AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

STCC NUMBER

4966756 (Ammonium thiosulfate, solution)
4966750 (Ammonium thiosulfate)

MOLECULAR FORMULA

H3-N.1/2H2-O3-S2 (HSDB , 2000)
(NH4)2S2O3 (Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 2000; CHRIS , 2000)
O3-S2.2H4-N (Lewis, 2000; RTECS , 2000)
H8N2O3S2 (Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 2000; Urben, 2000)

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

171-SUBSTANCES (LOW TO MODERATE HAZARD)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(AAR, 1987; CHRIS , 2000; HSDB , 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000; RTECS , 2000)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Ammonium thiosulfate is used as a fungicide, analytical reagent, reducing agent, silver-plating brightener, and in cleaning compounds for zinc-based metals. It is also used as an agricultural desiccant and defoliant. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can be removed from flue gas with ammonium thiosulfate. Cellulose can be converted into hydrocarbons using ammonium thiosulfate. It is also used in photography, metal lubricants, hair waving preparations, and fog screens (Budavari, 2000; HSDB , 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000).
Photographic fixing agent (Ashford, 1994a; OHM/TADS , 2000).
Ammonium thiosulfate is a component in polymer particles, silica beads with a polymer surface, that can be used in chemical separation and detection devices (Burow & Minoura, 1996).

FORMS

Colorless or white, monoclinic crystals with an ammonia odor (HSDB , 2000).
Colorless or white, solid or liquid, with an ammonia odor (CHRIS , 2000).
Ammonium thiosulfate solution (60% or less) is colorless and odorless (CHRIS , 2000).
White crystals dissolve in water and become colorless (OHM/TADS , 2000).

SOURCES

Ammonium thiosulfate is created by reacting ammonium sulfite directly with sulfur (Ashford, 1994a; HSDB , 2000).
Claus tail gas in ammonia is incinerated and the resulting sulfur dioxide is used to produce ammonium sulfite and ammonium bisulfite solution. These two solutions flow countercurrent to hydrogen sulfide to form ammonium thiosulfate solution (HSDB , 2000).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Ammonium thiosulfate may be irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Ammonium thiosulfate has a low order of human oral toxicity.

The following information is for SODIUM THIOSULFATE, a related compound.

Ingestion can cause gastrointestinal disturbances including diarrhea. Contact dermatitis has been reported. Rapid intravenous infusion of large amounts has caused transient hypotension and EKG changes in dogs. Metabolic acidosis and hypernatremia have also been noted in dogs.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 171 (ERG, 2004)

Inhalation of material may be harmful.
Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes.
Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 171 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

GENERAL

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

If swallowed and victim is unconscious or having convulsions, DO NOT attempt oral dilution. Obtain immediate medical attention.

HYPOTENSION: Infuse 10 to 20 mL/kg isotonic fluid. If hypotension persists, administer dopamine (5 to 20 mcg/kg/min) or norepinephrine (ADULT: begin infusion at 0.5 to 1 mcg/min; CHILD: begin infusion at 0.1 mcg/kg/min); titrate to desired response.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

ANIMAL DATA

The LD50 for rats (oral route) for ammonium thiosulfate is 2890 mg/kg. The LD50 (oral route) for guinea pigs is 1098 mg/kg (RTECS , 2000).
The following information is for SODIUM THIOSULFATE, a related compound -

The lowest published lethal subcutaneous dose for a rabbit is 4 g/kg (RTECS , 2000).
The lowest published lethal subcutaneous dose for a frog is 6 g/kg (RTECS , 2000).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

The following information is for SODIUM THIOSULFATE, a related compound -

Ingestion in adults of as much as 12 grams of sodium thiosulfate per day produced no harmful effects other than violent catharsis.(OHM/TADS , 2000).

The lowest toxic intravenous doses in humans were 0.2 to 1.5 g/kg (ITI, 1995).
9.9 g/m(2) given IV to counteract the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin had no apparent ill effects (Pfeifle et al, 1985).
Editors note: Sodium thiosulfate is part of the cyanide antidote kit. The adult intravenous dose is 12.5 g (50 milliliters of 25 percent solution). The pediatric dose is 1.65 milliliters/kilogram of 25 percent solution.

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7783-18-8 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS7783-18-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: CHRIS, 2000 Lewis, 2000 RTECS, 2000
- LD- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS7783-18-8 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS7783-18-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS7783-18-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS7783-18-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS7783-18-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS7783-18-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS7783-18-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS7783-18-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS7783-18-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS7783-18-8 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS7783-18-8 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS7783-18-8 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Thiosulfuric acid (H2S2O3), diammonium salt

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS7783-18-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

HANDLING

Prevent skin and eye contact. Avoid inhalation and ingestion (OHM/TADS , 2000).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Store in tightly sealed containers (OHM/TADS , 2000).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Store in well ventilated area at ambient temperatures (CHRIS , 2000).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Keep away from food products, heat, and water. Store at temperatures above 20 degrees C (OHM/TADS , 2000).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 171 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

Rubber gloves and either a rubber apron, body shield, or protective suit are needed to prevent skin contact (CHRIS , 2000). NIOSH approved rubber gloves and boots are recommended (OHM/TADS , 2000).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Wear safety glasses and/or face shield to prevent irritation of skin and eyes (CHRIS , 2000). A NIOSH approved face mask or safety goggles are recommended (OHM/TADS , 2000).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

Wear a respirator to prevent irritation of respiratory tract (CHRIS , 2000). Respirator cartridges, or canister, should be specifically approved for ammonium thiosulfate (OHM/TADS , 2000).

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 7783-18-8.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 171 (ERG, 2004)
- Some may burn but none ignite readily.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Some may be transported hot.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS7783-18-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 171 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 171 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Do not scatter spilled material with high pressure water streams.
Dike fire-control water for later disposal.

TANK FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 171 (ERG, 2004)

Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS7783-18-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Carbon dioxide, dry chemicals, foam, and water are all suitable extinguishing agents. When water is used, the run-off should be contained (OHM/TADS , 2000).

This material is difficult to burn, or does not burn at all. Choice of extinguishing agents should be based on the type of surrounding fire (AAR, 2000).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When ammonium thiosulfate burns, it gives off ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur (HSDB , 2000).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

A potential explosion hazard exists when ammonium thiosulfate and dry sodium chlorate are mixed and undergo an exothermic reaction (HSDB , 2000; Urben, 2000).

"Under controlled laboratory conditions, a small quantity of ammonium thiosulfate in sodium chlorate could be made to decompose explosively" (NFPA, 1997).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

May produce poisonous gases in a fire (CHRIS , 2000).

Emits toxic ammonia (NH(4+)) and sulfur oxides (SOx) when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 2000).

Sodium thiosulfate crystals decompose at 150 degrees C (Budavari, 2000).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Ammonium thiosulfate is decomposed by heat (HSDB , 2000).

In solution form, ammonium thiosulfate decomposes slowly at temperatures below 50 degrees C. Decomposition is accelerated at higher temperatures. Above 100 degrees C, anhydrous ammonium thiosulfate salt decomposes to form sulfur and sulfite (HSDB , 2000).

Substance is stable during transport, but may give off ammonia gas capable of collecting in enclosed spaces (CHRIS , 2000).

Ammonium thiosulfate (less than 60%) reacts with strong oxidizers to form ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur trioxide (CHRIS , 2000).

When mixed together, chlorate and ammonium salts are readily ignitable and potentially explosive (HSDB , 2000; Urben, 2000).

Reacts with acetic acid and releases sulfur dioxide (NFPA, 1997).

Ammonium thiosulfate forms ammonia when it comes in contact with nitrites. It is incompatible with chlorates, hydrogen sulfide, isocyanates, nitrates, strong oxidizers, sulfur trioxide, and sulfuric acid (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

When small quantities of ammonium thiosulfate are added to sodium chlorate, the mixture can be made to explosively decompose (NFPA, 1997).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 171(ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 171 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 171 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.

"Avoid contact with spilled cargo. Stay upwind. Notify local air, water, and fire authorities of the accident. Evacuate all people to a distance of at least 200 feet upwind and 1000 feet downwind of the spill" (OHM/TADS , 2000).

Keep personnel upwind (AAR, 2000).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS7783-18-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS7783-18-8 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Ammonium thiosulfate (Ammonium hyposulfite)
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 7.5
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 25
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 200
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 500
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS7783-18-8 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS7783-18-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 171 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent dust cloud.
- Avoid inhalation of asbestos dust.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 171 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
Keep sodium thiosulfate away from sewers and water sources. If necessary, build dikes to contain the flow (AAR, 2000).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 171 (ERG, 2004)
- Take up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.
SMALL DRY SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 171 (ERG, 2004)
- With clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.
If material has spilled into water and attained a concentration of 10 ppm or greater, add 10 times as much activated carbon to the water as the amount of sodium thiosulfate that was spilled (AAR, 2000).
Sodium thiosulfate spilled in water can be neutralized with dilute acid. Mechanical dredges or lifts can be used to remove immobile masses of pollutants and precipitates.(AAR, 2000).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 171 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
Maintain a distance of at least 200 feet upwind and 1000 feet downwind between spilled cargo and evacuated personnel. Local emergency response teams should be notified about the spill (OHM/TADS , 2000).
When sodium thiosulfate is spilled on land, dig a holding area for it. Cover solid spills with a plastic sheet to prevent rain and fire fighting water from dissolving them (AAR, 2000).

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Consult "Envirex Manual EPA 600/2-77-227" for information on in-situ chemical treatment (OHM/TADS , 2000).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

BIOREMEDIATION

Biological treatment at a municipal sewage treatment plant may be an option for pre-treated, dilute ammonium thiosulfate (OHM/TADS , 2000).

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

Place contaminated soil in impervious containers. Incineration is the preferred choice for disposal. If an incinerator is not available, the waste may be buried at a chemical waste landfill (OHM/TADS , 2000).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

No information found at the time of this review.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Ammonium thiosulfate is not persistent in water. Municipal sewage treatment plants may use biological treatment to remove it (OHM/TADS , 2000).
- This chemical is considered mildly corrosive to industrial process equipment (OHM/TADS , 2000).
- Small concentrations of sodium thiosulfate in water have unknown effects on aquatic life. It is therefore presumed dangerous and spills should be reported to water intake operators and local health and wildlife authorities (CHRIS , 2000).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Ammonium thiosulfate in the soil helps to transform 1,3-dichloropropene, a pesticide used for soilborne pest control, to nonvolatile products (Gan et al, 2000). Initial toxicity assays show that ammonium thiosulfate dehalogenated fumigants, including methyl bromide, propargyl bromide, 1,3-dichloropropene, chloropicrin, and methyl iodide, decreasing their acute toxicity (Wang et al, 2000).

OTHER

OTHER
- No information about the environmental kinetics of ammonium thiosulfate was found in available references at the time of this review.

BIODEGRADATION

This substance is biodegradable (OHM/TADS , 2000).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

BOD is 0.62 lb/lb in 5 days when product is in salt form (HSDB , 2000)

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

TLM - (MULTIPLE) MOSQUITO FISH: 265 ppm for 96H in turbid water (OHM/TADS , 2000)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

148.2

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Colorless or white, solid or liquid, with an ammonia odor (CHRIS , 2000).

Ammonium thiosulfate is a hygroscopic, white, crystalline solid which decomposes at 150 degrees C (AAR, 2000; Budavari, 2000; HSDB , 2000).

6.5-7.0 (60% solution) (HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1997)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

10 degrees C (50 degrees F, 283 K) (60% solution or less) (CHRIS , 2000)

MELTING POINT

150 degrees C (HSDB , 2000). Decomposition occurs at this temperature (OHM/TADS , 2000).

BOILING POINT

50 degrees C (122 degrees F, 323 K) (60% solution or less) (CHRIS , 2000)

FLASH POINT

Not flammable (CHRIS , 2000)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

Not flammable (CHRIS , 2000)

UPPER

Not flammable (CHRIS , 2000)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Ammonium thiosulfate is very soluble in cold water (HSDB , 2000).
Solubility is 103.3 g/cm(3) water at 100 degrees C (HSDB , 2000).
Dissolves in 1:1 ratio in hot water (25 degrees C) (OHM/TADS , 2000).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

It is insoluble in ether (Budavari, 2000; HSDB , 2000).

OTHER

It is insoluble in alcohol and ether (Budavari, 2000; HSDB , 2000).

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AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents