PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a sweet or mild ether-like odor. This compound is used in solvent-sealing of cellophane and as a solvent for cellulose esters, coatings, dyes, inks, stains and acrylics (ACGIH, 1991; HSDB , 1999; Lewis, 1996; Sittig, 1991).
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether is primarily used in the manufacturing of paints and lacquers. It is also used in water-based and solvent-based coating formulations; as a solvent for pesticide formulations; and as a chemical intermediate for esterification reactions (HSDB , 1999).
This compound is used in industrial and household cleaning solutions (grease and carbon removers; ink removers; paint, varnish, and silicone removers; glass cleaners; hard surface cleaners; rug cleaners; spotting fluids; metal cleaners; and dry cleaning soaps) (HSDB , 1999).
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether is used as a base in antifreezes for industrial and heavy-duty diesel engines (HSDB , 1999).

FORMS

Commercially produced propylene glycol monomethyl ether contains 95% to 99% of alpha (1-methoxy-2-propanol) isomer and 1% to 5% of beta (2-methoxy-1-propanol) isomer (ACGIH, 1991; HSDB , 1999).
Impurities found in propylene glycol monomethyl ether may include up to 3% of 2-methoxy-1-propanol, 0.1% water and 0.01% acetic acid (HSDB , 1999).

SOURCES

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether is manufactured by direct alkylation of propylene glycol using an alkalating agent in the presence of an alkali; also, by reacting propylene oxide, an alcohol (methanol), and a catalyst (HSDB , 1999).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether may be irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. CNS impairment and depression, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur. Shallow breathing, decreased blood pressure, atrial arrhythmias, and death due to seizures have been noted in experimental animals. Exposure to very high concentrations may cause lung, liver, and kidney damage.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin.
Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

There have been no permanently harmful effects reported in PGME-exposed humans (Clayton & Clayton, 1982). The primary effect is CNS depression and anesthesia (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).

Commercial PGME has relatively low oral toxicity, is transiently painful when splashed in the eyes, and is not appreciably irritating to the skin. Toxic amounts can be absorbed through the skin, however (Clayton & Clayton, 1982). The hazard of inhalation exposure is considered to be low, as acutely toxic concentrations are intolerable due to eye irritation (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).

In one study, all the human volunteers experienced a rapid development of odor tolerance; therefore, odor cannot be considered a good warning property (Clayton & Clayton, 1982). In another study, human subjects were exposed to PGME at airborne concentrations of 50 to 2,050 ppm. At all concentrations greater than 100 ppm, subjects judged the odor to be irritating, with tolerance increasing over time. Exposure to 300 ppm for 5 minutes irritated the eyes, nose, and throat. At 750 ppm, the vapor was extremely irritating (Stewart, 1970).

PGME was a mild eye irritant in rabbits and was absorbed through the skin in toxic amounts (Clayton & Clayton, 1982). Rabbits with dermal absorption of PGME had narcosis and increased mortality at doses of 7 and 10 mL/kg (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).

PGME may be metabolized differently than its more toxic homolog, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Major urinary metabolites in rats were propylene glycol and PGME sulfate and glucuronide conjugates (Miller et al, 1983).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Repeated oral doses of PGME caused enlarged livers in rats and kidney damage in rats and dogs (Clayton & Clayton, 1982). A 9-day inhalation study found no gross changes in rats and mice exposed to airborne concentrations of up to 3,000 ppm (Miller, 1981). Experimental animals have developed a rapid tolerance to inhalation exposure (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).

Toxic concentrations have been found to be close to saturation values, and are sufficiently irritating such that they have not been tolerated voluntarily. For these reasons, the hazard of vapor exposure may be less than that of many other common solvents (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
DERMAL EXPOSURE - Wash the contaminated skin with water.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, respiratory system, and central nervous system (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).

GENERAL -

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water. Because of the potential for rapid onset of CNS depression or seizures with possible aspiration of gastric contents, EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED. Cautious gastric lavage followed by administration of activated charcoal may be of benefit if the patient is seen soon after the exposure.

INHALATION EXPOSURE -

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE -

Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation or CNS depression, DO NOT induce emesis.
Significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns may occur following ingestion. The possible benefit of early removal of some ingested material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed against potential complications of bleeding or perforation.
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue).

Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years).
Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia.

Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

ADULT

Probable oral lethal dosage for a 70kg (150lb) human is 0.5 to 5g or 1oz to 1pint (1lb). "Toxicity ratings followed by interrogation points are based on obviously inadequate data; some represent no more than guesses" (HSDB , 1999).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS107-98-2 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: 1-Methoxy-2-propanol (PGME)
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Assessed under the IRIS program. ; Listed as: Propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME)
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS107-98-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD:

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC: 2 mg/m3

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

TOXICITY VALUES

ALPHA ISOMER References: Lewis, 1996 Hathaway, 1997; Clayton & Clayton, 1994 ITI, 1988;) ACGIH, 1991 RTECS, 1999
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
BETA ISOMER References: Lewis, 1996 Hathaway, 1997; Clayton & Clayton, 1994 ITI, 1988;) ACGIH, 1991 RTECS, 1999
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
SPECIFIC FORM NOT LISTED References: Lewis, 1996 Hathaway, 1997; Clayton & Clayton, 1994 ITI, 1988;) ACGIH, 1991 RTECS, 1999
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)GUINEA_PIG:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)RABBIT:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)DOG:
- LD50- (ORAL)DOG:
- LD50- (INHALATION)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:
- LDLo- (ORAL)RAT:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)GUINEA_PIG:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)HUMAN:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)PRIMATE:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)RABBIT:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- TDLo- (SKIN)RABBIT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS

1 ppm = 3.68 mg/m(3) (at 25 degrees C, 760 mmHg) (HSDB , 1999)

1mg/L = 272 ppm (at 25 degrees C, 760 mmHg) (HSDB , 1999)
1 ppm = 3.69 mg/m(3) (at 68 degrees F, 760 mmHg) (NIOSH , 1999)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS107-98-2 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

1-Methoxy-2-propanol (PGME)

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 100 ppm
TLV-STEL: 150 ppm
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Eye irr; CNS impair
Molecular Weight: 90.12

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS107-98-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS107-98-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
REL:

TWA: 100 ppm (360 mg/m(3))
STEL: 150 ppm (540 mg/m(3))
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH: Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS107-98-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS107-98-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS107-98-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS107-98-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS107-98-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS107-98-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS107-98-2 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS107-98-2 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS107-98-2 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: 2-Propanol, 1-methoxy-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 3092 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: 1-Methoxy-2-propanol

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN3092
Packing Group: III

III: Packing Group III - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is minor.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3

3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions: B1, IB3, T2, TP1

B1: If the material has a flash point at or above 38 °C (100 °F) and below 93 °C (200 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.241 of this subchapter are applicable. If the material has a flash point of less than 38 °C (100 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.242 of this subchapter are applicable.
IB3: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1 and 31HA2, 31HB2, 31HN2, 31HD2 and 31HH2). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130 kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized, except for UN2672 (also see Special Provision IP8 in Table 3 for UN2672).
T2: Minimum test pressure (bar): 1.5; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 150
Non-bulk packaging: 203
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 60 L
Cargo aircraft only: 220 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN3092 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: 1-Methoxy-2-propanol
UN Number: 3092

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS107-98-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 1

(1) Slightly toxic material. May cause irritation, but only minor residual injury even without treatment. Recognized innocuous materials when used with responsible care.

Flammability Rating (Red): 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 0

(0) Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Personnel responsible for handling the compound must be able to recognize propylene glycol monomethyl ether odor and respond quickly, because odor tolerance develops rapidly. (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

In a controlled experiment, human volunteers all reported experiencing a rapid development of odor tolerance, this means that unless immediate action is taken when the objectionable odor is first noticed, odor can cannot be relied upon to prevent hazardous exposure. Propylene glycol monomethyl ether vapors are considered to have adequate warning properties because the odor is readily detected and is objectionable (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

Wear proper chemical protective clothing, gloves, boots and goggles, and avoid breathing vapors (AAR, 1996; (HSDB , 1999).

HANDLING

Do not attempt to handle broken or leaking containers of propylene glycol monomethyl ether without wearing appropriate protective equipment (AAR, 1996).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether should be stored in cool, well-ventilated areas in tightly closed containers. It should not be stored near bromine, chlorine, fluorine or any other strong oxidizers (Sittig, 1991).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether should be stored in cool, well-ventilated areas in tightly closed containers (Sittig, 1991).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

This compound is incompatible with perchloric and sulfuric acid, isocyanates and is explosive with air (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether reacts with oxidizing materials and strong acids (HSDB , 1999; NIOSH , 1999).
- It should not be stored near bromine, chlorine, fluorine or any other strong oxidizers (Sittig, 1991).
Store away from all sources of ignition, especially flames and sparks (AAR, 1996).
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether is hygroscopic, which means it absorbs moisture from air. During prolonged storage, absorption of moisture may cause this compound to form reactive peroxides (HSDB , 1999; NIOSH , 1999).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Wear proper chemical protective clothing, gloves, boots and goggles, and avoid breathing vapors (AAR, 1996).

For full eye and face protection, wear a full facepiece with respirator (Sittig, 1991).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

For potential exposures of 100 ppm or greater, one should use a respirator that has an organic vapor cartridge/canister and is MSHA/NIOSH approved. Using a full facepiece rather than a half-mask provides better protection and even more protection comes from using an powered-air purifying respirator (Sittig, 1991).

Where the possibility for high exposure exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator in positive pressure mode in conjunction with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet on continuous flow. Another option is to use an approved self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece and in positive pressure mode (Sittig, 1991).

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 107-98-2.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Butyl 878

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Natural Rubber

Best Manufacturing

Original Nitty Gritty

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested under limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested under limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Neoprene

Best Manufacturing

Chloroflex 723

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Neoprene 6780 Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Ultraflex Neoprene 32

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Neoprene+NatR

Best Manufacturing

Chem Master CHM

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Nitrile

Best Manufacturing

N-DEX 8005

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Nitri-Solve 727

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Ultimate N-Dex 9905

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Ultraflex Nitrile 22R

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 230
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 230
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Stansolv/A-10

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 111
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 52
Notes: 99.50%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Marigold Industrial

315F

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 125
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <100
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

326Y

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 65
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <100
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

368R

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 169
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <100
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

CO7B

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

CR30

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

G12T

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 63
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <100
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

ME104

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 338
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <100
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

U263B/G

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 273
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <100
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

US:173 / CAN:459

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 165
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <100
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

US:414 / CAN:454

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 59
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <100
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

Nitrile+PVC

Best Manufacturing

Hustler 725R

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 96
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 114
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 112
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 13
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Plastic Laminate

North -- Safety 4H

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 35 degrees C; 95 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 21 degrees C; 70 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)

Viton over Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Viton #890

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 165
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 20
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: Tested with limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 165
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 20
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: Tested with limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

Best Manufacturing 579 Edison Street Menlo, GA 30731 USA Phone: (706) 862-2302 Fax: (706) 862-6000 Toll-Free: (800) 241-0323 Website: http://www.bestglove.com Email: USA@bestglove.com
MAPA Spontex, Inc. 100 Spontex Dr. Columbia, TN 38401 USA Phone: (800) 537--2897 Fax: (800) 537--3299 Website: http://www.mapaglove.com Email: sales@mapaglove.com
Marigold Industrial 3585 Engineering Drive Suite 200 Box 926090 Norcross, GA 30092 USA Phone: (800) 733-0987 Fax: (800) 786-4564 Toll-Free: (800) 733-0987 Website: http://www.marigoldindustrial.com
North -- Safety 4H 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.safety4.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS107-98-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether
Flammability Rating: 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane or nitroethane.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use straight streams.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS107-98-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether
Extinguishing Method(s): 1

1: "Water may be ineffective" applies to a situation where materials with a flash point below 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C) are burning. Water will only be effective if used by experienced fire fighters under favorable conditions. Even though water may not put the fire out, it can be used to protect equipment and structures.

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether is explosive when mixed with air (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether emits irritating fumes and acrid smoke when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1996).

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether vapor may explode on ignition in an enclosed space and flames may easily travel along a vapor trail (CHRIS , 1999).

At high concentrations, propylene glycol monomethyl ether vapors have an unpleasant odor and cause moderate irritation (CHRIS , 1999).

Acutely toxic concentrations of propylene glycol monomethyl ether vapor are virtually intolerable to humans, therefore the hazard associated with inhalation of propylene glycol monomethyl ether is low (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether is explosive when mixed with air (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether reacts with oxidizing materials and strong acids (HSDB , 1999).

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether is hygroscopic, which means it absorbs moisture from air. During prolonged storage, absorption of moisture may cause this compound to form reactive peroxides (HSDB , 1999; NIOSH , 1999).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

Personnel not wearing protective clothing should be restricted from the area of a spill or leak until completion of clean-up (Sittig, 1991).

All personnel should be moved upwind of the leak or spill (AAR, 1996).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS107-98-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS107-98-2 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Propylene glycol monomethyl ether (UCAR TRIOL HG-170)
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 100
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 150
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 150
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 1,250
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS107-98-2 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS107-98-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
In cases of spilled or leaking containers of the compound, ventilate area and use vermiculite, sand, earth or other similar materials to absorb any spilled liquid and deposit in sealed containers (Sittig, 1991).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

BIOREMEDIATION

A sludge inoculum Biological Oxygen Demand test reported that 88-92 percent of propylene glycol monomethyl ether degraded within 4 weeks of incubation (HSDB, 2005).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether may be released as an airborne pollutant or in wastewater during its production, use, and handling (HSDB, 2005).

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE

Workers may be exposed to propylene glycol monomethyl ether during its production and use, most commonly via dermal contact and vapor inhalation (HSDB, 2005).

GENERAL POPULATION EXPOSURE

The general public may be exposed to propylene glycol monomethyl ether as an indoor air pollutant (HSDB, 2005).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

Once in the atmosphere, propylene glycol monomethyl ether will react with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals. Its half-life, based on an estimated rate constant of 1.57 cm(3)/mol-sec, is 24.5 hours; under smog conditions (5 ppm nitric oxide), the half-life is 3.1 hours. This compound is soluble in water and susceptible to wet deposition. It does not photolyze or hydrolyze (HSDB, 2005).
In air, the half-life of propylene glycol monomethyl ether is estimated to range from a low of 4.08 hours to a high of 40.8 hours (Howard et al, 1991).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- The fate of propylene glycol monomethyl ether in water is not completely understood, however biodegradation is likely. It is not expected to hydrolyze, photolyze, volatilize from water surfaces, bioconcentrate in fish, or adsorb to sediment (HSDB, 2005).
- The half-life of propylene glycol monomethyl ether in surface water ranges from a low of 168 hours to a high of 672 hours (Howard et al, 1991).
GROUND WATER
- In ground water, propylene glycol monomethyl ether has an estimated half-life of 336 to 1344 hours (Howard et al, 1991).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Due to its low adsorptivity, propylene glycol monomethyl ether is expected to biodegrade or leach when released into soil (HSDB, 2005).
- Propylene glycol monomethyl ether has an estimated organic carbon partition coefficient (Koc) of 0.21, indicating this compound will be highly mobile in soil (HSDB, 2005).
- Volatilization of propylene glycol monomethyl ether from moist soil and water surfaces should be insignificant, based on its Henry's Law constant (1.81x10(-8) atm-m(3)/mol) and its low adsorptivity to soil (HSDB, 2005).
- Propylene glycol monomethyl ether's relatively high vapor pressure (12.5 mm Hg at 25 degrees C) indicates potential for volatilization from dry soil surfaces (HSDB, 2005).
- In soil, propylene glycol monomethyl ether has an estimated half-life of 168 to 672 hours (Howard et al, 1991).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

In the atmosphere, propylene glycol monomethyl ether degrades through reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, with a half life of approximately 1 day. Under photochemical smog conditions (presence of nitric oxide), its half-life is reduced to 3.1 hours (experimental). Some wet deposition may also occur (HSDB, 2005).

In aquatic systems, propylene glycol monomethyl ether is thought to be susceptible to biodegradation, as evidenced by screening test results. Propylene glycol monomethyl ether is not expected to volatilize from surface waters, adsorb to sediment or suspended solids, bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms, photolyze, or hydrolyze (HSDB, 2005).

Leaching of propylene glycol monomethyl ether in soils is expected because of its very low adsorptivity. Biodegradation is also likely (HSDB, 2005).

BIODEGRADATION

Because of its low adsorptivity, propylene glycol monomethyl ether is expected to biodegrade or leach when released into soil (HSDB, 2005).

Aerobic half-life: High: 672 hours (4 weeks); Low: 168 hours (7 days). Comment: "Scientific judgment based upon estimated unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation screening test data" (Howard et al, 1991).

Anaerobic half-life: High: 2688 hours (16 weeks); Low: 672 hours (28 days). Comment: "Scientific judgment based upon estimated unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life" (Howard et al, 1991).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

Based on the estimated log octanol/water partition coefficient (-0.49) for this compound, the estimated bioconcentration factor (BCF) is 0.25 using a recommended regression equation (HSDB, 2005).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

ALGAE

EC50 - FRESHWATER ALGAE (Selenastrum capricornutum): >1000 mg/L for 7D (Verschueren, 2001)

CRUSTACEAN

EC0 - WATER FLEA (Daphnia magna): 500 mg/L for 48H(Verschueren, 2001)
EC50 - WATER FLEA (Daphnia magna): >500 mg/L for 48H; >10,000 mg/L for 48H; 23,300 mg/L for 48H (Verschueren, 2001)
EC100 - WATER FLEA (Daphnia magna): >500 mg/L for 48H (Verschueren, 2001)

AMPHIBIAN

LC50 - WATER FROG (Rana ravipoda porosa): 2200 mg/L for 3H (Verschueren, 2001)
LC50 - WATER FROG (Rana ravipoda porosa): 730 mg/L for 6H (Verschueren, 2001)
LC50 - WATER FROG (Rana ravipoda porosa): 550 mg/L for 12H (Verschueren, 2001)
LC50 - WATER FROG (Rana ravipoda porosa): 500 mg/L 24H (Verschueren, 2001)

FISH

LC0/NOEC - ORFE (Leuciscus idus): 4600 mg/L for 96H (Verschueren, 2001)
LC50 - ORFE (Leuciscus idus): >4500 mg/L for 96H (Verschueren, 2001)
LC50 - FATHEAD MINNOW (Pimephales promelas): >1000 mg/L and 20,800 mg/L for 96H (Verschueren, 2001)
LC100 - ORFE (Leuciscus idus): 10,000 mg/L for 96H (Verschueren, 2001)
NOEC - FATHEAD MINNOW (Pimephales promelas): 1000 mg/L for 96H (Verschueren, 2001)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

90.12

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a sweet or mild ether-like odor and a bitter taste (Lewis, 1996) AAR, 1996; (HSDB , 1999).

VAPOR PRESSURE

11.8 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; HSDB , 1999)

8.24 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

12 mmHg (at 77 degrees F) (NIOSH , 1999)

12.5 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 1999)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
0.919 (at 25/25 degrees C) (Lewis, 1996; HSDB , 1999)

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

0.923 (at 25/4 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)
0.9234 (at 20/20 degrees C) (Lewis, 1993)
0.9620 (at 20/4 degrees C) (HSDB , 1999)

DENSITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
0.92 kg/L (Ashford, 1994)
7.65 lb/gal (Lewis, 1993)

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

0.919 (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-95 degrees C (Clayton & Clayton, 1994) Ashford, 1994, Lewis 1993)
-139 degrees F (Sets to glass) (NIOSH , 1999)

MELTING POINT

-96.7 degrees C (Lewis, 1996)
-97 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991)
-96 degrees C (HSDB , 1999)

BOILING POINT

126-127 degrees C (Lewis, 1996)

119.6 degrees C (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

120.1 degrees C (Lewis, 1993; (ACGIH, 1991; HSDB , 1999)

120 degrees C (Ashford, 1994; Sittig, 1991)

249 degrees F (AAR, 1996)

248 degrees F (NIOSH , 1999)

121 degrees C; 250 degrees F; 394 degrees K (CHRIS , 1999)

FLASH POINT

38 degrees C (closed cup) (ACGIH, 1991)

38 degrees C (Sittig, 1991)

32 degrees C; 90 degrees F (Pohanish & Greene, 1997)

32 degrees C; 90 degrees F (closed cup) (HSDB , 1999)

36.1 degrees C; 97 degrees F (Lewis, 1993)

100 degrees F (Lewis, 1996)

97 degrees F (NIOSH , 1999)

96 degrees F (open cup) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

94 degrees F (AAR,1996)

97 degrees F (open cup) (HSDB , 1999; CHRIS , 1999)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

1.6 % (NIOSH , 1999)

UPPER

13.8% (NIOSH , 1999)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether is completely soluble in water (AAR, 1996; (Ashford, 1994).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether is soluble in oxygenated solvents (Ashford, 1994).
This compound is soluble in ether, acetone, benzene and methanol (ACGIH, 1991; HSDB , 1999) Lewis, 1993).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

-0.49 (HSDB , 1999)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

1.81x10(8) atm-m(3)/mol (HSDB , 1999)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

6371 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Prism Collection) (HSDB , 1999)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

10 ppm (ACGIH, 1991)

ORGANIC CARBON PARTITION COEFFICIENT

Koc = 0.21 (HSDB , 1999)

SURFACE TENSION

27.7 dynes/cm (HSDB , 1999)

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

281 degrees C; 538 degrees F; 394 degrees K (CHRIS , 1999)

HEAT OF COMBUSTION

556 kcal/mole (HSDB , 1999)
6.18 kcal/g (HSDB , 1999)
11,115 Btu/lb (HSDB , 1999)
-13,600 Btu/lb; -7580 cal/g; -317x10(5) (CHRIS , 1999)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.4034 (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1999)
1.402 (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 1999)

VISCOSITY

1.81 mPa-s (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1999)
1.86 centistokes (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 1999)

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PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents