (HSDB , 1994).
- Plants: The following information is for SELENIUM in general. Selenium may be taken up by some plants in quantities that render them toxic. The most notorious of the selenium-accumulating plants are certain species of the Astragalus genus. This group of plants can accumulate selenium at concentrations of up to several thousand parts per million. These plants are often referred to as indicator plants because they characteristically grow on soils high in selenium and therefore help identify such soils. The concentration in plants varies over a wide range: 0.01 to 10,000 ppm (HSDB , 1994).

BIOACCUMULATION

HUMANS

The following information is for SELENIUM in general: Selenium accumulates in living tissues. For example, the selenium content of human blood is about 0.2 ppm. This value is about 1000 times greater than the selenium found in surface waters on the planet earth (HSDB , 1994).

FISH

The following information is for SELENIUM in general:
- Selenium has been found in marine fish meal at levels of about 2 ppm. This amount is around 50,000 times greater than the selenium found in seawater (HSDB , 1994).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

No information on the environmental toxicity of selenious acid was found in available references at the time of this review.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

128.98 (Budavari, 1989)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Selenium dioxide or selenium oxide (SeO2) is a white crystalline solid that readily decomposes in water, forming selenious acid (H2SeO3) (Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988; Koppel et al, 1986).

deliquescent, hexagonal prisms (Budavari, 1989)

transparent, colorless crystals (Lewis, 1992)

colorless (Lewis, 1992)

The pH of several commercial gun blueing solutions containing selenious acid or selenium dioxide is 1.5.

VAPOR PRESSURE

SELENIOUS ACID

2 mmHg (at 15 degrees C) (Budavari, 1989)
4.5 mmHg (at 35 degrees C) (Budavari, 1989)
7 mmHg (at 40.3 degrees C) (Budavari, 1989)

SELENIUM DIOXIDE: 1 mmHg (at 157 degrees C) (Sax & Lewis, 1989)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

SELENIOUS ACID: 3.004 (at 15/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 1989)
SELENIUM DIOXIDE: 3.95 (at 15/4 degrees C) (Sax & Lewis, 1989)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

SELENIOUS ACID: 70 degrees C; 158 degrees F (decomposes) (Lewis, 1993)
SELENIUM DIOXIDE: 340-350 degrees C (sublimes) (Sax & Lewis, 1989)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

90 parts selenious acid dissolved in 100 parts water at 0 degrees C and in 400 parts water at 90 degrees C (Budavari, 1989).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Selenious acid is very soluble in alcohol. It is insoluble in ammonia (Budavari, 1989).

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents