PHOSPHORUS

1338-Phosphorus, amorphous
1338-Phosphorus, amorphous, red
1381-Phosphorus, white, dry or under water or in solution
2447-Phosphorus, white, molten
1381-Phosphorus, yellow, dry or under water or in solution
1338-Red phosphorus
1338-Red phosphorus, amorphous
1381-White phosphorus, dry
1381-White phosphorus, in solution
2447-White phosphorus, molten
1381-White phosphorus, under water
1381-Yellow phosphorus, dry
1381-Yellow phosphorus, in solution
2447-Yellow phosphorus, molten
1381-Yellow phosphorus, under water

STCC NUMBER

4916141 (WHITE or YELLOW, in water)
4916140 (WHITE)
4916725 (RED)
4916142 (RED)

MOLECULAR FORMULA

P (red phosphorus)
P4 (white phosphorus)

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

133-FLAMMABLE SOLIDS(for UN/NA Number1338)
136-SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (AIR-REACTIVE)(for UN/NA Numbers1381and2447)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(CHRIS , 1990; EPA, 1985)HSDB, 1990;(RTECS , 1991)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

SUMMARY

Yellow or white phosphorus is used in the manufacture of rodenticides, incendiaries, phosphorus compounds, and pyrotechnics (fireworks), and as a semiconductor additive (ITI, 1995).
Yellow or white phosphorus was used in the manufacture of matches in the past and was responsible for both chronic poisoning in workers and acute poisoning from ingestion of matches.

SPECIFIC PRODUCTS

MATCHES - Modern matches (including the "Strike Anywhere" variety) do NOT contain yellow or white phosphorus. Modern matches contain phosphorus sesquifluoride and potassium chlorate, and a one-year-old child could consume 20 matches before any toxicity would occur. Chronic phosphorus poisoning is now seldom encountered (Gosselin et al, 1984; Harbison, 1998).

RED PHOSPHORUS is used in the manufacture of safety matches. It is nonvolatile, unabsorbable, insoluble substance that is nontoxic in oral ingestions.

HOMEOPATHIC - Although no longer used in medicine, phosphorus is still used in some homeopathic medicines (S Sweetman , 2000).
MILITARY - White or yellow phosphorus may be used as an igniter for other munitions such as in hand grenades, mortar and artillery rounds and other weapons. White phosphorus is mainly used for military purposes. In its acid form, phosphorus is used in the preparation of silicon wafers (Felton, 1982; Eldad et al, 1995).

INADVERTENT EXPOSURE - White phosphorus was used during World War II in grenades, flares and tracer bullets. After the war was over, white phosphorus was dumped into the Baltic Sea, and over time residues of phosphorus have been found on the shore line. When exposed to air, phosphorus can spontaneously ignite and burn at temperatures of up to 1300 degrees C. There have been several cases of severe burns after mistaking phosphorus for amber along the Baltic Coast (Frank et al, 2008).

FIREWORKS - In some Latin American countries, variable amounts of white phosphorus can be found in some firecrackers and fireworks. In this study, it was found that firecrackers in this region could contain between 4 mg to 9 mg of white phosphorus. Three cases of acute liver failure secondary to the ingestion of firecrackers containing white phosphorus were reported; two patients survived (with one requiring liver transplantation) and one patient died after ingesting 12 firecrackers (Santos et al, 2009).

FORMS

Yellow or white phosphorus is a colorless or yellow wax-like crystalline solid, with a garlic-like odor, and almost insoluble in water (Budavari, 1996; Felton, 1982). However, it diffuses through water as a vapor and forms a dilute colloidal solution. It spontaneously ignites on contact with air at or above 30 degrees Celsius and explodes when exposed to oxidizing materials, releasing primarily phosphorus sesquioxide (P2O5).

The phosphorus then becomes luminous in the dark (phosphoresces). The oxidation occurs with the liberation of such heat that the element bursts into a yellow flame and produces a dense white smoke. The reaction progresses until all of the material is consumed, or until the material is deprived of oxygen, as by flooding. However, the phosphorus will reignite upon drying.
To prevent spontaneous combustion, yellow phosphorus is stored under water. Phosphorus can cause full thickness burns, and is likely to do so if it reaches the ignition temperature (44 degrees Celsius or 111 degrees Fahrenheit).

Yellow phosphorus is soluble in fats and in bile and is absorbed from the intestine and from subcutaneous injections, especially when administered in a finely divided form.

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

USES: "Phosphorus" as used in this management indicates only yellow or white phosphorus unless otherwise stated. Phosphorus is a nonmetallic chemical element of the nitrogen family. It is essential for many biologic processes including synthesis of ATP. Yellow and white phosphorus are used in the manufacture of rodenticides, incendiaries, phosphorus compounds, as an igniter in munitions and flares, as an igniter and pigment in fireworks, and as a semiconductor additive. Although no longer used in medicine, phosphorus is still used in some homeopathic medicines. Yellow or white phosphorus was used in the manufacture of matches in the past and was responsible for both chronic poisoning in workers and acute poisoning from ingestion of matches. Modern matches (including the "Strike Anywhere" variety) do NOT contain yellow or white phosphorus, but contain phosphorus sesquifluoride and potassium chlorate. Chronic phosphorus poisoning is now rarely encountered. Red phosphorus is used in the manufacture of safety matches. It is nonvolatile, unabsorbable, and insoluble substance with limited toxicity in humans. However, it may contain traces of yellow phosphorus (up to 0.6%) and large ingestions may result in adverse effects. Black phosphorus is the inert, nontoxic allotropic form of elemental phosphorus.

TOXICOLOGY: Systemic phosphorus poisoning may occur following oral, inhalational, and dermal exposure. Phosphorus poisoning may cause acute fatty degeneration of the liver, kidneys, brain, and other organs. Early sudden death due to cardiovascular collapse may be induced by hypocalcemia or a direct cardiotoxic effect. Induced hypoglycemia has been responsible for deaths in the past. Phosphorus-induced liver injury may be due to free radical injury and/or inhibition of protein synthesis.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Phosphorous poisoning is rare. "Phossy jaw", an occupational illness of matchmakers who developed mandibular necrosis, has been eliminated as matches are no longer manufactured by hand and no longer contain white or yellow phosphorus.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

ORAL: Ingestion can produce throat irritation and burns, followed by nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Diarrhea may or may not be an early symptom. Gastric contents and stools may be "smoking" and luminescent in the dark, and have a garlicky odor. Phosphorescent eructations from the nose and mouth have also been reported. The absence of early gastrointestinal symptoms should not lead to the conclusion that significant poisoning has not occurred. Neurological symptoms may occur soon after ingestion or late in the clinical course with fulminant hepatic encephalopathy. Lethargy, irritability, delirium, psychosis, stupor, generalized weakness, seizures, and coma may occur. Severe poisoning may manifest as severe electrolyte abnormalities (eg, hypokalemia, hyperchloremia, hypocalcemia and either hyperphosphatemia or hypophosphatemia), hypoglycemia, encephalopathy, cardiac dysrhythmias, liver necrosis, and hepatic and/or renal failure. Other effects following oral ingestion may include clotting abnormalities, hypoprothrombinemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia, pancytopenia, tachypnea, shallow respirations, hyperventilation, and laryngospasm causing dyspnea and/or apnea. Death usually occurs 4 to 8 days after ingestion, but may be delayed. Death in the first 12 hours is usually the result of peripheral vascular collapse. Death within 24 to 48 hours may ensue from peripheral vascular collapse and is frequently accompanied by acute renal failure. Deaths within 48 to 72 hours may result from peripheral vascular collapse or cardiac arrest with hepatic and/or renal failure.
INHALATION: Acute inhalational exposure to phosphorus fumes would be expected to produce upper respiratory irritation and possibly delayed onset of acute lung injury. Inhalational exposure may also produce conjunctivitis, ocular irritation, and mucosal irritation of the nose and throat. Acute hepatic damage has also been reported. Chronic industrial inhalational exposure to phosphorus fumes has resulted in symptoms that include bronchitis, anemia, cachexia, and mandibular necrosis ("phossy" or "Lucifer's jaw").
DERMAL: Dermal exposure may result in severely painful, necrotic, partial to full thickness yellowish color burns from chemical and thermal effects with a garlic-like odor. Second and third degree burns can occur within a few minutes to hours. Phosphorus absorbed from damaged skin may result in acute systemic phosphorus poisoning.
OCULAR: Ocular injury includes foreign body sensation, excessive tearing, blepharospasm, and corneal defect evident by fluorescein staining, corneal perforation, endophthalmitis, and ectropion. Exposure to phosphorus oxides causes eye irritation, blepharospasm, photophobia, and lacrimation. Direct eye contact can cause severe eye damage.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 133 (ERG, 2004)

Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.
Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 136 (ERG, 2004)

Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
TOXIC; ingestion of substance or inhalation of decomposition products will cause severe injury or death.
Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Some effects may be experienced due to skin absorption.
Runoff from fire control may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

Emesis is not recommended because of the corrosive potential of phosphorus. Phosphorus absorption is enhanced when dissolved in solvents (eg, alcohol, digestible fats, oils). These agents are contraindicated in the management of oral or dermal phosphorus exposure. Activated charcoal is never indicated. Following dermal exposure, prompt removal of all clothing, including jewelry, and copious irrigation with cool water should occur as soon as possible. Following an inhalational exposure, move the patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If present, carefully remove contact lenses.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 133 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 136 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
In case of contact with substance, keep exposed skin areas immersed in water or covered with wet bandages until medical attention is received.
Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes at the site and place in metal container filled with water. Fire hazard if allowed to dry.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

SUMMARY

The estimated lethal adult dose by oral ingestion is 1 milligram/kilogram (ACGIH, 1998).

CASE REPORTS

PEDIATRIC

As little as 3 mg has been reported to cause death in a 2-year-old child (Simon & Pickering, 1976).
In a cross-sectional study from 7 Ecuadorian hospitals, 5 (6%) of 85 patients (age range, 12 to 50 years of age; mean age, 21.6 +/- 7.1 years) died after ingesting up to 40 units (about 12 g of white phosphorus) of firecrackers. Seven patients ingested pesticides, anxiolytic or recreational drugs concurrently. Twenty patients also ingested alcohol (Gonzalez-Andrade & Lopez-Pulles, 2011).

ADULT

An adult died of multi-organ failure, including hepatic and renal failure, encephalopathy, metabolic acidosis and severe coagulopathy after intentionally ingesting 12 firecrackers containing white phosphorus (the estimated dose ranged between 48 to 108 mg) (Santos et al, 2009).
In a cross-sectional study from 7 Ecuadorian hospitals, 5 (6%) of 85 patients (age range, 12 to 50 years of age; mean age, 21.6 +/- 7.1 years) died after ingesting up to 40 units (about 12 g of white phosphorus) of firecrackers. Seven patients ingested pesticides, anxiolytic or recreational drugs concurrently. Twenty patients also ingested alcohol (Gonzalez-Andrade & Lopez-Pulles, 2011).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

CASE REPORTS

ADULT

Serious systemic toxicity in an adult has been reported after ingestion of only 15 milligrams (Rubitsky & Myerson, 1949). Adults have, however, survived ingestions of up to 1,570 milligrams (McCarron et al, 1981).
In a cross-sectional study from 7 Ecuadorian hospitals, 85 cases (age range, 12 to 50 years of age; mean age, 21.6 +/- 7.1 years) of firecracker (containing white phosphorus [WP]) ingestions were identified. Forty-five (52.9%), 32 (37.6%), 9 (10.6%), and 5 (5.9%) patients ingested 1 to 5 units (0.3 to 1.5 g; 0.03 to 0.15 g WP), 6 to 10 units (1.8 to 3 g; 0.18 to 0.3 g WP), 11 to 20 units (3.3 to 6 g; 0.33 to 0.6 g WP), and more than 21 units (greater than 6.3 g; greater than 0.63 g WP) of firecrackers, respectively. The maximum amount of units ingested was 40 (about 12 g). Seven patients ingested pesticides, anxiolytic or recreational drugs concurrently. Twenty patients also ingested alcohol. Overall, 6% (n=5) of patients died. The following adverse effects were observed: abdominal pain and cramps, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, hematemesis, jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia, elevated liver enzymes, elevated alkaline phosphatase, hepatitis, acute liver failure, cholestatic syndrome, cirrhosis, increased coagulation times, leukopenia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hypoglycemia, hyperproteinemia, hyperuricemia, encephalopathy, headache, temporary loss of consciousness, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, bradycardia (Gonzalez-Andrade & Lopez-Pulles, 2011).

PEDIATRIC

A 4-year-old child inadvertently ingested 10 firecrackers containing white phosphorus (the estimated dose ranged between 40 to 90 mg) and developed coagulopathy, coma and acute liver failure requiring liver transplantation. Following a protracted hospital course, the patient recovered completely (Santos et al, 2009).
A 15-year-old female intentionally ingested 9 firecrackers containing white phosphorus (the estimated dose ranged between 36 to 81 mg) and developed initially mild symptoms and only a slightly elevated prothrombin. By day 3, her prothrombin, aminotransferase and bilirubin levels were elevated with no new symptoms. Over the next 10 days, laboratory studies gradually improved and the patient recovered completely (Santos et al, 2009).
In a cross-sectional study from 7 Ecuadorian hospitals, 85 cases (age range, 12 to 50 years of age; mean age, 21.6 +/- 7.1 years) of firecracker (containing white phosphorus [WP]) ingestions were identified. Forty-five (45.9%), 32 (37.6%), 9 (10.6%), and 5 (5.9%) patients ingested 1 to 5 units (0.3 to 1.5 g; 0.03 to 0.15 g WP), 6 to 10 units (1.8 to 3 g; 0.18 to 0.3 g WP), 11 to 20 units (3.3 to 6 g; 0.33 to 0.6 g WP), and more than 21 units (greater than 6.3 g; greater than 0.63 g WP) of firecrackers, respectively. The maximum amount of units ingested was 40 (about 12 g). Seven patients ingested pesticides, anxiolytic or recreational drugs concurrently. Twenty patients also ingested alcohol. Overall, 6% (n=5) of patients died. The following adverse effects were observed: abdominal pain and cramps, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, hematemesis, jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia, elevated liver enzymes, elevated alkaline phosphatase, hepatitis, acute liver failure, cholestatic syndrome, cirrhosis, increased coagulation times, leukopenia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hypoglycemia, hyperproteinemia, hyperuricemia, encephalopathy, headache, temporary loss of consciousness, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, bradycardia (Gonzalez-Andrade & Lopez-Pulles, 2011).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7723-14-0 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): D ; Listed as: White phosphorus

D : Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.

IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Phosphorus (yellow)
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS7723-14-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD: 2x10(-5) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

TOXICITY VALUES

LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- 4820 mcg/kg ((RTECS, 2000))
LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- 3030 mcg/kg ((RTECS, 2000))
LDLo- (ORAL)CAT:
- 4 mg/kg ((RTECS, 2000))
LDLo- (ORAL)DOG:
- 10 mg/kg ((RTECS, 2000))
LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)DOG:
- 2 mg/kg ((RTECS, 2000))
LDLo- (ORAL)HUMAN:
- 1400 mcg/kg ((RTECS, 2000))
- 22 mg/kg ((RTECS, 2000))
- 4600 mcg/kg ((RTECS, 2000))
LDLo- (ORAL)PIG:
- 160 mg/kg ((RTECS, 2000))
LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RABBIT:
- 10 mg/kg ((RTECS, 2000))
TDLo- (ORAL)HUMAN:
- 11 mg/kg ((RTECS, 2000))
- 2600 mcg/kg ((RTECS, 2000))

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS7723-14-0 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS7723-14-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS7723-14-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Phosphorus (yellow)
REL:

TWA: 0.1 mg/m(3)
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 5 mg/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS7723-14-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Phosphorus (yellow)
Table Z-1 for Phosphorus (yellow):

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 0.1

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS7723-14-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS7723-14-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Phosphorus
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS7723-14-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS7723-14-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS7723-14-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Phosphorus
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 1

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

100
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): a

a: This material is a reactive solid. The TPQ does not default to 10,000 pounds for non-powder, non-molten, non-solution form.
d: Revised TPQ based on new or re-evaluated toxicity data, April 22, 1987.

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS7723-14-0 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Phosphorus (yellow or white)
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS7723-14-0 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Listed as White phosphorus, dry
Severe Marine Pollutant: Yes
Listed as White phosphorus, wet
Severe Marine Pollutant: Yes
Listed as Yellow phosphorus, dry
Severe Marine Pollutant: Yes
Listed as Yellow phosphorus, wet
Severe Marine Pollutant: Yes
Listed as Phosphorus white, or yellow, molten
Severe Marine Pollutant: Yes
Listed as Phosphorus, white or yellow dry or under water or in solution
Severe Marine Pollutant: Yes
Listed as Phosphorus, white, molten
Severe Marine Pollutant: Yes
Listed as Phosphorus, yellow, molten
Severe Marine Pollutant: Yes

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS7723-14-0 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Phosphorus

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1338 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Phosphorus, amorphous

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 4.1

4.1: Flammable solid. See 49 CFR section 173.124 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1338
Packing Group: III

III: Packing Group III - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is minor.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 4.1

4.1: Flammable Solid.

Special Provisions: A1, A19, B1, B9, B26, IB8, IP3, T1, TP33

A1: Single packagings are not permitted on passenger aircraft.
A19: Combination packagings consisting of outer fiber drums or plywood drums, with inner plastic packagings, are not authorized for transportation by aircraft.
B1: If the material has a flash point at or above 38 °C (100 °F) and below 93 °C (200 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.241 of this subchapter are applicable. If the material has a flash point of less than 38 °C (100 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.242 of this subchapter are applicable.
B9: Bottom outlets are not authorized.
B26: Tanks must be insulated. Insulation must be at least 100 mm (3.9 inches) except that the insulation thickness may be reduced to 51 mm (2 inches) over the exterior heater coils. Interior heating coils are not authorized. The packaging may not be loaded with a material outside of the packaging's design temperature range. In addition, the material also must be covered with an inert gas or the container must be filled with water to the tank's capacity. After unloading, the residual material also must be covered with an inert gas or the container must be filled with water to the tank's capacity.
IB8: Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, 21H2, 31H1 and 31H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, 21HZ2, 31HZ1 and 31HZ2); Fiberboard (11G); Wooden (11C, 11D and 11F); Flexible (13H1, 13H2, 13H3, 13H4, 13H5, 13L1, 13L2, 13L3, 13L4, 13M1 or 13M2).
IP3: Flexible IBCs must be sift-proof and water-resistant or must be fitted with a sift-proof and water-resistant liner.
T1: Minimum test pressure (bar): 1.5; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(2).
TP33: The portable tank instruction assigned for this substance applies for granular and powdered solids and for solids which are filled and discharged at temperatures above their melting point which are cooled and transported as a solid mass. Solid substances transported or offered for transport above their melting point are authorized for transportation in portable tanks conforming to the provisions of portable tank instruction T4 for solid substances of packing group III or T7 for solid substances of packing group II, unless a tank with more stringent requirements for minimum shell thickness, maximum allowable working pressure, pressure-relief devices or bottom outlets are assigned in which case the more stringent tank instruction and special provisions shall apply. Filling limits must be in accordance with portable tank special provision TP3. Solids meeting the defnintion of an elevated temperature material must be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 213
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 25 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 100 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: 74

74: Stow "separated from" oxidizers.

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1381 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Phosphorus, white dry or Phosphorus, white, under water or Phosphorus white, in solution or Phosphorus, yellow dry or Phosphorus, yellow, under water or Phosphorus, yellow, in solution

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 4.2

4.2: Spontaneously combustible material. See 49 CFR section 173.124 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1381
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 4.2, 6.1

4.2: Spontaneously Combustible.
6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: B9, B26, N34, T9, TP3, TP31

B9: Bottom outlets are not authorized.
B26: Tanks must be insulated. Insulation must be at least 100 mm (3.9 inches) except that the insulation thickness may be reduced to 51 mm (2 inches) over the exterior heater coils. Interior heating coils are not authorized. The packaging may not be loaded with a material outside of the packaging's design temperature range. In addition, the material also must be covered with an inert gas or the container must be filled with water to the tank's capacity. After unloading, the residual material also must be covered with an inert gas or the container must be filled with water to the tank's capacity.
N34: Aluminum construction materials are not authorized for any part of a packaging which is normally in contact with the hazardous material.
T9: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): 6 mm; Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): Prohibited.
TP3: The maximum degree of filling (in %) for solids transported above their melting points and for elevated temperature liquids shall be determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95 x (dr/df)], where df and dr are the mean densities of the liquid at the mean temperature of the liquid during filling and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport respectively.
TP31: This hazardous material may only be transported in tanks in the solid state.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 188
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: Forbidden

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: E

E: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but is prohibited from carriage on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2447 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Phosphorus white, molten

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 4.2

4.2: Spontaneously combustible material. See 49 CFR section 173.124 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2447
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 4.2, 6.1

4.2: Spontaneously Combustible.
6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: TP3, TP7, TP26, B9, B26, N34, T21

TP3: The maximum degree of filling (in %) for solids transported above their melting points and for elevated temperature liquids shall be determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95 x (dr/df)], where df and dr are the mean densities of the liquid at the mean temperature of the liquid during filling and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport respectively.
TP7: The vapor space must be purged of air by nitrogen or other means.
TP26: The heating device must be exterior to the shell. For UN 3176, this requirement only applies when the hazardous material reacts dangerously with water.
B9: Bottom outlets are not authorized.
B26: Tanks must be insulated. Insulation must be at least 100 mm (3.9 inches) except that the insulation thickness may be reduced to 51 mm (2 inches) over the exterior heater coils. Interior heating coils are not authorized. The packaging may not be loaded with a material outside of the packaging's design temperature range. In addition, the material also must be covered with an inert gas or the container must be filled with water to the tank's capacity. After unloading, the residual material also must be covered with an inert gas or the container must be filled with water to the tank's capacity.
N34: Aluminum construction materials are not authorized for any part of a packaging which is normally in contact with the hazardous material.
T21: Minimum test pressure (bar): 10; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): 10 mm; Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): Prohibited.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 188
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: Forbidden

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: D

D: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but the material is prohibited on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1338 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Phosphorus, amorphous
UN Number: 1338

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1381 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Phosphorus, white, dry
UN Number: 1381
Proper Shipping Name: Phosphorus, white, in solution
UN Number: 1381
Proper Shipping Name: Phosphorus, white, under water
UN Number: 1381
Proper Shipping Name: Phosphorus, yellow, dry
UN Number: 1381
Proper Shipping Name: Phosphorus, yellow, in solution
UN Number: 1381
Proper Shipping Name: Phosphorus, yellow, under water
UN Number: 1381

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2447 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Phosphorus, white, molten
UN Number: 2447

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS7723-14-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Yellow phosphorus should be stored under water or in an inert atmosphere to prevent spontaneous combustion on exposure to air (ITI, 1995).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 133 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 136 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
For Phosphorus (UN1381): Special aluminized protective clothing should be worn when direct contact with the substance is possible.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 7723-14-0.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: Information from more than one emergency response guide is associated with this material.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 133 (ERG, 2004)
- Flammable/combustible material.
- May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames.
- Some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect.
- Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence.
- Substance may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point.
- May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 136 (ERG, 2004)
- Extremely flammable; will ignite itself if exposed to air.
- Burns rapidly, releasing dense, white, irritating fumes.
- Substance may be transported in a molten form.
- May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
- Corrosive substances in contact with metals may produce flammable hydrogen gas.
- Containers may explode when heated.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS7723-14-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 133 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, sand, earth, water spray or regular foam.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 136 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, wet sand or wet earth.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 133 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 136 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray or fog.
Do not scatter spilled material with high pressure water streams.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 133 (ERG, 2004)

Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 136 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS7723-14-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

REACTIVITY HAZARD

White phosphorus oxidizes to phosphorus pentoxide in the presence of air which ignites spontaneously (Lewis, 1996) Rabinowitch, 1963).

Phosphorus may react vigorously with oxidizing materials (Lewis, 1996)

Phosphorus is incompatible with sulfur, iodine, oil of turpentine, and potassium chlorate (Budavari, 1996; ITI, 1995).

White phosphorus exposed to air under dark conditions will emit a greenish light and white fumes (Budavari, 1996).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 133 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 136 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 133 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 136 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 133 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 136 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Stay upwind.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS7723-14-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS7723-14-0 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Phosphorus (red)
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.05
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 0.4
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 3
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 4
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS7723-14-0 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS7723-14-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 5 mg/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 133 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 136 (ERG, 2004)
- Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 133 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 136 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
- For Phosphorus (UN1381): Special aluminized protective clothing should be worn when direct contact with the substance is possible.

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 136 (ERG, 2004)
- Cover with water, sand or earth. Shovel into metal container and keep material under water.
SMALL DRY SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 133 (ERG, 2004)
- With clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 133 (ERG, 2004)
- Wet down with water and dike for later disposal.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 136 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike for later disposal and cover with wet sand or earth.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

123.90

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Yellow/white phosphorus is colorless or white to yellow, soft, waxy, crystalline solid with an odor of garlic which darkens on exposure to light (HSDB , 2000; Budavari, 1996; Ellenhorn et al, 1997).

VAPOR PRESSURE

0.026 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1998)

DENSITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

SOLID: 1.88 g/cm(3) (Budavari, 1996)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

44.1 degrees C (Budavari, 1996)

BOILING POINT

280 degrees C (Budavari, 1996)

FLASH POINT

Ignites spontaneously in moist air at 30 degrees C and above (Budavari, 1996) ACGIH, 1998)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

almost insoluble in water (ITI, 1995)

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

40 CFR 372.28: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Lower thresholds for chemicals of special concern. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO). Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

49 CFR 172.101 - App. B: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials, Appendix B: List of Marine Pollutants. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 29, 2005.

49 CFR 172.101: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 11, 2005.

62 FR 58840: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 1997.

65 FR 14186: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 39264: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 77866: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

66 FR 21940: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2001.

67 FR 7164: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2002.

68 FR 42710: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2003.

69 FR 54144: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2004.

AIHA: 2006 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines and Workplace Environmental Exposure Level Guides Handbook, American Industrial Hygiene Association, Fairfax, VA, 2006.

AMA Department of DrugsAMA Department of Drugs: AMA Evaluations Subscription, American Medical Association, Chicago, IL, 1992.

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists : ACGIH 2010 Threshold Limit Values (TLVs(R)) for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs(R)), American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, OH, 2010.

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents