PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE

It is used as an intermediate in chemical manufacturing of many industrial chemicals, which have included insecticides to synthetic surfactants to ingredients found in household products (i.e. silver polish)(HSDB , 2000).
Phosphorus trichloride is used in the process of depositing metal on rubber, and as a chemical intermediate in the production of organophosphate pesticides, agricultural chemicals, surfactants, phosphites (by reaction with alcohols and phenol), laboratory reagents, gasoline additives, plasticizers, dyestuffs, germicidal preparations, medications, and other products, and as a finishing agent for textiles (AAR, 1987; ACGIH, 1986; Sax & Lewis, 1987; EPA, 1985; ITI, 1985; Sittig, 1985; HSDB , 2000).
Phosphorus trichloride is used as a chlorinating agent and catalyst (ACGIH, 1986; HSDB , 2000).
Phosphorus trichloride is used in the process of producing iridescent metal deposits and in the production of phosphorus oxychloride and phosphorus pentachloride (Budavari, 1996).
AVAILABILITY - Phosphorus trichloride is available and is shipped in pure (99.5% plus) and technical (98.5% plus) grades (CHRIS , 2000).

SOURCES

Phosphorus trichloride is produced by the reaction of yellow phosphorus with chlorine (Clayton & Clayton, 1994). It may also be prepared from red phosphorus and dry chlorine in the presence of refluxing phosphorus trichloride (Budavari, 1996).
Phosphorus trichloride is produced by passing a current of dry chlorine over phosphorus which is gently heated. A mixture of mostly phosphorus trichloride with some phosphorus pentachloride distills over. Phosphorus is then added to the process, and the whole mixture is distilled (Sax & Lewis, 1987).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Phosphorus trichloride vapors are irritating to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract.

ONSET - Pulmonary edema may occur with onset delayed from 12 to 24 hours. This delay is similar to what may occur following chlrine gas exposures.

SYMPTOMS - Direct contact may cause severe acid burns of any moist tissues including the eyes and mucosa of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Severe irritation or burns of the mouth, throat, esophagus, or gastrointestinal tract may follow ingestion. Subclinical elevations of liver enzymes or mild renal injury could occur.

Dermatitis, dermal burns, vertigo, headache, dizziness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, pleuritic chest discomfort, coughing, bronchitis, pneumonitis, and renal injuries (in experimental animals) have all been caused by phosphorus trichloride exposure.

CHRONIC TOXICITY - At lower chronic exposure levels, asthma-like syndromes may develop followed by a chronic chemical pneumonitis or emphysema.

When heated to decomposition phosphorus chloride emits highly toxic fumes of chloride and oxides of phosphorus.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Phosphorus trichloride vapors are irritating to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract (Clayton & Clayton, 1982; Grant, 1986). With significant inhalation exposure, pulmonary edema may occur, with onset delayed from 2 to 24 hours. Direct dermal contact with the material may cause severe acid burns (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).

Acid burns of any moist tissues, including the eyes and mucosa of the respiratory tract can develop from release of hydrochloric and phosphoric acids when phosphorus trichloride vapor contacts the wet surface (NFPA, 1986).

Severe burns of the mouth, throat, esophagus, or gastrointestinal tract may occur if phosphorus trichloride is ingested (Proctor et al, 1988). Acute exposure to phosphorus trichloride induced skin and mouth ulcers and paw necrosis in experimental animals (Weeks et al, 1964; Molodkina, 1974).

Dermatitis, dermal burns, vertigo, headache, dizziness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, pleuritic chest discomfort, coughing, bronchitis, pneumonitis, asymptomatic transient elevations of LDH, and renal injuries (in experimental animals) have all been caused by phosphorus trichloride exposure (Wason et al, 1984; ITI, 1985).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Occupational exposure has caused cough, bronchitis, eye irritation, and pneumonitis (ACGIH, 1986). At lower chronic exposure levels, asthma-like syndromes may develop, followed by a chronic chemical pneumonitis (Finkel, 1983).

Workers exposed to phosphorus trichloride vapor concentrations ranging from 10 to 150 milligrams/cubic meter during production of the chemical complained of burning in the eyes and throat, photophobia, an oppressive feeling in the chest, and bronchitis (Sassi, 1952).

Elevated leukocyte counts with neutrophilia have been described in chronically exposed workers (Sassi, 1952).

Subacute exposure resulted in throat irritation, coughing, nocturnal dyspnea, dyspnea on exertion, and emphysema after 1 to 2 years of employment (Sassi, 1952).

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

DILUTION -

DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting.

EMESIS/NOT RECOMMENDED -

DO NOT induce emesis as it may worsen caustic injury.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/NOT RECOMMENDED

Activated charcoal is of no value and may obscure endoscopy findings; it should be avoided.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100 percent humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water.
In ingestion exposures, emesis should not be induced because of the serious potential for esophageal or gastrointestinal burns. Immediate dilution with water or milk might be beneficial.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

OCCUPATIONAL

Workers exposed to phosphorus trichloride vapor concentrations ranging from 10 to 150 milligrams/cubic meter during production of the chemical complained of burning in the eyes and throat, photophobia, an oppressive feeling in the chest, and bronchitis (Sassi, 1952).

Subacute exposure resulted in throat irritation, catarrh, coughing, nocturnal dyspnea, dyspnea on exertion, and emphysema after 1 to 2 years of employment (Sassi, 1952).

ANIMAL DATA

Eye and respiratory tract irritation was noted in cats exposed to vapor concentrations of 2 to 4 parts per million for 6 hours (Grant, 1986).

Severe systemic effects and corneal clouding were seen in cats exposed to vapor concentrations of 23 to 90 parts per million for 6 hours (Grant, 1986).

Only slight systemic illness was produced in cats exposed to 0.7 part per million for 6 hours (ACGIH, 1986).

A one hour exposure to between 50 and 90 parts per million caused serious systemic injury in cats (ACGIH, 1986).

CASE REPORTS

Severe hypoxemia and asthma developed in a 34-year-old woman for a protracted period of time following a single 15 minute exposure to a high concentration of hydrogen chloride and phosphorus trichloride vapor (Finnegan & Hudson, 1989).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7719-12-2 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Phosphorus trichloride
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Phosphorus trichloride
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS7719-12-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

Reference: RTECS, 1991
- LC50- (INHALATION)GUINEA_PIG:
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LDLo- (SKIN)RABBIT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS

1 ppm = 5.6 mg/m(3)

1 mg/m(3) = 0.18 ppm
(REFERENCE - Clayton & Clayton, 1982)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS7719-12-2 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Phosphorus trichloride

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 0.2 ppm
TLV-STEL: 0.5 ppm
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): URT, eye, and skin irr
Molecular Weight: 137.35

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS7719-12-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS7719-12-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Phosphorus trichloride
REL:

TWA: 0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m(3))
STEL: 0.5 ppm (3 mg/m(3))
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 25 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS7719-12-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Phosphorus trichloride
Table Z-1 for Phosphorus trichloride:

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 0.5

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 3

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS7719-12-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Threshold Quantity, in pounds:1000

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS7719-12-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Phosphorus trichloride
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1000 (454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS7719-12-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS7719-12-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS7719-12-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Phosphorus Trichloride
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 1000

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

1000
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS7719-12-2 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS7719-12-2 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS7719-12-2 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Phosphorous trichloride

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1809 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Phosphorus trichloride

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1809
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1, 8

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).
8: Corrosive.

Special Provisions: 2, B9, B14, B15, B32, B74, B77, N34, T20, TP2, TP13, TP38, TP45

2: This material is poisonous by inhalation (see sxn. 171.8 of this subchapter) in Hazard Zone B (see sxn. 173.116(a) or sxn. 173.133(a) of this subchapter), and must be described as an inhalation hazard under the provisions of this subchapter.
B9: Bottom outlets are not authorized.
B14: Each bulk packaging, except a tank car or a multi-unit-tank car tank, must be insulated with an insulating material so that the overall thermal conductance at 15.5 °C (60 °F) is no more than 1.5333 kilojoules per hour per square meter per degree Celsius (0.075 Btu per hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit) temperature differential. Insulating materials must not promote corrosion to steel when wet.
B15: Packagings must be protected with non-metallic linings impervious to the lading or have a suitable corrosion allowance.
B32: MC 312, MC 330, MC 331, DOT 412 cargo tanks and DOT 51 portable tanks must be made of stainless steel, except that steel other than stainless steel may be used in accordance with the provisions of sxn. 173.24b(b) of this subchapter. Thickness of stainless steel for tank shell and heads for cargo tanks and portable tanks must be the greater of 6.35 mm (0.250 inch) or the thickness required for a tank with a design pressure at least equal to 1.3 times the vapor pressure of the lading at 46 °C (115 °F). In addition, MC 312 and DOT 412 cargo tank motor vehicles must: a. Be ASME Code (U) stamped for 100% radiography of all pressure-retaining welds; b. Have accident damage protection which conforms with sxn. 178.345-8 of this subchapter; c. Have a MAWP or design pressure of at least 87 psig; and d. Have a bolted manway cover.
B74: Tank cars must have a test pressure of 20.68 Bar (300 psig) or greater and conform to Class 105S, 106, 110, 112J, 114J or 120S.
B77: Other packaging are authorized when approved by the Associate Administrator.
N34: Aluminum construction materials are not authorized for any part of a packaging which is normally in contact with the hazardous material.
T20: Minimum test pressure (bar): 10; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): 8 mm; Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): sxn. 178.275(g)(3); Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): Prohibited.
TP2: a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and alpha is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius; and b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions a may be calculated using the formula: [alpha = (d15-d50)/(35 x d50)], where d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) and 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), respectively.
TP13: Self-contained breathing apparatus must be provided when this hazardous material is transported by sea.
TP38: Each portable tank must be insulated with an insulating material so that the overall thermal conductance at 15.5 °C (60 °F) is no more than 1.5333 kilojoules per hour per square meter per degree Celsius (0.075 Btu per hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit) temperature differential. Insulating materials may not promote corrosion to steel when wet.
TP45: Each portable tank must be made of stainless steel, except that steel other than stainless steel may be used in accordance with the provisions of 173.24b(b) of this subchapter. Thickness of stainless steel for portable tank shells and heads must be the greater of 6.35 mm (0.250 inch) or the thickness required for a portable tank with a design pressure at least equal to 1.3 times the vapor pressure of the hazardous material at 46 °C (115 °F).

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 227
Bulk packaging: 244

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: Forbidden

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: C

C: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: 40

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1809 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Phosphorus trichloride
UN Number: 1809

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS7719-12-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

A self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus (SCBA) and special chemical protective clothing as specifically recommended by the producer or shipper may be worn, but they may provide little or no thermal protection (DOT, 1990).

Structural firefighter's protective clothing is NOT adequate protection against this material (DOT, 1990).

Avoid all contact with this material and breathing of vapors (AAR, 1987). Do not attempt to handle spilled or leaking material or broken or leaking containers without proper protective equipment (AAR, 1987).

Appropriate chemical protective clothing including rubber overclothing, protective boots, gloves, and goggles, and a self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus should be worn (AAR, 1987; NFPA, 1986).

For normal handling procedures, wear chemical safety goggles or a plastic face shield, a self-contained or air-line respirator, a safety hat, rubber gloves, and protective clothing or overalls (CHRIS , 1985; ITI, 1985).

Handling should be done in an effective draft using a whole-body shield or outdoors surrounded by open-air shield walls (ITI, 1985).
Appropriate protective clothing and eye protection should be worn to prevent any possibility of contact with this material (Sittig, 1985). If nonimpervious clothing is wet or contaminated it should be immediately removed. Any material that has contacted the skin should be immediately washed off (Sittig, 1985). Emergency showers and eyewashes should be supplied (Sittig, 1985).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Avoid all contact with this material and breathing of vapors (AAR, 1987). Do not attempt to handle spilled or leaking material or broken or leaking containers without proper protective equipment (AAR, 1987).

Appropriate chemical protective clothing including rubber overclothing, protective boots, gloves, and goggles, and a self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus should be worn (AAR, 1987; NFPA, 1986).

For normal handling procedures, wear chemical safety goggles or a plastic face shield, a self-contained or air-line respirator, a safety hat, rubber gloves, and protective clothing or overalls (CHRIS , 1985; ITI, 1985).

Handling should be done in an effective draft using a whole-body shield or outdoors surrounded by open-air shield walls (ITI, 1985).
Appropriate protective clothing and eye protection should be worn to prevent any possibility of contact with this material (Sittig, 1985). If nonimpervious clothing is wet or contaminated it should be immediately removed. Any material that has contacted the skin should be immediately washed off (Sittig, 1985). Emergency showers and eyewashes should be supplied (Sittig, 1985).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Avoid all contact with this material and breathing of vapors (AAR, 1987). Do not attempt to handle spilled or leaking material or broken or leaking containers without proper protective equipment (AAR, 1987).

Appropriate chemical protective clothing including rubber overclothing, protective boots, gloves, and goggles, and a self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus should be worn (AAR, 1987; NFPA, 1986).

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 7719-12-2.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Neoprene

River City

Neoprene splash suits

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

CPF 3

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem F

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.003
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 20
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 28
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 20
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 28
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem ThermoPro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.003
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Kimberly-Clark Professional

Hazard-Gard I

Degradation Rating: not tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Kimberly-Clark, 2002)

Hazard-Gard II

Degradation Rating: PASS
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Immediate
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 169
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Kimberly-Clark, 2002)

Trelleborg-Viking, Inc.

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)

Polyvinyl Chloride

River City

PVC splash suits

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

Rubber Laminate

Trelleborg-Viking, Inc.

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)

Teflon Laminate

Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc.

Commander Ultrapro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >180
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)

Viton/Butyl

Trelleborg-Viking, Inc.

Super

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 150
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 1.78
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Neoprene

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Stanzoil/NL-52

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 9.5
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: 98%; non-normalized breakthrough
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Nitrile

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Stansolv/AK-22

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 15.5
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): ND
Notes: 98%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
Kimberly-Clark Professional 1400 Holcomb Bridge Road Roswell, GA 30076 Phone: (800) 255-6401 Fax: (800) 579-3555 Toll-Free: (800) 255-6401 Website: http://www.kcprofessional.com/us/ Email: kcpinfo@kcc.com
MAPA Spontex, Inc. 100 Spontex Dr. Columbia, TN 38401 USA Phone: (800) 537--2897 Fax: (800) 537--3299 Website: http://www.mapaglove.com Email: sales@mapaglove.com
Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc. P. O. Box P.O. Box 278 McBee, SC 29101 USA Phone: (843) 335-8211 Fax: (843) 355-8599 Toll-Free: (843) 335-8211 Website: http://www.marmac.com Email: info@marmac.com
River City 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (800) 888-0347 Fax: (901) 795-3815 Toll-Free: (800) 888-0347 Website: http://www.protectivewear.com Email: support@protectivewear.com
Trelleborg-Viking, Inc. 170 West Road Suite 1 Portsmouth, NH 03801 USA Phone: (603) 436-1236 Fax: (603) 436-1392 Toll-Free: (800) 344-4458 Website: http://www.trelleborg.com/protective/ Email: protective@trelleborg.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)
- EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily.
- May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
- Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases.
- Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars etc.)
- Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
- Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.
- Substance may be transported in a molten form.
Phosphorus trichloride is not flammable itself, but it is a strong oxidizing agent that can ignite other materials on contact (AAR, 1987).
Phosphorus trichloride may generate flammable and potentially explosive hydrogen gas when in contact with many common metals (except nickel and lead) (AAR, 1987).
Phosphorus trichloride may have a violent reaction water, producing heat and flashes of fire (AAR, 1987; NFPA, 1986).
CONVERSIONS: 1 ppm = 5.6 mg/m(3); 1 mg/m(3) = 0.18 ppm (Clayton & Clayton, 1982)
DOT EVALUATION: DOT-HAZARD: Corrosive Material; LABEL: Corrosive (RTECS , 1988)
Water may be hazardous if used in fighting fire (Lederer, 1985).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS7719-12-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

When material is not involved in fire: do not use water on material itself.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical or CO2.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply: knock down vapors only.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Do not get water inside containers.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS7719-12-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Small volumes of water should not be used on partial areas of a spill (ITI, 1985).

Water may be used in flooding quantities as spray or fog if large amounts of combustibles are burning (AAR, 1987).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Phosphorus trichloride releases toxic and irritating fumes of oxides of phosphorus when heated to decomposition (Sax & Lewis, 1989).
Phosphorus trichloride can react with oxidizing materials (Sax & Lewis, 1989). It can react with acids, steam, or water and produces heat and toxic or corrosive fumes (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Phosphorus trichloride may generate flammable and potentially explosive hydrogen gas when in contact with many common metals (except nickel and lead) (AAR, 1987).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Phosphorus trichloride releases toxic and irritating fumes of oxides of phosphorus when heated to decomposition (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

Phosphorus trichloride can react with oxidizing materials (Sax & Lewis, 1989). It can react with acids, steam, or water and produces heat and toxic or corrosive fumes (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Phosphorus trichloride hydrolyzes to phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).

Phosphorus trichloride has an exothermal reaction with water (gives off heat) which produces hydrochloric and phosphoric acids (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).
This volatilization may take place in the material itself at room temperature (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).

Phosphorus trichloride is a strong oxidizing agent that can ignite other materials on contact (AAR, 1987).

Phosphorus trichloride may generate flammable and potentially explosive hydrogen gas when in contact with many common metals (except nickel and lead) (AAR, 1987).

Phosphorus trichloride may have a violent reaction with water, producing heat and flashes of fire (AAR, 1987; NFPA, 1986).

Phosphorus trichloride has potentially hazardous reactions with (NFPA, 1986; Sax & Lewis, 1989):

Acetic acid
Aluminum
Chromyl chloride
Diallyl phosphite and allyl alcohol
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Fluorine
Hydroyxlamine
Iodine monochloride
Lead dioxide
Nitric acid
Nitrous acid
Organic matter
Potassium
Sodium
Water

Phosphorus trichloride releases toxic and irritating fumes of oxides of phosphorus when heated to decomposition (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

Phosphorus trichloride can react with oxidizing materials (Sax & Lewis, 1989). It can react with acids, steam, or water and produces heat and toxic or corrosive fumes (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

Phosphorus trichloride reacts with most common construction materials (CHRIS , 1985).

Phosphorus trichloride is incompatible with (Sittig, 1985):

Water
Alcohol
Combustible organic materials
Chemically active metals
Sodium
Potassium
Aluminum
Strong nitric acid

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (ERG, 2004)

Data presented from the Emergency Response Guidebook Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances are for use when a spill has occurred and there is no fire. If there is a fire, or if a fire is involved, evacuation information presented under FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES should be used.
Generally, a small spill is one that involves a single, small package such as a drum containing up to approximately 200 liters, a small cylinder, or a small leak from a large package. A large spill is one that involves a spill from a large package, or multiple spills from many small packages.
Suggested distances to protect from vapors of toxic-by-inhalation and/or water-reactive materials during the first 30 minutes following the spill.

DOT ID No. 1809 - Phosphorus trichloride

when spilled on land
SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 30 meters (100 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.2 kilometers (0.1 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 0.4 kilometers (0.3 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 150 meters (500 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 1.5 kilometers (1 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 3.5 kilometers (2.2 miles).

CAUTION:

This material which produces large amounts of the following gas(es)when spilled in water:

Hydrogen chloride

DOT ID No. 1809 - Phosphorus trichloride

when spilled in water
SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 30 meters (100 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.2 kilometers (0.1 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 0.7 kilometers (0.4 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 180 meters (600 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 1.6 kilometers (1 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 4.8 kilometers (3 miles).

CAUTION:

This material which produces large amounts of the following gas(es)when spilled in water:

Hydrogen chloride

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate enclosed areas.

If this material is leaking but not on fire, consider evacuating downwind with the area dependent on the amount spilled, the location of the spill, and weather conditions (AAR, 1987).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS7719-12-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Listed as Phosphorus Trichloride
ERPG-1 (units = ppm): 0.5
ERPG-2 (units = ppm): 3
ERPG-3 (units = ppm): 15
Under Ballot, Review, or Consideration: No
Definitions:

ERPG-1: The ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing more than mild, transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor.
ERPG-2: The ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take protective action.
ERPG-3: The ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS7719-12-2 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Phosphorus trichloride
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 0.34
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 0.34
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 2.0
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 5.6
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS7719-12-2 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Listed as: Phosphorus trichloride
Proposed Value:

AEGL-1

10 min exposure:

ppm: 0.78 ppm
mg/m3:

30 min exposure:

ppm: 0.78 ppm
mg/m3:

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.62 ppm
mg/m3:

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.39 ppm
mg/m3:

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.26 ppm
mg/m3:

Definitions:

AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.

Listed as: Phosphorus trichloride
Proposed Value:

AEGL-2

10 min exposure:

ppm: 2.5 ppm
mg/m3:

30 min exposure:

ppm: 2.5 ppm
mg/m3:

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 2 ppm
mg/m3:

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 1.3 ppm
mg/m3:

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.83 ppm
mg/m3:

Definitions:

AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

Listed as: Phosphorus trichloride
Proposed Value:

AEGL-3

10 min exposure:

ppm: 7 ppm
mg/m3:

30 min exposure:

ppm: 7 ppm
mg/m3:

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 5.6 ppm
mg/m3:

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 3.5 ppm
mg/m3:

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 1.8 ppm
mg/m3:

Definitions:

AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS7719-12-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 25 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)
- Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container.
- Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Water spray may be used to reduce vapors, but do not get water inside containers (AAR, 1987).
DO not allow solid streams of water to get onto spilled material (AAR, 1987).
Water should be applied from as far away as possible (AAR, 1987).
Construct dikes to contain spilled material and fire fighting or dilution runoff water for later disposal (AAR, 1987). Do not apply water to this material unless directed to do so (AAR, 1987).
Spilled material may be neutralized with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime (AAR, 1987).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)
- Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
Small amounts of spilled material can be covered with a 1:1 mixture of slaked lime and soda ash followed by mixing (ITI, 1985).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Land Spill: Surface flow of the material should be diked with soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete (AAR, 1987).
Land Spill: Bulk liquid may be adsorbed with cement powder or fly ash (AAR, 1987).
Land Spill: Spilled material can be neutralized with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (AAR, 1987).
Water Spill: Spilled material can be neutralized with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (AAR, 1987).
Water Spill: Mechanical lifts or dredges can be utilized to remove precipitates and immobilized masses of pollutant (AAR, 1987).
The pH of the water should be adjusted to neutral (pH = 7) (AAR, 1987).
Air Release: Water mist or spray can be used to knock down vapors (AAR, 1987).
Air Release: Vapor knock down water may be corrosive and toxic, and should be diked to contain it for later disposal (AAR, 1987).
Spray or sift a thick layer of a 1:1 mixture of slaked lime and dry soda ash over the spilled material from behind a shield (ITI, 1985). Mix these agents and then cautiously spray with water from an atomizer (ITI, 1985). Then transfer the mixture into a large container of water and neutralize (ITI, 1985).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

No information found at the time of this review.

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

No information found at the time of this review.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

This material is dangerous to aquatic life in high concentrations and may be dangerous if it enters water intakes (CHRIS , 1985).

Notify local health and wildlife officials as well as operators of water intakes in the vicinity of water spills (CHRIS , 1985).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

137.35 (RTECS , 2000)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Phosphorus trichloride is a clear, colorless to yellow colored fuming nonflammable liquid with an irritating, pungent acid-like odor (AAR, 1987; ACGIH, 1986; Budavari, 1996).

Phosphorus trichloride fumes in air. It sinks in water and reacts with water, producing a harmful vapor (CHRIS , 2000).
Phosphorus trichloride rapidly decomposes in moist air (ITI, 1985).

VAPOR PRESSURE

100 mmHg (at 21 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1986; Budavari, 1996)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

1.574 (at 21/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

1.574 g/L (at 21 degrees) (Budavari, 1996)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-112 degrees C (Budavari, 1996)

MELTING POINT

-91 degrees C (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)
-112 degrees C (Budavari, 1996)

BOILING POINT

76 degrees C; 169 degrees F (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Budavari, 1996)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

It has a violent reaction with water (ACGIH, 1986; Budavari, 1996).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Phosphorus trichloride is soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ether, and carbon disulfide. It is decomposed by alcohol (ACGIH, 1986; Budavari, 1996).

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PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents