RONNEL

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C8-H8-Cl3-O3-P-S
(CH3O)2P(S)OC6H2Cl3

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

151-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(HSDB , 1995; RTECS , 1995)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Ronnel is utilized as an oral and contact insecticide in cattle. Previously, it has also been used as a systemic antiparasitic in humans (ACGIH, 1991; Hathaway, 1991; (Lewis, 1993).

SOURCES

This compound has not been produced in the US since 1979. The US EPA cancelled the registration of all ronnel-containing products (when ronnel is the active ingredient) on January 22, 1991 (HSDB , 1995).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Ronnel is toxic by the ingestion, inhalation, and intraperitoneal routes, and is moderately toxic with dermal exposure.

Patients treated orally with Ronnel reported nausea, weakness, blurred vision, and serpiginous ulcers. In human volunteers, Ronnel was not a skin sensitizer. Nausea, headaches, and irritation of the throat and facial skin have been noted with chronic exposure.
Mild exposure has caused headache, depressed appetite, weakness, dizziness, optical illusions, and miosis. Moderate exposure has caused vomiting, diarrhea, lower limb tremors, muscular cramping, and ataxia. Severe exposure has caused fever, cyanosis, pulmonary edema, areflexia, convulsions, coma, heart block, and shortness of breath.
Ronnel is a weak cholinesterase inhibitor, effecting plasma psuedocholinesterase more than erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. Anticholinesterase effects noted in experimental animals included salivation, tremors, diarrhea, pinpoint pupils, and respiratory distress. It does NOT appear to cause significant cholinergic symptoms in exposed humans.
Ronnel has been reported as an experimental teratogen; human mutation data has been reported.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE: Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles), as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), should be used when working with this chemical. Face shields should only be worn over primary eye protection.

Contact lens use is not recommended when working with this chemical. If contact lenses are worn, then appropriate eye and face protection devices must be used. OSHA emphasizes that dusty and/or chemical environments may represent an additional hazard to contact lens wearers.

DERMAL EXPOSURE: Promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.
INHALATION EXPOSURE: Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS: Eyes, liver, kidneys and blood plasma (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007; OSHA, 2000).

GENERAL

The following information is for Organophosphate Compounds in general.
Severe toxicity may develop rapidly following exposure or may be delayed by 12 hours or more. Rapid removal from toxic environments, decontamination procedures, and specific therapy if required are essential.
First responders, emergency medical, and emergency department personnel should take proper precautions (wear rubber gowns, rubber aprons, rubber gloves, etc) when treating patients with organophosphate poisoning to avoid contamination. Emesis containing organophosphates should be placed in closed impervious containers for proper disposal.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If respiratory tract irritation or respiratory depression is evident, monitor arterial blood gases, chest x-ray, and pulmonary function tests.
Carefully observe patients with inhalation exposure for the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

Systemic effects can occur from dermal exposure to organophosphates.
DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Some chemicals can produce systemic poisoning by absorption through intact skin. Carefully observe patients with dermal exposure for the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
Patients symptomatic following exposure should be observed in a controlled setting until all signs and symptoms have fully resolved.

ORAL/PARENTERAL EXPOSURE

Inducing emesis is contraindicated because of possible early onset of respiratory depression and seizures.
PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
Suction oral secretions.
ANTIDOTES

SUMMARY: Atropine is used to antagonize muscarinic effects. Oximes (pralidoxime in the US, or obidoxime in some other countries) are used to reverse neuromuscular blockade. Use of oximes is usually indicated for patients with moderate to severe toxicity.
AUTOINJECTORS

INDICATION: Atropine-containing autoinjectors are used for the initial treatment of poisoning by organophosphate nerve agents and organophosphate or carbamate insecticides (Prod Info DuoDote(R) intramuscular injection solution, 2011; Prod Info ATROPEN(R) IM injection, 2005). Pralidoxime use following carbamate exposure may not be indicated.
NOTE: The safety and efficacy of MARK I kit (Note: the MARK I autoinjector kit was last produced by Meridian Medical Technologies, Columbia, MD in 2008. This product may still be available in some locations.), ATNAA, or DuoDote(R) has not been established in children. All of these autoinjectors contain benzyl alcohol as a preservative (Prod Info DuoDote(R) intramuscular injection solution, 2011; Prod Info ATNAA ANTIDOTE TREATMENT – NERVE AGENT, AUTO-INJECTOR intramuscular injection solution, 2002). Since the AtroPen(R) comes in different strengths, certain dose units have been approved for use in children (Prod Info ATROPEN(R) IM injection, 2005).
The AtroPen(R) autoinjector (atropine sulfate; Meridian Medical Technologies, Inc, Columbia, MD) delivers a dose of atropine in a self-contained unit. There are 4 AtroPen(R) strengths: AtroPen(R) 0.25 mg in 0.3 mL of solution (dispenses 0.21 mg of atropine base; equivalent to 0.25 mg of atropine sulfate), AtroPen(R) 0.5 mg in 0.7 mL of solution (dispenses 0.42 mg of atropine base; equivalent to 0.5 mg of atropine sulfate), Atropen(R) 1 mg in 0.7 mL of solution (dispenses 0.84 mg of atropine base; equivalent to 1 mg of atropine sulfate), and AtroPen(R) 2 mg in 0.7 mL of solution (dispenses 1.67 mg of atropine base; equivalent to 2 mg of atropine sulfate) (Prod Info ATROPEN(R) IM injection, 2005).

AtroPen(R): DOSE: ADULT AND CHILDREN OVER 10 YEARS OF AGE: Mild symptoms, in cases where exposure is known or suspected: Inject one 2 mg AtroPen(R) (green pen) into the outer thigh as soon as symptoms appear; pralidoxime chloride may also be required. Severe symptoms: Inject one 2 mg AtroPen(R) (green pen) into the outer thigh as soon as symptoms appear, administer 2 additional 2 mg AtroPen(R) doses in rapid succession 10 min after receiving the first dose; pralidoxime chloride and/or an anticonvulsant may also be required, patients should be closely monitored for at least 48 to 72 hr. PEDIATRIC: Mild symptoms, in cases where exposure is known or suspected: dose for infants less than 7 kg (generally less than 6 months of age) = 0.25 mg (yellow pen), dose for children 7 to 18 kg (generally 6 months to 4 years of age) = 0.5 mg (blue pen), dose for children 18 to 41 kg (generally 4 to 10 years of age) = 1 mg (dark red pen), dose for children over 41 kg = 2 mg (green pen): inject one AtroPen(R) into the outer thigh as soon as symptoms appear; pralidoxime chloride may also be required. Severe symptoms: Administer 2 additional AtroPen(R) doses (see above) in rapid succession 10 min after receiving the first dose; pralidoxime chloride and/or an anticonvulsant may also be required, patients should be closely monitored for at least 48 to 72 hr (Prod Info ATROPEN(R) IM injection, 2005).
If pralidoxime is required, pralidoxime prefilled autoinjector delivers 600 mg IM (adult dosing); may repeat every 15 minutes up to 3 injections if symptoms persist. The safety and efficacy of pralidoxime auto-injector for use in nerve agent poisoning have not been established in pediatric patients (Prod Info pralidoxime chloride intramuscular auto-imjector solution, 2003)

ATNAA (Antidote Treatment Nerve Agent Autoinjector, Meridian Medical Technologies, Columbia, Maryland) is currently used by the US military and provides atropine injection and pralidoxime chloride injection in a single needle. Each self-contained unit dispenses 2.1 mg of atropine in 0.7 mL and 600 mg of pralidoxime chloride in 2 mL via intramuscular injection (Prod Info ATNAA ANTIDOTE TREATMENT – NERVE AGENT, AUTO-INJECTOR intramuscular injection solution, 2002).

ATNAA: DOSE: ADULT: One ATNAA into the lateral thigh muscle or buttocks. Wait 10 to 15 minutes for effect (Prod Info ATNAA ANTIDOTE TREATMENT – NERVE AGENT, AUTO-INJECTOR intramuscular injection solution, 2002).

MARK I: This device (Meridian Medical Technologies, Columbia, Maryland) was used by the US military. (Note: the MARK I autoinjector kit was last produced by Meridian Medical Technologies, Columbia, MD in 2008. This product may still be available in some locations.) Each kit contains two autoinjectors: an atropine and a pralidoxime autoinjector. The atropine autoinjector delivers 2.1 mg of atropine in 0.7 mL via intramuscular injection. The pralidoxime autoinjector delivers 600 mg pralidoxime chloride in 2 mL via intramuscular injection (Prod Info DUODOTE(TM) IM injection, 2006).
DuoDote(R) is a dual chambered device (Meridian Medical Technologies, Columbia, Maryland) that delivers 2.1 mg of atropine in 0.7 mL and 600 mg of pralidoxime chloride in 2 mL sequentially using a single needle for use in a civilian or community setting. It should be administered by Emergency Medical Services personnel who have been trained to recognize and treat nerve agent or insecticide intoxication (Prod Info DuoDote(R) intramuscular injection solution, 2011).
DuoDote(R): DOSE: ADULT: Two or more mild symptoms, initial dose, 1 injector (atropine 2.1 mg/pralidoxime chloride 600 mg) IM into the mid-lateral thigh, wait 10 to 15 minutes for effect; subsequent doses, if at any time severe symptoms develop, administer 2 additional injectors in rapid succession IM into the mid-lateral thigh and immediately seek definitive medical care; MAX 3 doses unless definitive medical care is available (Prod Info DuoDote(R) intramuscular injection solution, 2011).
Therapeutic plasma concentrations of pralidoxime exceeding 4 mcg/mL were achieved within 4 to 8 minutes after injection (Sidell & Groff, 1974).
DIAZEPAM Autoinjector (Meridian Medical Technologies): Contains 10 mg of diazepam in 2 mL for intramuscular injection for seizure control (Prod Info diazepam autoinjector IM injection solution, 2005).
These devices are designed for initial field treatment. Although autoinjector doses may be adequate for nerve agent exposures, ORGANOPHOSPHATE exposures may require additional atropine or pralidoxime doses in the hospital setting that exceed those in the available autoinjectors.
For medical questions concerning Meridian products, you can call 1-800-438-1985. For general product information, call 1-800-638-8093.

SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue).

Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years).
Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia.

ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.
HYPOTENSION: Infuse 10 to 20 mL/kg isotonic fluid. If hypotension persists, administer dopamine (5 to 20 mcg/kg/min) or norepinephrine (ADULT: begin infusion at 0.5 to 1 mcg/min; CHILD: begin infusion at 0.1 mcg/kg/min); titrate to desired response.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Succinylcholine and other cholinergic agents are contraindicated.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

CASE REPORTS

No toxic effects were seen in a study where 50 subjects received 3 applications/week (for three weeks) of a gauze saturated with a 10% suspension of Ronnel in sesame seed oil (Hathaway, 1991).
Of 21 patients treated for larva migrans infection (10 mg Ronnel/kg/day given orally), 5 reported serpiginous ulcers, blurred vision, weakness and nausea (ACGIH, 1991).

ANIMAL DATA

Rats fed Ronnel in the diet at 50 mg/kg, for 105 days, developed slight kidney and liver damage (ACGIH, 1991; Hathaway, 1991).
Dogs fed Ronnel at 10 mg/kg/day for two years showed no clinical evidence of toxicity. Depression of plasma cholinesterase was the only physiological evidence significant finding (ACGIH, 1991; Hathaway, 1991).
Cattle which were administered a single oral dose of 100 mg Ronnel showed a significant depression of plasma and erythrocytic cholinesterase levels; however, there were no overt signs of toxicity (ACGIH, 1991).
Within two weeks, albino rats which received 164 and 328 mg Ronnel/kg developed the following signs: hypersalivation, lacrymation, tremor, motor irritation, as well as increased auditory and tactile sensitivity. A number of these rats did not survive the later stages of this study (ACGIH, 1991).

No similar symptoms were seen in rats fed 8.2 and 16.4 mg Ronnel/kg (ACGIH, 1991).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS299-84-3 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A4 ; Listed as: Ronnel

A4 :Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Ronnel
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS299-84-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: (ACGIH, 1991; ITI, 1988 Lewis, 1992 RTECS, 1995 Budavari, 1989 The values below are from RTECS unless otherwise indicated.
- LD50- (ORAL)CHICKEN:
- LD50- (ORAL)DOG:
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (SKIN)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS299-84-3 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Ronnel

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 5 mg/m(3)
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A4
Codes: BEI(A), IFV
Definitions:

A4: Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.
BEI(A): The BEI notation is listed when a BEI is also recommended for the substance listed. Biological monitoring should be instituted for such substances to evaluate the total exposure from all sources, including dermal, ingestion, or non-occupational. Substances identified as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibiting Pesticides are part of this notation.
IFV: Inhalable fraction and vapor.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Cholinesterase inhib
Molecular Weight: 321.57

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS299-84-3 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS299-84-3 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Ronnel
REL:

TWA: 10 mg/m(3)
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 300 mg/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS299-84-3 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Ronnel
Table Z-1 for Ronnel:

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 15

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS299-84-3 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS299-84-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS299-84-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS299-84-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS299-84-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS299-84-3 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS299-84-3 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS299-84-3 (EPA, 2005):

Not Listed

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS299-84-3 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

HANDLING

Ronnel is stable in neutral and acidic media at temperatures of up to 60 degrees C (HSDB , 1995).

Eating and smoking in a working area must be prohibited (ITI, 1988).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Ronnel needs to be stored in its sealed original container (HSDB , 1995).
Containers need to be stacked so as to permit free circulation of air all around (HSDB , 1995).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Ronnel needs to be stored in a well-ventilated, dry location. It is recommended that this compound be stored in the shade, or in areas where the temperature does not exceed 25 to 30 degrees C. Storage facilities must be placed at an adequate distance from food stores, animal shelters, and inhabited buildings. The storage location is to be inaccessible to unauthorized persons as well as children and domestic animals (HSDB , 1995).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Keep separated from spark-generating equipment and open flames (HSDB , 1995).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Appropriate personal protective clothing should be worn to prevent skin contact. Workers should wash promptly when skin becomes contaminated. Clothing which becomes significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Persons working with this compound should change into uncontaminated apparel before leaving the job site (HSDB , 1995) NIOSH, 1995).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Appropriate eye protection should be worn to prevent eye contact (NIOSH, 1995).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 299-84-3.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
Ronnel is a non-combustible solid (NIOSH, 1995).
This compound emits toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride, as well as oxides of phosphorus and sulfur when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1992).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS299-84-3 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS299-84-3 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

This compound emits toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride, as well as oxides of phosphorus and sulfur when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1992).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Ronnel reacts with strong oxidizers (NIOSH, 1995).

This compound emits toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride, as well as oxides of phosphorus and sulfur when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1992).

Ronnel is hydrolyzed by dilute alkali to the dimethyl compound (HSDB , 1995).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (ERG, 2004)

Data presented from the Emergency Response Guidebook Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances are for use when a spill has occurred and there is no fire. If there is a fire, or if a fire is involved, evacuation information presented under FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES should be used.
Generally, a small spill is one that involves a single, small package such as a drum containing up to approximately 200 liters, a small cylinder, or a small leak from a large package. A large spill is one that involves a spill from a large package, or multiple spills from many small packages.
Suggested distances to protect from vapors of toxic-by-inhalation and/or water-reactive materials during the first 30 minutes following the spill.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS299-84-3 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS299-84-3 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS299-84-3 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS299-84-3 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 300 mg/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Ventilate the area of the spill. In the most safe and convenient manner, collect the spilled material. Ronnel may be placed in sealed containers for reclamation or disposal in a secured sanitary landfill (HSDB , 1995).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Absorb a spilled liquid ronnel mixture with paper towels, and place these within a plastic bag. Burn this bag in a furnace or in an open pan with the aid of a flammable solvent (ITI, 1988).

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

Place the ronnel to be disposed of (absorbed on paper towels) in an open furnace. Add equal parts crushed limestone and sand. Soak this with a flammable solvent; ignite with care (or) place in a paper carton, and burn in an afterburner-equipped furnace with an alkali scrubber (HSDB , 1995; ITI, 1988).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Ronnel was released to the environment during its use as an insecticide. It is no longer registered for use in the US. This compound in not known to naturally occur (HSDB , 1995).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

Based on its vapor pressure, this compound is expected to be present partly in the vapor phase and partly in particulate form when in the atmosphere. For ronnel in the vapor phase, reaction with photochemically produced radicals will be an important loss mechanism. In this process the half-life of this compound is estimated to be 2.1 hours. Some removal of ronnel from the atmosphere can be expected as the result of dry deposition. Ronnel particulates have been found to undergo long-distance transport (HSDB , 1995).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Adsorption to suspended solids and sediment appears to be the major pathway for the loss of this compound from water. Biodegradation will also be a factor, and to a lesser extent hydrolysis as well as photolysis (HSDB , 1995).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Ronnel released to soil will biodegrade fairly quickly. Volatilization, hydrolysis, and photolysis do not appear to be major pathways for the loss of this compound from soil. Ronnel is predicted to have low mobility in most soils (HSDB , 1995).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

Hydrolysis of ronnel is dependent on pH; the rate being faster in alkaline solutions (HSDB , 1995).

The hydrolysis half-life of this compound in 35 degree C distilled water is estimated to be 24 days (HSDB , 1995).

BIODEGRADATION

Ronnel is biodegraded in soils. Biodegradation of this compound in surface waters has a mean half-life of 8.4 days (HSDB , 1995).

Bacillus subtilis, when isolated from polluted water samples, completely degraded a solution containing 8 ppm ronnel in under 6 days (HSDB , 1995).

BIOACCUMULATION

FISH

In aquatic organisms, bioconcentration may be an important factor (HSDB , 1995).

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

The equilibrium bioconcentration factor (in a continuous flow-through system) for this pesticide in Poecilia reticulata (guppy) was 43650 on the lipid weight basis. The whole-body bioconcentration factor is estimated to be 3588 (HSDB , 1995).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

ECOTOXICITY VALUES (HSDB , 1995)

LD50 (Oral) Anas platyrhnchos (mallard duck) (male): Approximately 2000 mg/kg, 3-month-old, sample purity 92.5%
LD50 (Oral) Phasianus colchicus (pheasant) (male): 611 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 351 to 1063 mg/kg), 3 to 4-month-old, sample purity 92.5%
LC50 Gammarus fasciatus (scud): 4300 mcg/L (95% confidence 3400 to 5400 mcg/L)
LC50 Salmo gairdneri (rainbow trout): 550 mcg/L (95% confidence limit 410 to 730 mcg/L), wt 1.1 g
LC50 Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish): 1600 mcg/L (95% confidence limit 1480 to 1730 mcg/L), wt 1.1 g
LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill): 1300 mcg/L (95% confidence limit 1180 to 1430 mcg/L), wt 1.0 g
LC50 Salmo clarki (cutthroat trout): 555 mcg/L (95% confidence limit 415 to 742 mcg/L), wt 2.2 g
LC50 Salvelinus namaycush (lake trout): 490 mcg/L (95% confidence limit 395 to 608 mcg/L), wt 1.2 g
LC50 (Oral - 5 day ad libitum in diet) Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail): Greater than 5000 ppm, 14 days old, no overt signs of toxicity to 5000 ppm, technical grade - 98% active ingredient

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

321.57 (ACGIH, 1991)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Ronnel exists as a non-combustible, colorless, white, or tan crystalline powder or granules with a mercaptan odor. It is a liquid above 106 degrees F (ACGIH, 1991; Hathaway, 1991; (HSDB , 1995) NIOSH, 1995).

No information found at the time of this review.

VAPOR PRESSURE

8x10(-4) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Budavari, 1989)

0.0008 mmHg (at 77 degrees F) (NIOSH, 1995)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
SOLID: 1.485 (at 25/4 degrees C) (HSDB , 1995)

DENSITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
SOLID: 1.485 g/mL (HSDB , 1995)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

41 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991; (Lewis, 1993)
106 degrees F (NIOSH, 1995)

BOILING POINT

97 degrees C (at 0.013 mbar) (decomposes) (ACGIH, 1991; NIOSH, 1995; (HSDB , 1995)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

Not Applicable (NIOSH, 1995)

UPPER

Not Applicable (NIOSH, 1995)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

0.004 g/100 mL (at 25 degrees C) (Budavari, 1989)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

It is freely in acetone, ether, methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, and kerosene (Budavari, 1989).
acetone: 908 g/100 mL (HSDB , 1995)
chloroform: 347 g/100 mL (HSDB , 1995)
kerosene: 37 g/100 mL (HSDB , 1995)
methanol: 25 g/100 mL (HSDB , 1995)
toluene: 592 g/100 mL (HSDB , 1995)
xylene: 503 g/100 mL (HSDB , 1995)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = 4.98 (HSDB , 1995)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

3.2x10(-5) atm m(3)/mol (estimated) (HSDB , 1995)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.5537 (at 50 degrees C/D) (HSDB , 1995)

-REFERENCES

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United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Vinyl Acetate (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020d6af&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

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Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents