PROPOXUR

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C11-H15-N-O3 CH3NHCOOC6H4OCH(CH3)2

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

151-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(ACGIH, 1991; Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 1996; HSDB , 1998; Lewis, 1996; NIOSH , 1998; RTECS , 1998; Sittig, 1991)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Propoxur is a nonsystemic insecticide with a fast knockdown and long residual effect, used against turf, forestry, and household pests and fleas. It is also used in pest control for other domestic animals, anopheline mosquitoes, ants, gypsy moths, and other agricultural pests (ACGIH, 1991a; Budavari, 1996a; Lewis, 1993a). It can also be used as a molluscicide (Budavari, 1996a; Lewis, 1993a).

FORMS

Propoxur is available in several different forms, including wettable powders, dusts, granules, emulsifiable concentrates, dips, pressurized sprays, baits, shampoos, collars, and oil fog concentrates (ACGIH, 1991a).

SOURCES

This compound is formed from catechol and propylene and methyl isocyanate (ether formation/isocyanate addition) (Ashford, 1994a).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Propoxur is a carbamate anticholinesterase pesticide. Signs and symptoms following exposure may include abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, miosis, blurred vision, salivation, headache, weakness, lethargy, muscle twitching, loss of coordination, vertigo, tachycardia, reduced plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activity, rhinorrhea, a sensation of chest tightness, seizures, coma, pulmonary edema, and paralysis of respiratory muscles.

In birds, additional effects have included ptosis, immobility, opisthotonos, EEG changes, goose-stepping ataxia, falling, asynergy, and wings spread in tetany.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Propoxur can cause the classical signs of cholinesterase inhibition, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, salivation, sweating, lassitude, weakness, rhinorrhea, chest tightness, blurring or dimness of vision, miosis, tearing, loss of coordination, slurring of speech, muscle twitching, breathing difficulty, cyanosis, jerking movements, incontinence, convulsions, coma, and death (HSDB, 1997; Hays & Lewis, 1991).

Propoxur generally causes much milder symptoms than those seen with organophosphate poisoning. Adults have ingested as much as 90 mg without effect (HSDB, 1997). Propoxur is rapidly metabolized and excreted (ACGIH, 1992). Children may be unusually sensitive to propoxur; 6 cases of aplastic anemia have been associated with acute propoxur exposure in children, some of which progressed to leukemia (Reeves, 1981).

Total dermal exposure to propoxur during carnation harvesting in greenhouses was estimated to be between 0.2 and 46 mg, and total inhalation exposure was from 3 to 278 mg (Brouwer et al, 1993).

Rats given 50 mg/kg showed an INCREASE in cholinesterase activity (Krechniak & Foss, 1982).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Applicators using propoxur daily had prompt recovery of whole blood acetylcholinesterase after ending exposure and no cumulative effects (Hayes & Laws, 1991). Workers exposed to propoxur had EEG changes, but these were not correlated with cholinesterase reduction (Kontek, 1973). EEG changes were also seen in exposed rats and monkeys (Rosenstein & Chernoff, 1976). Behavioral effects were seen together with lowered brain cholinesterase activity in rats (Desi, 1972).

Reductions in serum cholinesterase activity have generally occurred in experimental animals, but only with chronic exposure (Kimmerle & Iyatome, 1976; Jurek, 1978).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

The following first aid measures are suggested (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
DERMAL EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Central nervous system, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract and blood cholinesterase.

GENERAL

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water. Because of the potential for rapid onset of CNS depression or seizures with possible aspiration of gastric contents, EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED. Cautious gastric lavage followed by administration of activated charcoal may be of benefit if the patient is seen soon after the exposure.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation and CNS depression, DO NOT induce emesis.
Significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns may occur following ingestion. The possible benefit of early removal of some ingested material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed against potential complications of bleeding or perforation.
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue).

Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years).
Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia.

ANTIDOTES

There are two primary classes of antidotes: ATROPINE is used to antagonize muscarinic effects. OXIMES (pralidoxime in the US, or obidoxime in some other countries) are used to reverse neuromuscular blockade. Use of oximes is usually indicated for patients with severe toxicity and are used in conjunction with atropine.

ATROPINE

Atropine is used to treat muscarinic effects (e.g. salivation, lacrimation, defecation, urination, bronchorrhea). ADULT: 1 to 3 mg IV; CHILD: 0.02 mg/kg IV. If inadequate response in 3 to 5 minutes, double the dose. Continue doubling the dose and administer it IV every 3 to 5 minutes as needed to dry pulmonary secretions. Once secretions are dried, maintain with an infusion of 10% to 20% of the loading dose every hour. Monitor frequently for evidence of cholinergic effects or atropine toxicity (e.g. delirium, hyperthermia, ileus) and titrate dose accordingly. Large doses (hundreds of milligrams) are sometimes required. Atropinization may be required for hours to days depending on severity.

PRALIDOXIME

Treat moderate to severe poisoning (fasciculations, muscle weakness, respiratory depression, coma, seizures) with pralidoxime in addition to atropine; most effective if given within 48 hours. Administer for 24 hours after cholinergic manifestations have resolved. May require prolonged administration. ADULT DOSE: A loading dose of 30 mg/kg (maximum: 2 grams) over 30 minutes followed by a maintenance infusion of 8 to 10 mg/kg/hr (up to 650 mg/hr). ALTERNATE ADULT DOSE: 1 to 2 grams diluted in 100 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride infused over 15 to 30 minutes. Repeat initial bolus dose in 1 hour and then every 3 to 8 hours if muscle weakness or fasciculations persist (continuous infusion preferred). In patients with serious cholinergic intoxication, a continuous infusion of 500 mg/hr should be considered. Intravenous dosing is preferred; however, intramuscular administration may be considered. A continuous infusion of pralidoxime is generally preferred to intermittent bolus dosing to maintain a target concentration with less variation. CHILD DOSE: A loading dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg (maximum: 2 grams/dose) infused over 30 to 60 minutes in 0.9% sodium chloride. Repeat initial bolus dose in 1 hour and then every 3 to 8 hours if muscle weakness or fasciculations persist (continuous infusion preferred). ALTERNATE CHILD DOSE: 25 to 50 mg/kg (up to a maximum dose of 2 g), followed via continuous infusion of 10 to 20 mg/kg/hr. In patients with serious cholinergic intoxication, a continuous infusion of 10 to 20 mg/kg/hr up to 500 mg/hr should be considered.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Physostigmine should be avoided.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

Doses of 90 mg have been ingested, apparently without causing toxicity (HSDB , 1998).

The World Health Organization has reported only a few mild cases of poisoning during wide usage for malaria control. Moderate, but transient, toxicity has been seen following exposure to potent carbamate ester insecticides such as propoxur (HSDB , 1998).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS114-26-1 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A3 ; Listed as: Propoxur

A3 :Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Assessed under the IRIS program. ; Listed as: Baygon
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Propoxur
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS114-26-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD: 4x10(-3) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

TOXICITY VALUES

References: Budavari, 1996 HSDB, 1998 Lewis, 1996 RTECS, 1998
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)GOAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)HAMSTER:
- LD50- (ORAL)LABORATORY_QUAIL:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAMUSCULAR)RAT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:
- LDLo- (ORAL)HUMAN:
- TDLo- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS114-26-1 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Propoxur

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 0.5 mg/m(3)
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A3
Codes: BEI(A)
Definitions:

A3: Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.
BEI(A): The BEI notation is listed when a BEI is also recommended for the substance listed. Biological monitoring should be instituted for such substances to evaluate the total exposure from all sources, including dermal, ingestion, or non-occupational. Substances identified as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibiting Pesticides are part of this notation.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Cholinesterase inhib
Molecular Weight: 209.24

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS114-26-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS114-26-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Propoxur
REL:

TWA: 0.5 mg/m(3)
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH: Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS114-26-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS114-26-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS114-26-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Phenol, 2-(1-methylethoxy)-,methylcarbamate
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Propoxur (Baygon)
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS114-26-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS114-26-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: Phenol, 2-(1-methylethoxy)-,methylcarbamate
P or U series number: U411
Footnote:
Listed as: Propoxur
P or U series number: U411
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS114-26-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS114-26-1 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Propoxur [Phenol, 2-(1-methylethoxy)-, methylcarbamate]
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS114-26-1 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Listed as Propoxur
Severe Marine Pollutant: No

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS114-26-1 (EPA, 2005):

Not Listed

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS114-26-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Propoxur should be stored in tightly closed containers in a well-ventilated, cool, non-alkaline environment (Sittig, 1991). In alkaline media, propoxur undergoes a 50% loss (at 20 degrees C) in 40 minutes (HSDB , 1998).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Propoxur should be stored in tightly closed containers in a well-ventilated, cool, non-alkaline environment (Sittig, 1991). Propoxur should be stored in its original container, away from children, food, and feed (HSDB , 1998).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

This compound should be stored in cool, well-ventilated, non-alkaline environments (Sittig, 1991). Propoxur is compatible with most insecticides and fungicides (HSDB , 1998).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Propoxur is incompatible with strong oxidizers and alkalis (NIOSH , 1998).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Persons should wear appropriate protective clothing and eye protection to prevent contact with this compound (NIOSH , 1998; Sittig, 1991). Persons working with this insecticide should wear impervious shoes and rubber gloves (mixer only) and should wash hands and face after each pump charge (HSDB , 1998). Workers should remove and replace clothing that has become wet or significantly contaminated, should wash at the end of each work shift, and should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the job site (NIOSH , 1998; Sittig, 1991). Segregate contaminated clothing to ensure that there is no direct personal contact by persons who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing (HSDB , 1998).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Dust-proof goggles and face shield should be worn when working with this compound, unless full facepiece respiratory protection is used (Sittig, 1991).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 114-26-1.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS114-26-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS114-26-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

This compound, when heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of methyl isocyanate and oxides of nitrogen (ACGIH, 1991; NIOSH , 1998).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, propoxur emits highly toxic fumes of methyl isocyanate and oxides of nitrogen (ACGIH, 1991; NIOSH , 1998).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS114-26-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS114-26-1 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Propoxur
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.5
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 1.5
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 2.5
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 20
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS114-26-1 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS114-26-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Persons not wearing protective equipment should be kept away from spills or leaks involving propoxur. Area of spill or leak should be ventilated (Sittig, 1991).

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

BIOREMEDIATION

"Facultative and aerobic digesters for livestock wastes were used to degrade pesticide materials [propoxur] in the lab. Three different animal wastes were used as digester media for the process: swine, chicken, and dairy cattle manure. Process effects on disappearance of [propoxur] was observed over periods of 0-8 weeks (facultative) and 0-6 weeks (aerobic). Disappearance ranged 10-72% under faculative conditions, and 29-100% under aerobic conditions" (HSDB , 1998).
Because propoxur is hydrolyzed in highly alkaline media (50% loss at 20 degrees C in 40 minutes at pH 10), it should be treated with an alkali before burial in a landfill. Incineration is the recommended method. Effluent gas scrubbing units should be used when incinerating large amounts of this compound (HSDB , 1998).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Propoxur may be released into the environment during its manufacture, transport, formulation, disposal, and use. It may also enter the environment through spills. A National Pesticide Usage database estimates that 51,200 pounds of propoxur are consumed annually for pesticidal use. It is commonly used for household pests such as cockroaches, mosquitoes, and flies, and in the control of lawn and turf insects, aphids, wooly aphids, bugs, and leafhoppers. Propoxur is also found in flea control products (Howard, 1991a).

In a pesticide pilot project, propoxur was detected in 6 of 9 personal air samples from the homes of retired or semiretired persons (ranging to 0.60 mcg/m(3), 0.10 mcg/m(3), mean). Outside these homes, 4 of the nine samples contained this compound (concentrations ranging up to 0.0039 mcg/m(3), 0.0034 mcg/m(3), mean) (Howard, 1991a).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

Propoxur is released into the atmosphere through its use in dusts or aerosols and is subject to gravitational settling. This compound has also been known to volatilize from baits. In the vapor phase, propoxur is expected to react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals and have a half-life of approximately 4 hours. Indoors, the half life is much longer due to the decreased concentration of hydroxyl radicals (Howard, 1991a).
Howard (1991b) reports atmospheric half-lives of 7.1 hours (high) to 0.71 hours (low), based upon estimated rate constant for reaction with hydroxyl radicals in air.

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- In water, propoxur will readily degrade. The degradation rate is temperature-dependent and can be altered by the presence of mud, aquatic plants, and invertebrates. This compound will photolyze in waters (half-life 88 hr) and may be enhanced by the presence of humic material (half-life 13-41 hr). Therefore, photolysis is expected to be a major fate process. Volatilization, sediment adsorption, and bioconcentration in fish are not important environmental processes (Howard, 1991a).
- Surface water half-lives range from 4 weeks (high) to 1.6 days (low), based upon estimated hydrolysis at pH 9.0 and estimated unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life (Howard, 1991b).
- Groundwater half-lives range from 8 weeks (high) to 1.6 days (low), based upon estimated hydrolysis at pH 9.0 and estimated unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life (Howard, 1991b).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- In soil, leaching is likely, due to the weak adsorption to soil. This compound is highly persistent in soil. A field study revealed that in sandy soil, 75% of the propoxur disappeared in 100 days, but levels in muck and silt loam soils, remained virtually unchanged. The biodegradation rate is increased in soil that has been previously exposed to methylcarbamate pesticides. Abiotic hydrolysis is an important fate process in alkaline soils (Howard, 1991a).
- Howard (1991b) reports half-lives for this compound in soil to be from 4 weeks (high) to 1.6 days (low), based upon estimated hydrolysis at pH 9.0 and estimated unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life.
- HSDB (1998) reports a Koc value of 67 (calculated from water solubility by regression equations). Howard (1991a) reports a Koc value of 72. Based on these values, propoxur is not expected to significantly adsorb to organic soil. In clay soil, Koc values were 41 and 53 (Howard, 1991a).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

When irradiated with light (>290 nm), the half-life of propoxur was 87.9 hours. When humic acids were added (10 and 100 ppm), the half-life decreased to 40.8 and 13.0 hours, respectively. "The primary effect of irradiation is the cleavage of the ester bond and formation of the phenol." The hydrolysis of this compound was stable between pH 3.0 and 7.0 (at 20 degrees C). At pH 8, 9, and 10, hydrolysis was observed, with half-lives of 16, 1.6, and 0.17 days. With each 10 degree rise in temperature, hydrolysis rates increase by a factor of 2.49. In alkaline media, this compound is unstable (half-life of 40 minutes at pH 10 and 20 degrees C) (Howard, 1991a).

In the vapor phase, propoxur degrades in the atmosphere by H-atom extraction and addition to the aromatic ring by photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (half life 4.3 hours with 5x10(5) radicals/cm(3)) (Howard, 1991a).

BIODEGRADATION

In water, the biodegradation of propoxur is rapid, especially when the bacterial activity and temperature is high. Under aerobic conditions, using a combination of activated sludge, silt loam soil and sediment as an inoculum, the half-life of this compound was 44 days. Under anaerobic conditions, the half-life was 59 days (Howard, 1991a).

Howard (1991b) reports aerobic half-life as 4 weeks (high) to 7 days (low), based upon unacclimated aqueous aerobic screening test data. The anaerobic half-life for propoxur is 16 weeks (high) and 28 days (low), based upon acclimated aqueous aerobic bidegradation half-life.

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

The estimated BCF for propoxur is 8.4. This compound is not expected to significantly bioconcentrate fish and aquatic organisms (Howard, 1991a).
HSDB (1998) reports a BCF of 9 (calculated from water solubility by regression equations).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

Reference(s): HSDB, 1998

LD50 - (ORAL) BULLFROG, Male: 595 mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 500-707 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) CANADA GOOSE, Male: 5.95 mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 4.89-7.24 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) CANADA GOOSE, Female: 5.95 mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 4.89-7.24 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) MALLARD, Female 4-6 months: 11.9 mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 10.0-14.1 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) MALLARD, Female 4-6 months: 9.44 mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 7.49-11.9 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) SHARP-TAILED GROUSE, 12-48 months: 120 mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 84.8-170 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) CALIFORNIA QUAIL, Female 3-7 months: 25.9 mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 14.9-45.0 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) JAPANESE QUAIL, Female 20 months: 28.3 mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 20.0-40.0 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) PHEASANT, Male 3-5 months: 20.0 mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 10.0-40.0 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) CHUKAR, Male 4-6 months: 23.8.mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 20.0-28.3 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) CHUKAR, Female 4-6 months: 23.8 mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 20.0-28.3 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) SANDHILL CRANE, Male: >60.0 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) SANDHILL CRANE, Female: >60.0 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) ROCK DOVE, Male: 60.4 mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 38.0-96.1 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) ROCK DOVE, Female: 60.4 mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 38.0-96.1 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) MORNING DOVE, Male: 4.20 mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 3.54-5.00 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) MORNING DOVE, Female: 4.20 mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 3.54-5.00 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) HOUSE SPARROW, Female adult: 12.8 mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 9.26-17.8 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) HOUSE FINCH, Male: 3.55 mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 2.25-5.69 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) HOUSE FINCH, Male: 3.55 mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 2.25-5.69 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) DARK-EYED JUNCO, Male adult: 4.76 mg/kg -- 95% confidence limit 4.00-5.70 mg/kg
LD50 - (ORAL) MULE DEER, Female 11 months: 100-350 mg/kg
LC50 - PIMEPHALES PROMELAS (Fathead Minnow): 8.8 mg/L for 96H -- confidence limit 7.4-10.5 mg/L
LD50 - COTURNIX: >5,000 ppm -- 95% confidence interval
LD50 - GRAMMARUS FASCIATUS: 50 mcg/L for 96H
LD50 - CHIRONOMUS RIPARIUS: 64.4 ppb for 24H
LD50 - GRAMMARUS LACUSTRIS: 34 mcg/L for 96H (at 21 degrees C) -- 95% confidence interval
LD50 - PTERONARCYS: 18 mcg/L for 96H (at 15 degrees C) -- 95% confidence interval
LD50 - RAINBOW TROUT: 8200 mcg/L for 96H (at 13 degrees C) -- 95% confidence interval
LD50 - FATHEAD MINNOW: 25,000 mcg/L for 96H (at 18 degrees C) -- 95% confidence interval
LD50 - BLUEGILL: 4800 mcg/L for 96H (at 24 degrees C) -- 95% confidence interval
EC50 - PIMEPHALES PROMELAS (Fathead Minnow): 9.0 mg/L for 96H -- confidence limit 7.7-10.5 mg/L

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

209.25

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Propoxur exists as a white to tan crystalline powder or minute crystals, with a faint odor (NIOSH , 1998; Sittig, 1991). The technical grade of this compound has a mild phenolic odor (ACGIH, 1991). Propoxur decomposes as high temperatures forming methyl isocyanate (Budavari, 1996). This compound is unstable in highly alkaline media (Lewis, 1993).

VAPOR PRESSURE

7x10(-6) mmHg (NIOSH , 1998)

6.5x10(-6) mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991)

3x10(-6) mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (Howard, 1991)

1.3 Pa (at 120 degrees C) (HSDB , 1998)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

187-197 degrees F (NIOSH , 1998)

MELTING POINT

91.5 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991; Budavari, 1996)
91 degrees C (Lewis, 1993)
84-87 degrees C (Lewis, 1996; Sittig, 1991)

BOILING POINT

Decomposes (NIOSH , 1998)

FLASH POINT

> 300 degrees F (NIOSH , 1998)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

0.2% (at 20 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996; NIOSH , 1998)
very slightly soluble in water (Lewis, 1993)
1750 mg/L (Howard, 1991a)
1860 mg/L (at 30 degrees C) (HSDB , 1998)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Propoxur is soluble in methanol, acetone, and other organic polar solvents. It is only slightly soluble in cold hydrocarbons (Budavari, 1996).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = 1.52 (Howard, 1991a)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

4.44x10(-10) atm-m(3)/mol (calculated) (Howard, 1991a)

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents