PYRETHRINS

C20H28O3
069010 (EPA)
GZ1540000 (NIOSH)
Chrysanthamummonocarboxylic acid, cinerolone ester
Crysanthemummonocarboxilic acid, 3-(2-butenyl)-2-methyl-4-oxo-2- cyclopenten-1-yl ester
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-, ester with 2-(2-butenyl)-4- hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one (TSCA)
Cinerolone, chrysanthamummonocarboxylic acid ester
Cinerolone ester of chrysanthemic acid
CAS 25402-06-6
C21H28O5
069009 (EPA)
Cinerolone ester of pyrethric acid
CAS 121-20-0
C10H14O2
2-Cyclopenten-1-one
Cinerolon
CAS 17190-74-8
C21H28O3
GZ1575000 (NIOSH)
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-, ester with 2-(2-cyclopenten- 1-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-, ester with 2-(2-cyclopenten- 1-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one
Beilstein Reference Number: BRN 2672684
Molecular Weight: 328.49
CAS 97-11-0
C21H30O3
Jasmoline ester of chrysanthemic acid
Jasmoline I
CAS 4466-14-2
C22H30O5
Jasmoline ester of pyrethric acid
CAS 1172-63-0
C18H22O5
CAS 88108-26-3
069001 (EPA)
CAS 8003-34-7
C21H28O3
069001 (EPA)
3-09-00-00215 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BRN 2004306
GZ1725000 (NIOSH)
4963868, 4963872, 4963877, 4963881, 4963881, 4963886 (STCC)
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-, ester with 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(2,4-pentadienyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-, ester with 4-hydroxy-3- methyl-2-(2,4-pentadienyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one (RTECS)
Chrysanthemum monocarboxylic acid pyrethrolone ester
Piretrina 1 (Portuguese)
Pyrethrolone, chrysanthemum monocarboxylic acid ester
Pyrethrolone ester of chrysanthemic acid
(+)-Prethronyl (+)-trans-chrysanthemate
CAS 121-21-1
C22H28O5
069006 (EPA)
GZ0700000 (NIOSH)
4963872 (STCC)
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-[(1E)-3-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-1-propenyl]-2,2-dimethyl-, (1S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-(2Z)-2,4-pentadienyl-2-cyclopenten-1-yl ester, (1R,3R) (TSCA)
Cyclopropaneacrylic acid, 3-carboxy-alpha,2,2-Trimethyl-, 1-methyl ester, ester with 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(2,4-pentadienyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one
Chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester pyrethrolone ester
Pyrethrolone, chrysanthemum dicarboxlic acid methyl ester ester
Pyrethrolone ester of chrsanthemumdicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester
Pyrethrolone ester of pyrethric acid
CAS 121-29-9
C11H14O2
Pyrethrolon
CAS 487-67-2
C21H28O3
C22H28O5
069007 (EPA)
UR4200000 (NIOSH)
Pyrethrum powder
Pyrethrum marc
Pyrethrum (insecticide)
Pyrethrum extract
Pyrethrum flowers
Pyrethrum, pyrethrins, pyrethroids
Pyrethrins and pyrethroids
Pyrethrins
CAS 8003-34-7
Anacyclus pyrethrum (India herb)
Botanical insecticide
Chrysanthenum dicarboxlic acid methyl ester
Chrysanthemum monocarboxylic acid pyrethrolone ester
Cinerin 1 allyl homolog
Cinerin I or II
Crysanthemum
Cycklethrin
Cyclopentenylrethonyl chrysanthemate
Dalmation insect flowers
Dalmation-insect powder
Insect powder
Jasmolin I or II
Pallethrine
Persian insect powder
Piretrina 1 (Portuguese)
Pynamin
Pyresin
Pyrethrin 1
Pyrethrin 2
Pyrethrin I or II
Pyrethrin
Pyrethrins
Pyrethrolone, chrysanthemum monocarboxylic acid ester
Pyrethrolone ester of chrsanthemumdicarboxylic acid-monomethyl ester
Pyretrin II
Pyrprethrin
Trieste flowers
Chrysanthemum cinerareaefolium
Chrysanthemum coccineum (painted daisy)

CINERIN I

C20H28O3
069010 (EPA)
GZ1540000 (NIOSH)
Chrysanthamummonocarboxylic acid, cinerolone ester
Crysanthemummonocarboxilic acid, 3-(2-butenyl)-2-methyl-4-oxo-2- cyclopenten-1-yl ester
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-, ester with 2-(2-butenyl)-4- hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one (TSCA)
Cinerolone, chrysanthamummonocarboxylic acid ester
Cinerolone ester of chrysanthemic acid
CAS 25402-06-6

C21H28O5
069009 (EPA)
Cinerolone ester of pyrethric acid
CAS 121-20-0

C10H14O2
2-Cyclopenten-1-one
Cinerolon
CAS 17190-74-8

C21H28O3
GZ1575000 (NIOSH)
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-, ester with 2-(2-cyclopenten- 1-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-, ester with 2-(2-cyclopenten- 1-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one
Beilstein Reference Number: BRN 2672684
Molecular Weight: 328.49
CAS 97-11-0

C21H30O3
Jasmoline ester of chrysanthemic acid
Jasmoline I
CAS 4466-14-2

C22H30O5
Jasmoline ester of pyrethric acid
CAS 1172-63-0

C18H22O5
CAS 88108-26-3

069001 (EPA)
CAS 8003-34-7

C21H28O3
069001 (EPA)
3-09-00-00215 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BRN 2004306
GZ1725000 (NIOSH)
4963868, 4963872, 4963877, 4963881, 4963881, 4963886 (STCC)
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-, ester with 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(2,4-pentadienyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-, ester with 4-hydroxy-3- methyl-2-(2,4-pentadienyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one (RTECS)
Chrysanthemum monocarboxylic acid pyrethrolone ester
Piretrina 1 (Portuguese)
Pyrethrolone, chrysanthemum monocarboxylic acid ester
Pyrethrolone ester of chrysanthemic acid
(+)-Prethronyl (+)-trans-chrysanthemate
CAS 121-21-1

C22H28O5
069006 (EPA)
GZ0700000 (NIOSH)
4963872 (STCC)
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-[(1E)-3-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-1-propenyl]-2,2-dimethyl-, (1S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-(2Z)-2,4-pentadienyl-2-cyclopenten-1-yl ester, (1R,3R) (TSCA)
Cyclopropaneacrylic acid, 3-carboxy-alpha,2,2-Trimethyl-, 1-methyl ester, ester with 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(2,4-pentadienyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one
Chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester pyrethrolone ester
Pyrethrolone, chrysanthemum dicarboxlic acid methyl ester ester
Pyrethrolone ester of chrsanthemumdicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester
Pyrethrolone ester of pyrethric acid
CAS 121-29-9

C11H14O2
Pyrethrolon
CAS 487-67-2

C21H28O3
C22H28O5
069007 (EPA)
UR4200000 (NIOSH)
Pyrethrum powder
Pyrethrum marc
Pyrethrum (insecticide)
Pyrethrum extract
Pyrethrum flowers
Pyrethrum, pyrethrins, pyrethroids
Pyrethrins and pyrethroids
Pyrethrins
CAS 8003-34-7

Anacyclus pyrethrum (India herb)
Botanical insecticide
Chrysanthenum dicarboxlic acid methyl ester
Chrysanthemum monocarboxylic acid pyrethrolone ester
Cinerin 1 allyl homolog
Cinerin I or II
Crysanthemum
Cycklethrin
Cyclopentenylrethonyl chrysanthemate
Dalmation insect flowers
Dalmation-insect powder
Insect powder
Jasmolin I or II
Pallethrine
Persian insect powder
Piretrina 1 (Portuguese)
Pynamin
Pyresin
Pyrethrin 1
Pyrethrin 2
Pyrethrin I or II
Pyrethrin
Pyrethrins
Pyrethrolone, chrysanthemum monocarboxylic acid ester
Pyrethrolone ester of chrsanthemumdicarboxylic acid-monomethyl ester
Pyretrin II
Pyrprethrin
Trieste flowers

Chrysanthemum cinerareaefolium
Chrysanthemum coccineum (painted daisy)

IDENTIFIERS

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER

88108-26-3(Pyrethrin)
8003-34-7(Pyrethrins)
121-21-1(Pyrethrin I)
121-29-9(Pyrethrin II)
121-20-0(Cinerin II)
4466-14-2(Jasmolin I)
1172-63-0(Jasmolin II)
8003-34-7(Pyrethrum)

NIOSH/RTECS NUMBER

GZ1540000
GZ0700000
GZ1575000
UR4200000

UN/NA NUMBER

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

STCC NUMBER

49 638 68
49 638 72
49 638 77
49 638 81
49 638 86

DESIGNATIONS

BEILSTEIN HANDBOOK REFERENCE:3-09-00-00215
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NUMBER:2004306
EPA PESTICIDE CHEMICAL CODE:069001
EPA PESTICIDE CHEMICAL CODE:069006
EPA PESTICIDE CHEMICAL CODE:069007
EPA PESTICIDE CHEMICAL CODE:069009
EPA PESTICIDE CHEMICAL CODE:069010
STANDARD INDUSTRIAL TRADE CLASSIFICATION NUMBER:59110

MOLECULAR FORMULA

Cinerin I: C20H28O3
Cinerin II: C21H28O5
Jasmolin I: C21H30O3
Jasmolin II: C22H30O5
Pyrethrin I: C21H28O3
Pyrethrin II: C22H28O5

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

151-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(HSDB, 2006; OHM/TADS, 2006; RTECS, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003; Krieger, 2001)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Pyrethrum extracts are chiefly used as a residential insecticide because of their safety. Household formulations typically contain about 0.5% active pyrethrum. Constituents of the insecticidal extract are collectively termed "pyrethrins" or "natural pyrethrins" (HSDB, 2006; Ray, 1991; Proctor et al, 1988).
Pyrethrins are used in human and veterinary medicine to treat lice and flea infestations (HSDB, 2006; Proudfoot, 2005).
Pyrethrum extracts are used extensively in stock sprays, aerosols, and in industrial sanitation sprays for protecting stored food in warehouses and treating paper bags used in shipping cereals (HSDB, 2006).

FORMS

Pyethrin-pyrethroid insecticides are commonly extracted in petroleum distillates (kerosene, acetone, alcohol, ethylene dichloride) for use as household sprays or dusts. They usually contain synergists (piperonyl butoxide) and some are marketed in cans pressurized by propellants (HSDB, 2006; Meister, 2003).
Pyrethrum is a mixture of cinerin, jasmolin, and pyrethrin at varying concentrations. The standardized pyrethrum extract is 45-55% w/w total pyrethrins (NIOSH, 2006; Krieger, 2001).
Pyrethrin I and II are esters of chrysanthemic and pyrethric acids, respectively. They are formed from three keto alcohols: pyrethrolone, cinerolone, and jasmolone (HSDB, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003).
Pyrethrins are generally brown or tan in color. Their various physical forms include viscous liquid (pyrethrin I and II, cinerin II), viscous oil (cinerin II), solid, and dust (HSDB, 2006; NIOSH, 2006; Pohanish, 2002; Krieger, 2001; Lewis, 2001).
Pyrethrum's unrefined extract is a mobile oil; the refined extract is a liquid. Its color ranges from an unrefined dark greenish brown to a refined pale yellow. The powdered ground flowers are tan (HSDB, 2006).

SOURCES

Pyrethrins are botanical insecticides obtained by grinding flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium. Pyrethrum refers to the crude extract obtained from the flowers. The dried flowers contain approximately 0.9-1.3% pyrethrins (Meister, 2003).
The chrysanthemum plant (C. cinerariifolium) and its flowers are the source of the active insecticidal principles: pyrethrin I and II, cinerin I and II, and jasmolin I and II. Other active constituents include the chemicals syrethrolone and cineroline (HSDB, 2006; Meister, 2003; Tech Info, 1986).
The chrysanthemum flowers for producing pyrethrins are native to Kenya, Ecuador, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Japan (HSDB, 2006; Meister, 2003).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

USES: Pyrethrins are naturally occurring compounds produced by chrysanthemums. Pyrethrins are used as insecticides to treat parasitic infections such as scabies and lice. Pyrethroids are synthetic chemicals that are structurally similar to pyrethrins. Pyrethrin-pyrethroid combination insecticides are commonly mixed with petroleum distillates (kerosene, acetone, alcohol, ethylene dichloride) for use as household sprays or dusts. They usually contain synergists (piperonyl butoxide) and some are marketed in cans pressurized by propellants. Please refer to "PYRETHROIDS" management for more information.

TOXICOLOGY: Pyrethrins bind voltage-gated sodium channels preferentially in the open state allowing sodium influx, prolonged axonal firing, with repetitive stimuli and eventual muscle paralysis. Piperonyl butoxide and other compounds are often added to pyrethrin insecticides as synergists and may contribute to toxicity.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Exposures to pyrethrins are common, but significant toxicity is very rare.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY: Dermal exposure can cause mild erythematous dermatitis with vesicles, papules in moist areas, and intense pruritus; a bulbous dermatitis may also occur. Pyrethrins can cause allergic dermatitis. Ocular exposure can cause irritation. Inhalation exposure can cause congestion, rhinorrhea and other upper respiratory symptoms, headaches, paresthesia, and dizziness. Ingestion commonly cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
SEVERE TOXICITY: Severe asthma exacerbations and anaphylaxis have been reported, and can be fatal. Seizures are a rare manifestation of severe poisoning. Severe corneal injury can occur from ocular exposure.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

SUMMARY

TOXICOLOGY: Pyrethrins bind voltage-gated sodium channels preferentially in the open state allowing sodium influx, prolonged axonal firing, with repetitive stimuli and eventual muscle paralysis. Piperonyl butoxide and other compounds are often added to pyrethrin insecticides as synergists and may contribute to toxicity.
EPIDEMIOLOGY: Exposures to pyrethrins are common, but significant toxicity is very rare.
MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY: Dermal exposure can cause mild erythematous dermatitis with vesicles, papules in moist areas, and intense pruritus; a bulbous dermatitis may also occur. Pyrethrins can cause allergic dermatitis. Ocular exposure can cause irritation. Inhalation exposure can cause congestion, rhinorrhea and other upper respiratory symptoms, headaches, paresthesia, and dizziness. Ingestion commonly cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
SEVERE TOXICITY: Severe asthma exacerbations and anaphylaxis have been reported, and can be fatal. Seizures are a rare manifestation of severe poisoning. Severe corneal injury can occur from ocular exposure.

TOXIC ROUTES

Pyrethrum can be toxic if inhaled, ingested, or if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin (NIOSH/OSHA). The estimated fatal dose in humans is 1430 mg/kg, but a 15-gram dose was fatal in a child (ACGIH, 1986). Due to rapid hydrolysis of these esters in the digestive tract and by liver esterases, they have low acute oral toxicity in humans (Dorman & Beasley, 1991).

DERMATOLOGIC

CONTACT DERMATITIS: Irritant contact dermatitis has been described, and is more common following pyrethrin exposures than pyrethroid exposures. Patients allergic to chrysanthemums may develop photosensitivity or chronic actinic dermatitis following repeated exposures (McGovern & Barkley, 1999; Fischer & Eikmann, 1996; Lisi, 1992) Kolmodin-Hedman et al, 1982). The usual lesion is a mild erythematous dermatitis with vesicles, papules in moist areas, and intense pruritus; a bulbous dermatitis may also develop (McGovern & Barkley, 1999; Ray, 1991; Proctor et al, 1988).

Four types of lesions associated with pyrethrum dermatitis include erythema venenatum, vesicular dermatitis, papular dermatitis, and an anaphylactic type. Lesions developed on exposed skin and were associated with intense itching and a burning feeling. Erythema venenatum was reported in approximately 30% of 85 workers and was characterized by redness, roughness, and later desquamation of the skin. The anaphylactic type is the least common type of rash (Proudfoot, 2005).

GASTROINTESTINAL

Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea may occur, especially following large ingestions, and may be due in part to piperonyl butoxide, which is often added as an adjunct in pyrethrum extract products (Ray, 1991).

HEENT

CORNEAL DAMAGE: Superficial corneal abrasions have been reported following the use of a 0.17% synergized pyrethrin shampoo to control head lice in children. It was suggested that the corneal damage may have been the result of ingredients (2% piperonyl butoxide, 5% kerosene, and 92.835% inert ingredients) other than pyrethrins. FINDINGS: Injury was mild in 3, moderate in 11, and severe in 11 of 25 children. PROGNOSIS: Complete corneal healing usually occurs within 2 weeks, but was delayed for more than 4 weeks in 1 case (Pe'er & Ben Ezra, 1988).
IRRITATION: Eye burning, itching and irritation may result from exposure to fumes or direct ocular contamination (Ray, 1991). Pyrethrin I and II in pure form are irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes (Grant & Schuman, 1993). Chemical conjunctivitis was diagnosed in a patient after a pyrethrin-containing mist was inadvertently sprayed into the eyes (Anon, 2000). Pyrethrum insecticide powder may cause transient contact conjunctival edema and hyperemia (Grant & Schuman, 1993).
VISUAL ACUITY: Corneal denudation and decreased visual acuity have been reported following ocular contact exposure during normal use of pediculicide shampoos containing pyrethrin (Quan & Anderson, 1989).
RHINITIS and sneezing have been reported (Moretto, 1991; (Newton & Breslin, 1983; Proudfoot, 2005). Following inhalation, a stuffy, runny nose and scratchy throat are common.
PHARYNGITIS: A sore, scratchy throat has been reported (Anon, 2000; Paton & Walker, 1988).
TASTE PERVERSION: An oily taste and burning sensation of the mouth developed in a 74-year-old woman who inadvertently sprayed an insecticide containing pyrethrins, pyrethroids, kerosene and a chlorofluorocarbon propellant into her mouth (Grant & Schuman, 1993). The burning sensation resolved over 5 months but the taste disorder persisted.

IMMUNOLOGIC

Human injuries from pyrethrum and pyrethrins have most frequently resulted from allergenic properties of the material rather than its direct toxicity. Allergy usually has been associated with occupational or therapeutic contact. Dermatitis, and particularly allergy of the respiratory tract, may result from exposure to pyrethrum formulations intended for use in the home or workplace (Ray, 1991). Patients at highest risk for an allergic reaction are those who are sensitive to ragweed pollen, which may cross-react with chrysanthemums (Howland, 1998). Eosinophilia may accompany an acute allergic reaction (Ray, 1991).
ANAPHYLACTOID REACTION: Death from severe bronchospasm and respiratory failure has been reported rarely in patients with well controlled underlying asthma (Wagner, 2000; Wax & Hoffman, 1994).

NEUROLOGIC

Paresthesias, headaches, and dizziness are common. Massive exposure may result in hyperexcitability and seizures, but this is rare (Proudfoot, 2005; Ray & Forshaw, 2000; Wilks, 2000; Anon, 2000; Ray, 1991; Martin & Hester, 1941).

RESPIRATORY

Asthma or reactive airways disease syndrome is possible following inhalation exposures, as is hypersensitivity pneumonitis with chest pain, cough, dyspnea and bronchospasm (Fischer & Eikmann, 1996; Ray, 1991; Newton & Breslin, 1983; Proudfoot, 2005). Patients with ragweed sensitivity are more prone to allergic reactions following pyrethrum extract administration. Fatal asthma was reported in a child and an adult following the use of an animal shampoo containing pyrethrin (Wagner, 2000; Wax & Hoffman, 1994).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

The main documented effect in chronically exposed humans is dermatitis, especially in the moist areas (NIOSH/OSHA). This may be accompanied by intense itching and blisters. In one study of workers who processed pyrethrum powder, 30% had skin disorders which were reversible after exposure ceased. However, one worker had an anaphylactic-type reaction with swelling and intense itching (NIOSH/OSHA). In a general population of persons with pre-existing dermatitis, approximately 3% responded to pyrethrum (ACGIH, 1986). Persons with occupational allergy to chrysanthemums were not sensitive to pure pyrethrins in skin testing (Hausen & Schulz, 1973). Reaction to pyrethrins may sometimes resemble hay fever, with sneezing, nasal discharge, stuffy nose, wheezing, and breathing difficulty. Occasionally, the reaction may be more severe (NIOSH/OSHA).

Pyrethrum allergy may be contact type delayed hypersensitivity in the lung (Adams, 1974). Pyrethrum is generally recognized as an agent which induces occupational asthma (EOHS, 1982). Inhalation of a pyrethrin-containing shampoo produced fatal bronchospasm in one case (Wax & Hoffman, 1994).

In feeding studies, no gross effects were observed in experimental animals fed diets containing less than 500 ppm or 1,000 ppm of pyrethrins for 2 years; some signs of liver damage were apparent at a dose of 5,000 ppm (Sax, 1984, ACGIH, 1986). Inhalation of 16 mg/m(3) for 30-minute intervals over a period of 31 days produced only slight lung irritation in rats and dogs (ACGIH, 1986).

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

Prehospital gastrointestinal decontamination is generally not indicated; minor exposures generally do not cause toxicity and large ingestions can cause seizures with the risk of aspiration. Wash exposed skin and remove contaminated clothing. Irrigate exposed eyes.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Topical application of Vitamin E is highly effective in relieving paresthesia.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Prehospital gastrointestinal decontamination is generally not indicated; minor exposures generally do not cause toxicity and large ingestions can cause seizures with the risk of aspiration.
ANAPHYLAXIS: Oxygen, aggressive airway management, antihistamines with or without inhaled beta agonists, corticosteroids or epinephrine.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

SPECIFIC SUBSTANCE

PYRETHRUM: Oral LD50 of pyrethrum is greater than 1 g/kg. Most poisoning cases are the result of allergic reactions (Howland, 1998).
PYRETHRUM: A 2-year-old girl died after ingesting one-half ounce (14,000 mg) of an insect powder containing pyrethrum (Ray, 1991; Anon, 1889).
PYRETHRIN: One case of an extremely hypersensitive asthmatic patient resulted in death after a brief exposure to an insecticide shampoo containing 0.06 percent pyrethrin (Wax & Hoffman, 1994). In a similar case, an 11-year-old child with asthma developed severe symptoms of shortness of breath with wheezing 10 minutes after bathing her dog with a 0.2% pyrethrin shampoo. Despite aggressive treatment, including artificial respiration, the child died 2.5 hours after initial exposure (Wagner, 2000).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

SPECIFIC SUBSTANCE

CHRONIC FEEDING STUDIES in animals also indicate that the toxicities of pyrethrins are of a low order in mammals (Ray, 1991).
An oral toxic dose is estimated to be 100 to 1000 mg/kg (Dart, 2000).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS88108-26-3 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS8003-34-7 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A4 ; Listed as: Pyrethrum

A4 :Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Pyrethrum
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS121-21-1 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS121-29-9 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS121-20-0 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS4466-14-2 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS1172-63-0 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS8003-34-7 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A4 ; Listed as: Pyrethrum

A4 :Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Pyrethrum
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS88108-26-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS8003-34-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS121-21-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS121-29-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS121-20-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS4466-14-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS1172-63-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS8003-34-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

Pyrethrum
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)DOG:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
- LDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LDLo- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LDLo- (ORAL)HUMAN:
- LDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LDLo- (INTRAVENOUS)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

Air conversion factors (at 25 degrees C) for some pyrethrins are as follows (calculated using average molecular weight and ideal gas law) (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003):

Cinerin I: 1 mg/m(3 ) = 0.077 ppm
Cinerin II: 1 mg/m(3 ) = 0.068 ppm
Jasmolin I: 1 mg/m(3 ) = 0.074 ppm
Jasmolin II: 1 mg/m(3 ) = 0.065 ppm
Pyrethrin I: 1 mg/m(3 ) = 0.074 ppm
Pyrethrin II: 1 mg/m(3 ) = 0.066 ppm

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS88108-26-3 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS8003-34-7 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Pyrethrum

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 5 mg/m(3)
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A4
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions:

A4: Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Liver dam; LRT irr
Molecular Weight: 345 (avg.)

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS121-21-1 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS121-29-9 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS121-20-0 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS4466-14-2 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS1172-63-0 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS8003-34-7 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Pyrethrum

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 5 mg/m(3)
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A4
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions:

A4: Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Liver dam; LRT irr
Molecular Weight: 345 (avg.)

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS88108-26-3 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS8003-34-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS121-21-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS121-29-9 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS121-20-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS4466-14-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS1172-63-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS8003-34-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS88108-26-3 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS8003-34-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Pyrethrum
REL:

TWA: 5 mg/m(3)
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 5000 mg/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS121-21-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS121-29-9 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS121-20-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS4466-14-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS1172-63-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS8003-34-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Pyrethrum
REL:

TWA: 5 mg/m(3)
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 5000 mg/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS88108-26-3 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS8003-34-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Pyrethrum
Table Z-1 for Pyrethrum:

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 5

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS121-21-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS121-29-9 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS121-20-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS4466-14-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS1172-63-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS8003-34-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Pyrethrum
Table Z-1 for Pyrethrum:

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 5

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS88108-26-3 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS8003-34-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS121-21-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS121-29-9 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS121-20-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS4466-14-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS1172-63-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS8003-34-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS88108-26-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS8003-34-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Pyrethrins
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS121-21-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Pyrethrins
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS121-29-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Pyrethrins
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS121-20-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS4466-14-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS1172-63-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS8003-34-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Pyrethrins
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS88108-26-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS8003-34-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS121-21-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS121-29-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS121-20-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS4466-14-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS1172-63-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS8003-34-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS88108-26-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS8003-34-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS121-21-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS121-29-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS121-20-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS4466-14-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS1172-63-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS8003-34-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS88108-26-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS8003-34-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS121-21-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS121-29-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS121-20-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS4466-14-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS1172-63-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS8003-34-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS88108-26-3 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS8003-34-7 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS121-21-1 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS121-29-9 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS121-20-0 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS4466-14-2 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS1172-63-0 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS8003-34-7 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS88108-26-3 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS8003-34-7 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS121-21-1 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS121-29-9 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS121-20-0 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS4466-14-2 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS1172-63-0 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS8003-34-7 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS88108-26-3 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-, ester with 2-(2-butenyl)-4- hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS8003-34-7 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-, ester with 2-(2-butenyl)-4- hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS121-21-1 (EPA, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS121-29-9 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-[(1E)-3-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-1-propenyl]-2,2-dimethyl-, (1S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-(2Z)-2,4-pentadienyl-2-cyclopenten-1-yl ester, (1R,3R)-

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS121-20-0 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-, ester with 2-(2-butenyl)-4- hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS4466-14-2 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-, ester with 2-(2-butenyl)-4- hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS1172-63-0 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-, ester with 2-(2-butenyl)-4- hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS8003-34-7 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-, ester with 2-(2-butenyl)-4- hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS88108-26-3 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS8003-34-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS121-21-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS121-29-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS121-20-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS4466-14-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS1172-63-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS8003-34-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Pyrethrins can be harmful to humans by ingestion, inhalation, and/or dermal contact. Wear appropriate protective clothing when handling pyrethrin pesticides. Maintain a regular inspection schedule of containers for any leakage (CHRIS, 2006; Pohanish, 2002).
Handle and store pyrethrins in a safe manner to control spills or leakage and to limit any potential spread into the environment (AAR, 2002).
Contaminated or potentially contaminated clothing, shoes, and equipment should not be worn off of work premises (NIOSH, 2006).

HANDLING

Wear rubber or neoprene gloves when handling pyrethrins (HSDB, 2006; OHM/TADS, 2006).

Wear appropriate protective clothing when handling or using pyrethrin pesticides (HSDB, 2006; OHM/TADS, 2006).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Store pyrethrins in tightly-closed containers in cool, dark, well-ventilated areas and distant from any source of heat or flame. Pyrethrin pesticides become unstable and lose their potency when exposed to light, moisture, and air.(HSDB, 2006; OHM/TADS, 2006; Budavari, 2001).
Store pyrethrin formulations containing piperonyl butoxide in tightly-sealed containers and maintain temperatures below 40 degrees C (preferably between 15-30 degrees C) (HSDB, 2006).
Do not store liquid pyrethrin formulations in containers made of lead, zinc, or brass (OHM/TADS, 2006).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Keep rooms used for pyrethrin storage cool, dark, and ventilated (HSDB, 2006; OHM/TADS, 2006; Budavari, 2001).
Maintain room temperatures below 40 degrees C (preferably between 15-30 degrees C) for pyrethrin formulations that contain piperonyl butoxide (HSDB, 2006).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Store pyrethrins away from strong oxidizers and alkaline materials, including lime and ordinary soaps (HSDB, 2006; NIOSH, 2006; Lewis, 2000; Budavari, 2001).
Store liquid extract pyrethrin formulations away from lead, zinc, and brass (OHM/TADS, 2006).
Store pyrethrins away from any source of heat or flame (HSDB, 2006; NIOSH, 2006; Lewis, 2000; Budavari, 2001).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

The following information is for PYRETHRINS in general (CHRIS, 2006; NIOSH, 2006; OHM/TADS, 2006; AAR, 2002; Pohanish, 2002):

Safety guidelines for handling pyrethrin pesticides can vary by formulation and usage pattern.
Wear appropriate protective clothing to guard against any inhalation, ingestion, and eye or skin contact with pyrethrins.
Suitable clothing typically includes rubber gloves, boots, safety goggles, and in some instances, a NIOSH-approved respirator.
Wash hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water after handling pyrethrins, especially before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities.
Contact lens should not be worn.
Remove any clothing, gloves or footwear that become wet or contaminated. Segregate contaminated clothing to prevent direct contact by others.
Immediately flush eyes or skin that contact this material with water for no less than 15 minutes.
Ventilate closed or confined spaces before entry.

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Wear appropriate eye protection (e.g., safety goggles, face shields) to prevent eye contact (CHRIS, 2006; NIOSH, 2006; Pohanish, 2002).

Contact lens should not be worn when working with or around these compounds (NIOSH, 2006; Pohanish, 2002).

If pyrethrins contact the eyes, immediately flush affected eye(s) with copious amounts of water for no less than 15 minutes. Wash skin thoroughly if dermal contact occurs (NIOSH, 2006; Pohanish, 2002).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 88108-26-3.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 8003-34-7.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 121-21-1.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 121-29-9.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 121-20-0.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 4466-14-2.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 1172-63-0.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 8003-34-7.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

OTHER

INDUSTRIAL DECONTAMINATION

Clothing that becomes contaminated with pyrethrins should be removed and replaced (NIOSH, 2006).

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
Pyrethrin (pyrethrum) liquids are Class IIIA combustible materials. The viscous liquid forms are typically dissolved in flammable carriers (alcohol, ether, kerosene) (CHRIS, 2006; OHM/TADS, 2006; AAR, 2002; Pohanish, 2002).
The flammability of pyrethrins in solid form (powder) is low (AAR, 2002; OHM/TADS, 2006).
Exposure to heat or fire may cause pyrethrins to emit poisonous, acidic gases. Containers may explode when exposed to fire (CHRIS, 2006; Pohanish, 2002).
Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Vapors may also concentrate in low areas (CHRIS, 2006; Pohanish, 2002).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS88108-26-3 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS8003-34-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS121-21-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS121-29-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS121-20-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS4466-14-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS1172-63-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS8003-34-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

INITIATING OR CONTRIBUTING PROPERTIES

Pyrethrin vapors may travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and then flash back (Pohanish, 2002).

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS88108-26-3 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS8003-34-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS121-21-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS121-29-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS121-20-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS4466-14-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS1172-63-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS8003-34-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Fires involving pyrethrins should be extinguished with agents suitable to the surrounding combustibles (HSDB, 2006; Pohanish, 2002).

For oil formulations, use dry chemical, alcohol foam, or carbon dioxide to extinguish fires (CHRIS, 2006; HSDB, 2006; OHM/TADS, 2006).

Use water spray to cool exposed containers as they may explode in fire (Pohanish, 2002).

Control contaminated runoff or dilution water resulting from fire control (HSDB, 2006; Pohanish, 2002).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, pyrethrins emit acrid smoke and irritating, toxic fumes (CHRIS, 2006; HSDB, 2006; Lewis, 2000a).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Contact between pyrethrins and strong oxidizers may result in fires and explosions (Pohanish, 2002; HSDB, 2006; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Pyrethrin vapors may travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and then flash back (Pohanish, 2002).

Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Vapors may also concentrate in low areas (CHRIS, 2006; Pohanish, 2002).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Pyrethrin vapor may act as a sensitizer; individuals with some allergic sensitivities (e.g., ragweed), chronic respiratory disease, asthma, or other compromised pulmonary function may exhibit symptom exacerbation due to pyrethrin sensitivity. This may include rhinitis, sneezing, scratchy throat, oral or laryngeal mucosal edema, cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest pain. Chronic exposure to pyrethrin vapor may result in hypersensitivity pneumonitis, characterized by chest pain, cough, dyspnea, and bronchospasm (HSDB, 2006).

Contact dermitis may follow dermal contact with pyrethrin powder dusts. Most commonly, mild erythematous vesicular dermatitis develops, with papules in moist areas and intense pruritus. Bullae may appear. Edema and cracking may develop in severe cases (HSDB, 2006).

Avoid exposure (inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact) to pyrethrin dust, mist, or vapors (HSDB, 2006; Lewis, 2000a).

Pyrethrins may emit acrid smoke and irritating fumes when heated to decomposition (HSDB, 2006; Lewis, 2000a).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Pyrethrins are incompatible with strong oxidizers and alkaline materials, including lime and ordinary soaps (HSDB, 2006; NIOSH, 2006; Budavari, 2001; Lewis, 2000a).

Contact with acids and alkalies can accelerate hydrolysis (HSDB, 2006; Meister, 2003).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

Keep upwind of fires, leaks, and spills, and stay out of low-lying areas (CHRIS, 2006; AAR, 2002).

If material is leaking (not on fire), consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions (AAR, 2002).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS88108-26-3 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS8003-34-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS121-21-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS121-29-9 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS121-20-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS4466-14-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS1172-63-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS8003-34-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS88108-26-3 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS8003-34-7 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS121-21-1 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS121-29-9 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS121-20-0 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS4466-14-2 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS1172-63-0 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS8003-34-7 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS88108-26-3 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS8003-34-7 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS121-21-1 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS121-29-9 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS121-20-0 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS4466-14-2 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS1172-63-0 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS8003-34-7 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS88108-26-3 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS8003-34-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 5000 mg/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS121-21-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS121-29-9 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS121-20-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS4466-14-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS1172-63-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS8003-34-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 5000 mg/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
The following information is for PYRETHRINS in general (HSDB, 2006; NIOSH, 2006; Pohanish, 2002):
- Criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal of pyrethrin wastes are currently subject to significant revision. Consult with appropriate regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices prior to waste disposal. Waste residue and sludge may be incinerated where permitted.
- Wear appropriate personal protection to prevent inhalation, ingestion, and skin and/or eye contact, including rubber or neoprene gloves, overshoes, and an approved respirator.
- Avoid contaminating water when cleaning equipment or disposing of waste.
- Store contaminated clothing in closed containers until it can be cleaned.
- Do not reuse empty containers.
Environmental Considerations (AAR, 2002):
- Construct dikes, pits, or holding areas as needed to contain spills.
- Keep material dry and out of water sources and sewers.
- Construct dikes if needed to contain spill.
- Cover spilled material with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolution in rain or fire fighting water.

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

The following information is for PYRETHRINS in general (HSDB, 2006; NIOSH, 2006; Pohanish, 2002):
- Isolate and ventilate the area. Keep all fire and ignition sources away.
- Wear appropriate protective clothing and respiratory equipment to prevent inhalation, ingestion, or direct skin contact with pyrethrins.
- Small spills of pyrethrum can be swept onto paper then incinerated under a fume hood.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

The following information is for PYRETHRINS in general (HSDB, 2006; NIOSH, 2006; Meister, 2003; AAR, 2002; Pohanish, 2002):
- Isolate and ventilate the area; keep fire and ignition sources away.
- Wear appropriate personal protection to prevent inhalation, ingestion, and skin and/or eye contact, including rubber or neoprene gloves, overshoes, and an approved respirator.
- Large quantities are reclaimable. They also can be dissolved in alcohol (or other flammable solvent), then atomized in a suitable combustion chamber.
- Prevent spills from entering sewers, confined spaces, or water intakes.
- For water spills, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount in areas where pyrethrin concentrations exceed 10 ppm.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

INCINERATION

Small quantities of pyrethrum may be incinerated under a fume hood (HSDB, 2006; NIOSH, 2006).
Larger quantities of pyrethrum waste can be disposed of by dissolving them in a flammable solvent (e.g., alcohol), then atomizing in a combustion chamber, followed by incineration under a fume hood or other appropriate place (HSDB, 2006; NIOSH, 2006).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

INTRODUCTION INTO THE ENVIRONMENT

Pyrethrins and pyrethrum occur naturally in the environment as constituents of Chrysanthemum spp., notably C. cinerafolium and C. cineum. Flower heads of these two species contain about 3-4 mg pyrethrins (HSDB, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003).
Pyrethrins’ presence in the environment chiefly results from their broad spectrum use as an insecticide in both industrial and household settings. Air emission is the principal release pathway for pyrethrins to the environment and includes both household and agricultural aerial sprays as well as manufacturing emissions. Additional environmental release pathways include waste streams from pyrethrin production, formulation and processing, and spills (HSDB, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003).
Pyrethrin pesticides may be sprayed over large nonagricultural areas to control mosquito and medfly populations (HSDB, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003).

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE

Agricultural and landscape workers and pesticide applicators who regularly use pyrethrin products for treating crops and livestock may be exposed through inhalation, dermal (eye and skin) contact or incidental ingestion (HSDB, 2006; NIOSH, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003).
Occupational exposure may occur (HSDB, 2006; NIOSH, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003):

In pesticide formulating plants due to spillage or handling at mixing and bagging stations.
To crop workers during application (aerial or ground spraying) or by contact with treated foliage, soil, or other pesticide-contaminated materials.
To crop workers from contact with treated foliage or to airborne pesticide-contaminated materials (foliage, soil).
To workers or persons in a neighboring landscape due to airborne drift.

GENERAL POPULATION EXPOSURE

The principal exposure pathway for the general population is through ingestion of unwashed fruit and vegetables, according to the U.S. Public Health Service (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003).
Exposure may also occur through routine use of household, garden, and veterinary insecticides containing pyrethrins. Pyrethrins are commonly found in household products used to control head and body lice, fleas on pets, and mosquitoes (HSDB, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003).
Exposure may also occur through inhalation or dermal contact from spray that drifts from nearby crop lands or through direct contact with treated plants or soil (HSDB, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

In the atmosphere, pyrethrins can exist in both vapor and particulate forms. They may be removed from air through wet and dry deposition processes (HSDB, 2006).
Pyrethrins typically photodegrade and decompose when exposed to light and they quickly oxidize when exposed to air (HSDB, 2006).
- Pyrethrin I may undergo direct photolysis, as it absorbs light with wavelengths in the environmental spectrum (HSDB, 2006).
Reactions with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals (OH) and ozone (O3) can degrade vapor-phase pyrethrins. Estimated half-lives for these two reactions are: 1.3 hours (OH) and 17 min (O3) for pyrethrin I; 1.6 hours (OH) and 27 min (O3) for pyrethrin II. Estimated rate constants for these reaction times are as follows (HSDB, 2006):
- Hydroxyl radicals:
- Ozone:

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Based on their Henry's Law constants, volatilization from water surfaces is an important environmental fate process for pyrethrin I, but less so for pyrethrin II. In both cases, volatilization rates are apt to be low, given pyrethrins' tendency to strongly adsorb to water column particulate (HSDB, 2006).
- Estimated abiotic hydrolysis half-lives are: 24 (pH 7) and 2.4 years (pH 8) for pyrethrin I; 20 (pH 7) and 2 years (pH 8) for pyrethrin II (HSDB, 2006).
- Estimated volatilization half-lives for pyrethrin I are: 26 hours in a model river (1 m deep, 1 m/sec flow, 3 m/sec wind velocity), and 18 days in a model lake (1 m deep, 0.01 m/sec flow, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec wind velocity) (HSDB, 2006).
- Exposure of an aqueous suspension of pyrethrin I to sunlight for 15 min caused the material to decompose by approximately 23.2% (HSDB, 2006).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Pyrethrins are largely immobile in soil, given organic carbon partition coefficients (Koc) of 39,000 (pyrethrin I) and 5,200 (pyrethrin II) and estimated octanol water partition coefficients (log Kow) of 5.9 (pyrethrin I) and 4.3 (pyrethrin II) (HSDB, 2006; Tomlin, 2000).
- Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is an important environmental fate process for pyrethrins, while volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not. Characterization of pyrethrin volatilization is based on vapor pressures, Henry's law constants, and their strong soil adsorption tendencies. Estimated Henry's Law constants for pyrethrins are as follows (HSDB, 2006; Tomlin, 2000):

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

In the atmosphere, pyrethrins can exist in both vapor and particulate forms given their vapor pressures. Degradation is expected to be slow for particulate forms, which can travel considerable distances before removal by wet and dry deposition (HSDB, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003).

Pyrethrin degradation in the environment is typically fast (1-2 days) and can occur via photolysis, hydrolysis, and photodegradation (HSDB, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003).

Three major metabolic reactions control pyrethrin (I and II) degradation: 1) hydrolysis of the methoxycarbonyl group; 2) oxidation of the isobutenyl group; and 3) epoxidation at the pentadienyl side chain (Krieger, 2001).

Volatilization of pyrethrins from soil and surface water is ordinarily a slow process, given their low vapor pressures and Henry's law constants. (HSDB, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003).

In soil, pyrethrins exhibit strong adsorbtion and low mobility. Uptake via plant roots is not important, based on the few data reported (HSDB, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003).

In water, pyrethrins partition quickly to suspended sediments and solids, thereby lessening their potential to volatilize (HSDB, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003).

BIODEGRADATION

Environmental microorganisms can biodegrade pyrethrin insecticides (HSDB, 2006).

Reported half-lives in soil include 8.6 days (pyrethrin I) and 3.1 days (pyrethrin II) (HSDB, 2006).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

Although they are highly toxic to fish, pyrethrins can bioconcentrate in some aquatic organisms. Pyrethrin I has a higher bioconcentration factor (BCF 160) then pyrethrin II (BCF 9) (HSDB, 2006; Tomlin, 2000).
- Some aquatic organisms can rapidly metabolize pyrethrins and thus effectively attenuate their bioconcentration potential(HSDB, 2006).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

ECOTOXICITY STUDIES

Pyrethrins are highly toxic to fish and bees. Their toxicity to mammals is generally low, due to rapid detoxification (HSDB, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003).
The carriers, solvents, inert ingredients and contaminants used in different pyrethrin formulations can substantially alter their toxicity (HSDB, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003).

ECOTOXICITY VALUES

AMPHIBIANS

LD50 - FROG (Parenteral): 0.66 mg/kg (mixture of pyrethrin I and II) (HSDB, 2006)
LD50 - FROG (Injection): 0.75 mg/kg; 0.80 mg/kg (pyrethrins) (HSDB, 2006)

BIRDS

LD50 - MALLARD (Oral), 1-4 months, female: >10,000 mg/kg - (pyrethrum) (HSDB, 2006)
LD50 - MALLARD (Oral), 3-4 months, female: >10,000 mg/kg - sample purity 20% (pyrethrum) (HSDB, 2006)

FISH

LC50 - ATLANTIC SALMON (Salmo salar): 40 mcg/L for 96H at 7 degrees C -- static test ; 95%CL=30-53 mcg/L (pyrethrum) (HSDB, 2006)
LC50 - BLUEGILL (Lepomis macrochirus): 58 mcg/L for 96H at 22 degrees C -- static test, no aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, hardness 40-50 mg/L as CaCO3, alkalinity 30-35 mg/L; 95%CL=52-65 mcg/L (pyrethrum) (HSDB, 2006)
LC50 - BLUEGILL (Lepomis macrochirus): 49 mcg/L for 96H (static test); and 104 mcg/L for 96H (flow-through test) -- calculated value; 20% active ingredient in test formulation (pyrethrins) (Verschueren, 2001)
LC50 - BROWN SALMON (Salmo trutta): 50 mcg/L for 96H at 12 degrees C -- static test; 95%CL=44-57 mcg/L (pyrethrum) (HSDB, 2006)
LC50 - CHANNEL CATFISH (Ictalarus punctatus): 9.0 mcg/L for 96H at 18 degrees C -- static test, no aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, hardness 40-50 mg/L as CaCO3, alkalinity 30-35 mg/L; 95%CL=6.7-12 mcg/L (pyrethrins)(HSDB, 2006)
LC50 - CHANNEL CATFISH (Ictalarus punctatus): 114 mcg/L for 96H (static test); 132 mcg/L for 96H (flow through test) -- calculated value; 20% active ingredient in test formulation (pyrethrins) (HSDB, 2006; Verschueren, 2001)
LC50 - COHO SALMON (Oncorhynchus kisutch): 42 mcg/L for 96H at 12 degrees --static test; 95%CL=35-50 mcg/L; and 28 mcg/L for 96H at 12 degrees C -- flow through test, hard water (314 ppm CaCO3); 95%CL=18-30 mcg/L (pyrethrum) (HSDB, 2006)
LC50 - COHO SALMON (Oncorhynchus kisutch): 39 mcg/L for 96H (static test); and 23 mcg/L for 96H (flow through test) --- calculated value; 20% active ingredient in test formulation (pyrethrins) (Verschueren, 2001)
LC50 - LAKE TROUT (Silvelinus namaycush): 37 mcg/L for 96H at 12 degrees C -- static test; 95%CL=32-44 mcg/L (pyrethrum) (HSDB, 2006)
LC50 - RAINBOW TROUT: 56 ppb for 24H -- unspecified test conditions (pyrethrins) (HSDB, 2006; Verschueren, 2001)
LC50 - RAINBOW TROUT: 52 mcg/L for 96H -- static test (pyrethrins) (Verschueren, 2001)
LC50 - STEELHEAD TROUT: 25 mcg/L for 96H (static test); 23 mcg/L for 96H (flow-through test) -- calculated value; 20% active ingredient in test formulation (pyrethrins) (Verschueren, 2001)
LC50 - YELLOW PERCH (Perca flavescens): <50 mcg/L for 96H (static test); and 45 mcg/L for 96H (flow-through test) -- calculated value; 20% active ingredient in test formulation (pyrethrins) (Verschueren, 2001)

INVERTEBRATES

LC50 - AMPHIPOD (Gammarus lacustris): 12 mcg/L for 96H -- unspecified test conditions (pyrethrins) (HSDB, 2006; Verschueren, 2001)
LC50 - SCUD (Gammarus fasciatus) 1.4 mcg/L for 96H at 15 degrees C -- static test; 95%CL=0.9-2.12 mcg/L (pyrethrum) (HSDB, 2006)
LC50 - STONEFLY (Pteronarcys californica): 1.0 mcg/L for 96H -- unspecified test conditions (pyrethrum) (HSDB, 2006)
LC50 - WATER FLEA (Daphnia pulex): 25 mcg/L for 48H -- unspecified test conditions (pyrethrum) (HSDB, 2006)
LC50 - WATER FLEA (Simocephalus serrulatus): 42 mcg/L for 48H -- unspecified test conditions (pyrethrins) (HSDB, 2006)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

Reported molecular weights are as follows (HSDB, 2006; NIOSH, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003):

Cinerin I: 316.4
Cinerin II: 360.4
Jasmolin I: 330.5
Jasmolin II: 357.7
Pyrethrin I: 328.5
Pyrethrin II: 372.5
Pyrethrum: 316 to 374

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Pyrethrins are generally brown or tan in color. Their various physcial forms include viscous liquid (pyrethrin I and II, cinerin II), viscous oil (cinerin II), solid, and dust. They readily oxidize and are unstable in light and air (HSDB, 2006; NIOSH, 2006; Pohanish, 2002; Krieger, 2001; Lewis, 2001).

Pyrethrum's unrefined extract is a mobile oil; the refined extract is a liquid. Its color ranges from an unrefined dark greenish brown to a refined pale yellow. The powdered ground flowers are tan (HSDB, 2006).

VAPOR PRESSURE

Reported values include (HSDB, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003; Tomlin, 2000):

Cinerin I: 1.1x10(-6) mmHg (at 25 degrees C)
Cinerin II: 4.6x10(-7) mmHg (at 25 degrees C)
Jasmolin I: 4.8x10(-7) mmHg (at 25 degrees C)
Jasmolin II: 1.9x10(-7) mmHg (at 25 degrees C)
Pyrethrin I: 2.03x10(-5) mmHg (at 25 degrees C/ or unspecified); 2.7 mPa
Pyrethrin II: 3.98x10(-7) mmHg (at 25 degrees C/ or unspecified); 5.3x10(-2) mPa
Pyrethrum: 0 torr at 20 degrees C

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

pyrethrin I: 1.51 g/cm(3) (at 18 degrees C) (HSDB, 2006)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

Other reported values are as follows (HSDB, 2006; Tomlin, 2000; NIOSH, 2006; OHM/TADS, 2006):
- Pyrethrum (oleoresin crude): 0.9 g/cm(3)
- Pyrethrum: 0.84-0.86 g/cm(3) (25% pale extract)
- Pyrethrum: approximately 1 g/cm(3)
- Pyrethrin I and II: >1 g/cm(3)

BOILING POINT

Reported values include (CHRIS, 2006; HSDB, 2006; OHM/TADS, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003; Lewis, 2000a):

Pyrethrin I

146-150 degrees C (at 0.0005 mm Hg)
170 degrees C (at 1 atm; 0.1 mm Hg with decomposition); 338 degrees F

Pyrethrin II

192-193 degrees C (at 0.007 mm Hg)
200 degrees C (at 0.1 mm Hg, with decomposition); 392 degrees F (at 1 atm)

Cinerin I

136-138 degrees C (at 0.008 mm Hg)
137 degrees C; 279 degrees F (at 1 atm)
200 degrees C (0.1 mmg Hg)

Cinerin II

182-184 degrees C (at 0.001 mm Hg)
183 degrees C; 361 degrees F (at 1 atm)
200 degrees C (0.1 mmg Hg)

FLASH POINT

Reported values include: (HSDB, 2006; NIOSH, 2006; Meister, 2003; Pohanish, 2002):

Pyrethrins (pyrethrum): 76 degrees C
Pyrethrins: 160 degrees F
Pyrethrum: 180-190 degrees F
Pyrethrum: 82-88 degrees C (open cup); 180-190 degrees F (closed cup)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Pyrethrins are largely insoluble in water. Reported values include (HSDB, 2006; OHM/TADS, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003; Budavari, 2001; Tomlin, 2000):

Cinerin I: insoluble
Cinerin II: insoluble
Jasmolin I: 0.03 mg/L
Jasmolin II: 0.09 mg/L
Pyrethrin I: 0.2 mg/L (temperature not specified)
Pyrethrin II: 9.0 mg/L (temperature not specified)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Pyrethrins are characteristically soluble in organic solvents (e.g., hydrocarbons, aromatics, alcohols, estsers) including: alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dichloride, kerosene, nitromethane, petroleum ether, and diethyl ether (HSDB, 2006; Budavari, 2001; Tomlin, 2000).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

Reported Log Kow values include (HSDB, 2006; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003; Tomlin, 2000):

Cinerin I: 5.93
Cinerin II: 4.98
Jasmolin I: 6.42
Jasmolin II: 5.47
Pyrethrin I: 5.9
Pyrethrin II: 4.3

HENRY'S CONSTANT

Reported values (at 25 degrees C) include (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2003):

Cinerin I: 9.6x10(-7) atm-m(3)/mol
Cinerin II: 9.2x10(-10) atm-m(3)/mol
Jasmolin I: 1.3x10(-6) atm-m(3)/mol
Jasmolin II: 1.2x10(-9) atm-m(3)/mol
Pyrethrin I: 7.7x10(-7) atm-m(3)/mol
Pyrethrin II: 7.4x10(-10) atm-m(3)/mol

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

Pyrethrins have the characteristic odor of the carrier or solvent (HSDB, 2006).

INDEX OF REFRACTION

Pyrethrin values (at 20 degrees C/D) include (HSDB, 2006; Budavari, 2001):

Cinerin I: 1.5064
Cinerin II: 1.5183
Pyrethrin I: 1.5242
Pyrethrin I: 1.5192 (at 18 degrees C/D)
Pyrethrin II: 1.5355

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

40 CFR 372.28: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Lower thresholds for chemicals of special concern. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO). Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

49 CFR 172.101 - App. B: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials, Appendix B: List of Marine Pollutants. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 29, 2005.

49 CFR 172.101: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 11, 2005.

62 FR 58840: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 1997.

65 FR 14186: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 39264: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 77866: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents