PROPYLTHIOURACIL

Propylthiouracil blocks the production of thyroid hormones and is considered second-line drug therapy in adults for hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease or toxic multinodular goiter except in patients who are intolerant of methimazole or surgery, or if radioactive iodine therapy is not appropriate (Prod Info propylthiouracil oral tablets, 2011).

FORMS

Propylthiouracil is available in 50 mg tablets (Prod Info propylthiouracil oral tablets, 2011).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

USES: Propylthiouracil is indicated for treatment of Grave disease with hyperthyroidism or toxic multinodular goiter in patients who are intolerant to methimazole and are not candidates for surgery or radioactive iodine therapy. It may be used to lessen symptoms of hyperthyroidism in preparation for surgery or radioactive iodine therapy in patients intolerant of methimazole.

PHARMACOLOGY: Propylthiouracil is a thiocarbamide compound that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormones as an effective therapy for hyperthyroidism. However, it neither affects the stored thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the thyroid or bloodstream, nor interferes with the thyroid hormone activity when administered orally or parenterally.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Overdose is rare.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

Very little data are available on the effects of acute overdose. Nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, headache, fever, arthralgia, pruritus, edema, pancytopenia, and agranulocytosis may occur with overdose. Other rare effects include exfoliative dermatitis, hepatitis, neuropathies, or CNS simulation or depression. Chronic overdose may result in clinical hypothyroidism. Decreased T3 and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels were the only effects seen after a massive overdose in a 12-year-old girl.

WITH THERAPEUTIC USE

Adverse effects following the therapeutic use of propylthiouracil include rash, urticaria, nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, arthralgia, paresthesias, loss of taste, taste perversion, abnormal loss of hair, myalgia, headache, pruritus, drowsiness, neuritis, edema, vertigo, skin pigmentation, jaundice, sialadenopathy, and lymphadenopathy. Serious adverse effects include liver injury, hepatitis, liver failure, agranulocytosis, granulopenia, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, drug fever, a lupus-like syndrome (including splenomegaly and vasculitis), hepatitis, periarteritis, hypoprothrombinemia, nephritis, glomerulonephritis, interstitial pneumonitis, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema nodosum, and vasculitis syndrome. Vasculitis syndrome associated with the presence of anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) is manifested as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (crescentic and pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis), and may cause acute renal failure, pulmonary infiltrates or alveolar hemorrhage, skin ulcers, and leukocytoclastic vasculitis.

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

SUMMARY

PHARMACOLOGY: Propylthiouracil is a thiocarbamide compound that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormones as an effective therapy for hyperthyroidism. However, it neither affects the stored thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the thyroid or bloodstream, nor interferes with the thyroid hormone activity when administered orally or parenterally.
EPIDEMIOLOGY: Overdose is rare.
OVERDOSE

Very little data are available on the effects of acute overdose. Nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, headache, fever, arthralgia, pruritus, edema, pancytopenia, and agranulocytosis may occur with overdose. Other rare effects include exfoliative dermatitis, hepatitis, neuropathies, or CNS simulation or depression. Chronic overdose may result in clinical hypothyroidism. Decreased T3 and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels were the only effects seen after a massive overdose in a 12-year-old girl.

ADVERSE EFFECTS

Adverse effects following the therapeutic use of propylthiouracil include rash, urticaria, nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, arthralgia, paresthesias, loss of taste, taste perversion, abnormal loss of hair, myalgia, headache, pruritus, drowsiness, neuritis, edema, vertigo, skin pigmentation, jaundice, sialadenopathy, and lymphadenopathy. Serious adverse effects include liver injury, hepatitis, liver failure, agranulocytosis, granulopenia, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, drug fever, a lupus-like syndrome (including splenomegaly and vasculitis), hepatitis, periarteritis, hypoprothrombinemia, nephritis, glomerulonephritis, interstitial pneumonitis, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema nodosum, and vasculitis syndrome. Vasculitis syndrome associated with the presence of anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) is manifested as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (crescentic and pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis), and may cause acute renal failure, pulmonary infiltrates or alveolar hemorrhage, skin ulcers, and leukocytoclastic vasculitis.

DERMATOLOGIC

SKIN RASHES and urticaria may develop during therapeutic use (Prod Info propylthiouracil oral tablets, 2012).
CUTANEOUS HYPERSENSITIVITY VASCULITIS is an immune-mediated adverse reaction to propylthiouracil. The duration of therapy has ranged from 6 weeks to 48 months (Reidy et al, 1982; Vasily & Tyler, 1980).
Lupus-like dermatologic symptoms may be seen (Berkman et al, 1983; Horton et al, 1989).
OVERDOSE: Pruritus, exfoliative dermatitis, and edema may occur with overdose (Prod Info propylthiouracil oral tablets, 2012).

ENDOCRINE

Ingestions of 200 to 800 mg of propylthiouracil have produced an increase in reverse T3 and a decrease in T3 levels lasting 4 and 9 hours, respectively (Laurberg & Weeke, 1981).
Chronic overdose may result in clinical hypothyroidism.

FLUID ELECTROLYTE

HYPOCALCEMIA: CASE REPORT: Hypocalcemia accompanied agranulocytosis in a 28-year-old woman who received propylthiouracil 300 mg/day for 5 days (Shambaugh et al, 1979).

GASTROINTESTINAL

Nausea, vomiting, and epigastric distress may occur with overdose (Prod Info propylthiouracil oral tablets, 2012).

GENITOURINARY

Nephritis and glomerulonephritis have been associated with therapeutic use (Prod Info propylthiouracil oral tablets, 2012; Cassorla et al, 1983).
CASE REPORT: Menstruation and breast enlargement were seen in a 2-1/2-year-old girl taking propylthiouracil 25 mg three times a day for ten months. Resolution of symptoms occurred when therapy was reinstituted at a lower dose (Sadeghi-Nejad & Senior, 1971).

HEENT

CASE REPORT: Sensorineural hearing loss was reported following chronic propylthiouracil therapy in a 12-year-old girl. Systemic lupus erythematosus was also present. Hearing normalized within 3 weeks of discontinuation of propylthiouracil (Smith & Spaulding, 1972).

HEMATOLOGIC

Chronic ingestion of therapeutic doses of propylthiouracil has been associated with agranulocytosis and leukopenia. It is potentially the most serious effect reported with therapy (Prod Info propylthiouracil oral tablets, 2012; Valenta et al, 1981).

This is most likely immunologically mediated (Guffy et al, 1984; Toth et al, 1988), but direct bone marrow toxicity cannot be excluded. It does not appear to be a dose-related reaction.

Aplastic anemia and leukopenia may occur following therapeutic use of propylthiouracil (Prod Info propylthiouracil oral tablets, 2012).
Agranulocytosis and pancytopenia may occur with overdose (Prod Info propylthiouracil oral tablets, 2012).
CASE REPORT: Disseminated intravascular coagulation was reported in a 16-year-old girl receiving propylthiouracil 75 to 150 mg/day for 2 years (Sammon et al, 1971).

HEPATOLOGIC

Liver injury resulting in hepatitis, liver failure, a need for liver transplantation or death have been reported in patients receiving propylthiouracil (Prod Info propylthiouracil oral tablets, 2012).
Hepatitis may rarely occur with overdose (Prod Info propylthiouracil oral tablets, 2012).

IMMUNOLOGIC

Immunosuppression may occur secondary to neutropenia (Kornberg et al, 1985).
A lupus-like syndrome may occur with therapeutic use; drug-dependent autoantibodies have been implicated (Berkman et al, 1983; Horton et al, 1989).
Blood dyscrasias are thought to result from production of drug-dependent, granulocytotoxic antibodies, possibly IgM (Guffy et al, 1984; Toth et al, 1988).

MUSCULOSKELETAL

Arthritis as well as polymyositis, synovitis, arthralgias, and an SLE-like syndrome may be seen with therapeutic use (Oh et al, 1983; Horton et al, 1989; Berkman et al, 1983; Werner et al, 1989).
Arthralgia may occur with overdose (Prod Info propylthiouracil oral tablets, 2012).
Osteomyelitis occurred in one case, probably secondary to propylthiouracil-induced immunosuppression (Kornberg et al, 1985).

NEUROLOGIC

Headache, neuropathies, and CNS stimulation or depression may occur with overdose (Prod Info propylthiouracil oral tablets, 2012).

RESPIRATORY

Hemoptysis and pulmonary cavitary lesions have been reported with chronic use (Cassorla et al, 1983; Houston et al, 1979).
Adult respiratory distress-like syndrome has been associated with propylthiouracil therapy (Chevrolet et al, 1991).
Exertional dyspnea, hypoxemia, cough, and productive sputum have been noted with therapeutic use (Miyazono et al, 1984).

VITAL SIGNS

FEVER may occur with overdose (Prod Info propylthiouracil oral tablets, 2012).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

Chronic overdose of propylthiouracil, or chronic exposure to lower doses in the absence of underlying hyperthyroidism, would be expected to depress thyroid function and result in hypothyroidism.

WITH THERAPEUTIC USE

Propylthiouracil is usually given therapeutically in chronic dosing regimens lasting 6 months to 3 years; typical dose is 75 to 100 mg every 8 hours, but daily doses up to 1200 mg may be required (HSDB , 1996; Rakel, 1988; AMA, 1986).
Chronic ingestion of propylthiouracil can produce immunological reactions including agranulocytosis, aplastic and hemolytic anemia, vasculitis, pleuritis, lupus-like syndrome, arthritis, and hepatitis.
In the blood system, agranulocytosis and leukopenia have occurred with chronic use of propylthiouracil (Chen et al, 1983; (Valenta et al, 1981; Fibbe et al, 1986; Guffy et al, 1984; Ostlere & Apthorp, 1988; Toth et al, 1988; Shambaugh et al, 1979). Agranulocytosis is the most serious reaction and can develop rapidly (Prod Info propylthiouracil oral tablets, 2002); incidence may be as high as 1.4%. Symptoms are sore throat and/or fever, and oral ulcers (HSDB , 1996; Toth et al, 1988).
Milder leukopenias occur more frequently (HSDB , 1996). Symptoms of reaction to chronic exposure include, but may not be limited to, a mild, papular, sometimes purpuric rash, pain and stiffness in the joints, headache, paresthesias, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dizziness, drowsiness, loss of taste, and loss of pigmentation in hair (HSDB , 1996).
Agranulocytosis is thought to be mediated through an immunological mechanism because it does not appear to be dose-related; granulocytotoxic antibodies, possibly IgM, may be involved (Guffy et al, 1984; Toth et al, 1988). The fatality rate is approximately 10% (Cooper et al, 1983).
Other effects include hypoprothrombinemia, factor VI deficiency, eosinophilia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, and immunosuppression (HSDB , 1996; Gotta et al, 1972; Pacini et al, 1982; Sammon et al, 1971; Berkman et al, 1983; Ikeda & Schweiss, 1982; Martelo et al, 1967; Breese & Solomon, 1975; Kornberg et al, 1985).
Reversible hearing loss, with or without lupus erythematosus, has been reported in 2 females administered chronic propylthiouracil treatment (Smith & Spaulding, 1972; Fong et al, 1991).
Adult respiratory distress syndrome, productive cough, hemoptysis (bloody sputum), and pulmonary lesions have been produced in patients administered chronic propylthiouracil therapy (Cassorla et al, 1983; Houston et al, 1979; Chevrolet et al, 1991; Miyazono et al, 1984).
The liver is a major target organ for chronic propylthiouracil toxicity. A characteristic hepatitis with elevated transaminase levels appears 2 weeks to 5 months after initiation of treatment (Cofre et al, 1986; Hayashida et al, 1990; Kirkland, 1990; Levy, 1993). Fatal hepatic necrosis has been reported (Limaye & Ruffolo, 1987). Hepatitis followed by cirrhosis developed in one case after 1 year of propylthiouracil therapy (Ozenirler et al, 1996).

Subclinical hepatotoxicity, indicated by elevated serum transaminase levels, occurred in 28% of patients receiving propylthiouracil in a prospective study (Liaw et al, 1993). This hepatocellular necrosis is also thought to be a hypersensitivity reaction (Vitug & Goldman, 1985).
Cholestatic hepatitis with normal transaminase levels has also been seen in a 33-year-old woman who received 300 mg/day for 2 weeks (Seidman et al, 1986).

Nephritis has occurred with therapeutic use of propylthiouracil (Cassorla et al, 1983).
Hypersensitivity vasculitis is another immune-mediated reaction to propylthiouracil, and has occurred after 6 weeks to 48 months of therapy (Reidy et al, 1982; Vasily & Tyler, 1980). Vasculitis involves purpuric or bullous hemorrhagic lesions which may evolve into necrotic ulcers (Carrasco et al, 1987). Other dermal effects include lupus-like symptoms (Berkman et al, 1983; Horton et al, 1989).
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies may appear with or without concurrent cutaneous vasculitis in propylthiouracil therapy. The antibodies were associated with crescentic glomerulonephritis in 2 patients and disappeared after discontinuation of treatment and with corticosteroid therapy (Yuasa et al, 1996).
Arthritis has been reported, as well as polymyositis, synovitis, arthralgias, and a lupus-like syndrome with therapeutic propylthiouracil use (Oh et al, 1983; Horton et al, 1989; Berkman et al, 1983; Shergy & Caldwell, 1988; Werner et al, 1989). Eosinophilic pleuritis has been reported in one case (Middleton et al, 1993).
One case of spinal osteomyelitis has been seen; this was probably secondary to immunosuppression (Kornberg et al, 1985). Alopecia is also a rare complication (Prod Info propylthiouracil oral tablets, 2002). Peripheral neuropathy has been reported in a woman receiving propylthiouracil treatment for Graves' disease (Van Boekel et al, 1992).

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

CHARCOAL DOSE

Use a minimum of 240 milliliters of water per 30 grams charcoal (FDA, 1985). Optimum dose not established; usual dose is 25 to 100 grams in adults and adolescents; 25 to 50 grams in children aged 1 to 12 years (or 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram body weight) ; and 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram in infants up to 1 year old (Chyka et al, 2005).

Routine use of a cathartic with activated charcoal is NOT recommended as there is no evidence that cathartics reduce drug absorption and cathartics are known to cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances and occasionally hypotension (None Listed, 2004).

ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS

Complications: emesis, aspiration (Chyka et al, 2005). Aspiration may be complicated by acute respiratory failure, ARDS, bronchiolitis obliterans or chronic lung disease (Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002; Pollack et al, 1981; Harris & Filandrinos, 1993; Elliot et al, 1989; Rau et al, 1988; Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002). Refer to the ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/TREATMENT management for further information.
Contraindications: unprotected airway (increases risk/severity of aspiration) , nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tract, uncontrolled vomiting, and ingestion of most hydrocarbons (Chyka et al, 2005).

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

CASE REPORTS

Acute ingestion of 5 to 13 grams resulted in an uneventful outcome in a 12-year-old (Jackson et al, 1979).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS51-52-5 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 2B ; Listed as: Propylthiouracil

2B : The agent (mixture) is possibly carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are possibly carcinogenic to humans. This category is used for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. It may also be used when there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. In some instances, an agent, mixture or exposure circumstance for which there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but limited evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals together with supporting evidence from other relevant data may be placed in this group.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS51-52-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

ANIMAL DATA
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS51-52-5 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS51-52-5 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS51-52-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS51-52-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS51-52-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS51-52-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS51-52-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS51-52-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS51-52-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS51-52-5 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS51-52-5 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS51-52-5 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: 4(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 2,3-dihydro-6-propyl-2-thioxo-

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS51-52-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 51-52-5.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS51-52-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS51-52-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS51-52-5 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS51-52-5 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS51-52-5 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS51-52-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

170.23 (Prod Info propylthiouracil oral tablets, 2002)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

This compound exists as a white, bitter, crystalline powder, with a starch-like appearance (HSDB , 2000) that is very slightly soluble in water (Prod Info propylthiouracil oral tablets, 2002).

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

40 CFR 372.28: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Lower thresholds for chemicals of special concern. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO). Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

49 CFR 172.101 - App. B: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials, Appendix B: List of Marine Pollutants. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 29, 2005.

62 FR 58840: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 1997.

65 FR 14186: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 39264: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 77866: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

66 FR 21940: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2001.

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