PHOSPHORIC ACID
HAZARDTEXT ®
Information to help in the initial response for evaluating chemical incidents
 -IDENTIFICATION
SYNONYMS
PHOSPHORIC ACID ACIDE PHOSPHORIQUE (French) ACIDO FOSFORICO (Italian) EVITS FOSFORZUUROPLOSSINGEN (Dutch) HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACID o-PHOSPHORIC ACID PHOSPHORIC ACID, AQUEOUS PHOSPHORSAEURELOESUNGEN (German) SONAC WC-REINIGER WHITE PHOSPHORIC ACID ORTHO-PHOSPHORAMIDE
IDENTIFIERS
1805-Phosphoric acid 1805-Phosphoric acid, liquid 1805-Phosphoric acid, solid 3453-Phosphoric acid, solid 1805-Phosphoric acid, solution
SYNONYM REFERENCE
- (HSDB , 1995)NIOSH, 1995;(RTECS , 1995)
USES/FORMS/SOURCES
In foods, it is used as a flavoring material, an acidulant, and a synergistic antioxidant and sequestrant in carbonated beverages. Phosphoric acid is also utilized in dental ceramics, for water treatment, in engraving processes, for the rustproofing of metals prior to painting, for metal pickling, in the coagulation of rubber latex, and as an analytic reagent in laboratories. It is also utilized in animal feeds, in sugar refining, in the manufacture of gelatin, in fertilizers, soaps and detergents (ie, metals cleaners, toilet bowl cleaners, and polishers), inorganic phosphates, pharmaceuticals, sugar refining, electropolishing, gasoline additive, conversion coatings for metals, catalyst for ethanol manufacture, lakes in cotton dyeing, yeasts, soil stabilizer, waxes and polishes, activated carbon, laboratory reagent, manufacture of superphosphates, and acid catalyst (ITI, 1985; ACGIH, 1986; Caravati, 1987; Budavari, 1996; Hathaway et al, 1996; Lewis, 1997; S Sweetman , 2001). Dilute phosphoric acid has been used in preparations for the management of nausea and vomiting, and in Great Britain, a technical grade of orthophosphoric acid in water, 1:330, is an approved disinfectant for foot-and-mouth disease (S Sweetman , 2001). In the past, it has also been used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of lead poisoning in animals (Budavari, 1996). In 1995, phosphoric acid was the seventh highest-volume chemical produced in the US (Lewis, 1997).
Phosphoric acid is unstable, orthorhombic crystals, or clear, syrupy liquid; easily supercooled into a glass; it is a mineral acid (Budavari, 1996) and is commonly produced as an 85%, 17M solution (Gosselin et al, 1984). At 20 degrees C, the 50% and 75% strengths are mobile liquids, the 85% is of a syrupy consistency, and the 100% acid is in the form of crystals (Lewis, 1997). Phosphoric acid contains 3.09% hydrogen, 65.31% oxygen, and 31.61% phosphorus (Budavari, 1996), and is a common air pollutant (Lewis, 2000). Phosphoric acid frequently crystallizes on prolonged cooling, and may form a hemihydrate with a melting point of 29.32 degrees C (Budavari, 1996). Phosphoric acid becomes anhydrous when heated to 150 degrees C, gradually changes to pyrophosphoric acid at about 200 degrees C, and then becomes metaphosphoric acid if heated to above 300 degrees C (Budavari, 1996).
Phosphoric acid is obtained commercially from phosphate rock deposits in Florida, Tennessee, and the Western United States, which are essentially tricalcium phosphate (Budavari, 1996). Derivation processes include the following (Budavari, 1996; Gosselin et al, 1984; Lewis, 1997): From phosphate rock by reacting tricalcium phosphate with water and sulfuric acid. Reagent grade phosphoric acid is 85 to 87% H3PO4 (weight/weight). Action of hydrochloric acid on phosphate rock, with extraction by tributylphosphate. By heating phosphate rock, coke, and silica in an electric furnace, burning the elemental phosphorus produced, and then hydrating the phosphoric oxide (furnace acid). When used as an agent for metal cleaning, phosphoric acid may react with impurities in the metal and release phosphine gas (Anon, 1955; Bingham et al, 2001).
-CLINICAL EFFECTS
GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Phosphoric acid at high concentrations is corrosive to all tissues with which it comes in contact. It can cause severe skin burns at concentrations of 75% or greater. Inhalation of the vapor or mist can cause eye, nose, throat, and respiratory irritation or coughing. When ingested, it can produce nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, acidosis, shock, and irritation or burns of the oropharyngeal mucosa, esophagus, and stomach.
- When used as an agent for metal cleaning, phosphoric acid may react with impurities in the metal and release phosphine gas.
- POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Phosphoric acid at high concentrations is corrosive to all tissue with which it comes in contact. It can cause severe skin burns at concentrations of 75% or greater. Inhalation of the vapor or mist can cause eye, nose, throat, and respiratory tract irritation and coughing (NIOSH/OSHA).
CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Skin irritation has been noted with chronic exposure (NIOSH/OSHA). There are no reported cases of phosphorus poisoning from chronic occupational exposure to phosphoric acid (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).
-FIRST AID
FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT
DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting (Caravati, 2004).
- ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/NOT RECOMMENDED
-MEDICAL TREATMENT
LIFE SUPPORT
- Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.
SUMMARY
- FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)
Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
FIRST AID EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. DERMAL EXPOSURE - Immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly. INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, and respiratory system (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).
GENERAL Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water. Ingestion may result in significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns, and EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED. Cautious gastric lavage followed by administration of activated charcoal may be of benefit if the patient is seen soon after the exposure.
INHALATION EXPOSURE INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm. If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents. ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.
DERMAL EXPOSURE DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999). Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.
EYE EXPOSURE DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
INGESTION EXPOSURE Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation, DO NOT induce emesis. Significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns may occur following ingestion. The possible benefit of early removal of some ingested material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed against potential complications of bleeding or perforation. DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting. Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.
-RANGE OF TOXICITY
MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE
MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE
Unacclimated workers could not endure exposure to fumes of phosphorus pentoxide (the anhydride of phosphoric acid) at a concentration of 100 mg/m(3) (Hathaway et al, 1996). Exposure to concentrations between 3.6 and 11.3 mg/m(3) produced cough, whereas concentrations of 0.8 to 5.4 mg/m(3) were noticeable but not uncomfortable (ACGIH, 1986). A subcohort of workers from 16 phosphate companies who were occupationally exposed to unspecified amounts of phosphoric acid had no significant increase in cause-specific mortality (Hathaway et al, 1996). A dilute solution buffered to pH 2.5 caused a moderate brief stinging sensation but no injury when dropped in the human eye (Hathaway et al, 1996). A 75% solution will cause severe skin burns (Hathaway et al, 1996). Ingestion of 90 to 120 mL of a 20% phosphoric acid-containing liquid porcelain and metal cleaner was survived (Caravati, 1987).
- Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7664-38-2 :
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Phosphoric acid EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Assessed under the IRIS program. ; Listed as: Phosphoric acid IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Phosphoric acid MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed
TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES
- EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS7664-38-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):
Oral: Inhalation: Unit Risk: RfC: 1x10(-2) mg/m3
Drinking Water:
Reference: RTECS, 1995 LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT: LD50- (ORAL)RAT: TDLo- (ORAL)HUMAN:
CALCULATIONS
-STANDARDS AND LABELS
WORKPLACE STANDARDS
- ACGIH TLV Values for CAS7664-38-2 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):
Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.
- AIHA WEEL Values for CAS7664-38-2 (AIHA, 2006):
- NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS7664-38-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
- OSHA PEL Values for CAS7664-38-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):
- OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS7664-38-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS7664-38-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS7664-38-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS7664-38-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):
- EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS7664-38-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS7664-38-2 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):
- DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS7664-38-2 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):
- EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS7664-38-2 (EPA, 2005):
SHIPPING REGULATIONS
- DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1805 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):
- DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 3453 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):
- ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1805 (ICAO, 2002):
Proper Shipping Name: Phosphoric acid, liquid UN Number: 1805 Proper Shipping Name: Phosphoric acid, solid UN Number: 1805
- ICAO International Shipping Name for UN3453 (ICAO, 2002):
LABELS
- NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS7664-38-2 (NFPA, 2002):
-HANDLING AND STORAGE
STORAGE
- ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS
-PERSONAL PROTECTION
SUMMARY
- RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)
Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
- Boots, protective gloves, and goggles or a face shield should be worn. Full protective clothing should be worn if contact with this material is a possibility. Broken containers should not be handled without protective equipment (AAR, 1992; CHRIS , 1995).
- For normal handling operations, assure that adequate ventilation is present and wear chemical goggles and a chemical cartridge respirator. A self-contained breathing apparatus, rubber gloves, and totally sealed overalls have also been recommended (ITI, 1988; Plunkett, 1976).
- GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS for hand protection (CCOHS, 1989):
Select a material and style of glove that adequately protects hands from hazard. Review Chemical Manufacturer's MSDS or Label, glove manufacturer's information, and regulatory/advisory agency sources to determine the protective ability of the glove. Inspect and test gloves for defects before using. Follow manufacturer's instructions for glove care and maintenance. Check gloves for proper fit. Wash off all chemical protective gloves with water before removing them. Evaluate material resistance under conditions of use. Variations between products may effect resistance. Maintain gloves carefully.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
- Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
- CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 7664-38-2.
-PHYSICAL HAZARDS
FIRE HAZARD
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004) Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.
Phosphoric acid is not combustible, but it produces hydrogen gas when in contact with common metals and may form flammable mixtures with air (HSDB , 1995) NFPA, 1991). Fires should be extinguished with an agent suitable for surrounding combustible materials (AAR, 1992). Cool containers exposed to the heat of a fire from the side with water until well after the fire is extinguished (AAR, 1987). Phosphoric acid sinks in and will mix with water. Mild heat evolution may occur when it reacts with water (CHRIS , 1995).
- FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION
- NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS7664-38-2 (NFPA, 2002):
- FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
- SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)
- LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)
Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
- TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
- NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS7664-38-2 (NFPA, 2002):
- Water may be used on fires involving phosphoric acid, and can be used to flush spilled material away . Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. It should be applied from as far away as possible (AAR, 1992) NFPA, 1991).
- Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire (NFPA, 1991).
- Combustion byproducts include oxides of phosphorus (NFPA, 1991).
Phosphoric acid is not combustible (NFPA, 1991). Contact with common metals produces hydrogen which may form flammable mixtures with air (HSDB , 1995). When heated to decomposition, phosphoric acid releases toxic and irritating oxides of phosphorus (Plunkett, 1976) NFPA, 1991). When used as an agent for metal cleaning, phosphoric acid may react with impurities in the metal and release phosphine gas (Clayton & Clayton, 1982; Anon, 1955). If PHOSPHINE exposure is a possibility, Refer to the TOMES PHOSPHINE MEDITEXT and HAZARDTEXT MANAGEMENTS for more information.
EXPLOSION HAZARD
- Interaction of sodium and other tetrahydroborates with anhydrous acids, such as phosphoric acid, to generate diborane is very exothermic, and may be dangerously violent with rapid mixing (HSDB , 1995).
- It produces hydrogen gas when in contact with common metals and may form flammable mixtures with air (NFPA, 1991; (CHRIS , 1995).
DUST/VAPOR HAZARD
- Phosphoric acid mist is a mild irritant of the eyes, upper respiratory tract, and skin. The dust is especially irritating to the skin in the presence of moisture (Hathaway et al, 1991).
- When heated to decomposition, phosphoric acid releases toxic and irritating oxides of phosphorus (Plunkett, 1976) NFPA, 1991).
- Phosphoric acid is not combustible, but it produces hydrogen gas when in contact with common metals and may form flammable mixtures with air (NFPA, 1991; (CHRIS , 1995).
- When used as an agent for metal cleaning, phosphoric acid may react with impurities in the metal and release phosphine gas (Clayton & Clayton, 1993). If PHOSPHINE exposure is a possibility, Refer to the TOMES PHOSPHINE MEDITEXT and HAZARDTEXT MANAGEMENTS for more information.
REACTIVITY HAZARD
- Phosphoric acid is not combustible in either solid or liquid form, but contact with common metals produces hydrogen which may form flammable mixtures with air (ACGIH, 1986; HSDB , 2002; NFPA, 1997).
- When heated to decomposition, phosphoric acid releases toxic and irritating oxides of phosphorus (Plunkett, 1976; NFPA, 1997).
- Phosphoric acid reacts with strong alkalies and most metals (NFPA, 1997).
- The hot concentrated acid attacks porcelain and granite ware (Budavari, 1996).
- Phosphoric acid is corrosive to ferrous metals and alloys (Lewis, 1993).
- Hot, dilute phosphoric acid reacts with nickel carbonate to form trinickel orthophosphate (HSDB , 2002).
- Phosphoric acid sinks in and will mix with water. Mild heat evolution may occur when it reacts with water (CHRIS , 2002).
- Phosphoric acid can be neutralized with lime (CHRIS , 2002).
- When used as an agent for metal cleaning, phosphoric acid may react with impurities in the metal and release phosphine gas (Clayton & Clayton, 1993). If PHOSPHINE exposure is a possibility, Refer to the TOMES PHOSPHINE MEDITEXT and HAZARDTEXT MANAGEMENTS for more information.
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
- Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
- SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)
Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.
- FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
- PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)
CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number: MEXICO: SETIQ: 01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.
CENACOM: 01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.
ARGENTINA: CIQUIME: 0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina; For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.
BRAZIL: PRÓ-QUÍMICA: 0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil); For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).
COLUMBIA: CISPROQUIM: 01-800-091-6012 in Colombia; For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.
CANADA: UNITED STATES:
For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.
- AIHA ERPG Values for CAS7664-38-2 (AIHA, 2006):
- DOE TEEL Values for CAS7664-38-2 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):
Listed as Phosphoric acid TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 1 TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 3 TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 500 TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 500 Definitions: TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects. TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure. TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape. TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.
- AEGL Values for CAS7664-38-2 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):
- NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS7664-38-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
IDLH: 1000 mg/m3 Note(s): Not Listed
CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS
SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004) ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004) Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
At the time of this review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices (HSDB , 1995). The wet process phosphoric acid industry has historically treated its acid-containing wastewaters with lime and then discharged the treated water. The IMC Fertilizer plant (New Wales Operation, Mulberry, Florida, USA) has been successfully operating without any liquid discharge since its start-up in 1975 by controlling waste generation and by recycling (pp 227-238). Phosphate Adsorption: A laboratory scale reactor, consisting of zinc chloride activated nutshell charcoal, was set up to adsorb phosphate ions from wastewater. The highest value phosphate adsorption, from a 4 g/L solution, was 57% for an adsorbent particle size of 106.1 mu/m (Bhargava & Sheldarkar, 1992).
Phosphoric acid can be neutralized with lime followed by flushing with water (CHRIS , 1995). Crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime may be used as neutralizing agents (AAR, 1992). Spilled material can be covered with either sodium carbonate or an equal-parts mixture of soda ash and slaked lime. Mix these materials, adding water as necessary to form a slurry (ITI, 1988).
Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk to personnel. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal. Report any release in excess of 5000 pounds (NFPA, 1991). Crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime may be used as neutralizing agents for phosphoric acid (AAR, 1992). Phosphoric acid can be neutralized with lime followed by flushing with water (CHRIS , 1995). Land Spill: Pits, ponds, or lagoons may be constructed to contain spilled material (AAR, 1992). Land Spill: Dikes should be constructed of soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete to contain surface flow (AAR, 1992). Land Spill: Bulk liquid may be adsorbed with cement powder or fly ash (AAR, 1992). Land Spill: Sodium bicarbonate, agricultural lime (slaked lime), or crushed limestone can be used as neutralizing agents (AAR, 1992). Water Spill: Sodium bicarbonate, agricultural lime (slaked lime), or crushed limestone can be used as neutralizing agents (AAR, 1992). Water Spill: The pH should be adjusted to neutral (AAR, 1992). Water Spill: Mechanical dredges or lifts can be used to remove immobilized masses of pollutants or precipitates (AAR, 1992). Air Release: Water spray or mist can be used to knock down vapors. Water used to knock down vapors may be corrosive or toxic, and should be diked for containment and later disposal (AAR, 1992).
-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT
POLLUTION HAZARD
- AIR: Phosphoric acid is a common air contaminant (HSDB , 1995).
- WATER: Phosphoric acid is dangerous to aquatic life in high concentrations. It may be dangerous if it enters water intakes. Notify local health and wildlife officials. Notify operators of nearby water intakes (CHRIS , 1995).
- SOIL: When spilled onto soil, phosphoric acid will infiltrate downward, the rate being greater with lower concentration because of reduced viscosity (HSDB , 1995).
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY
- ECOTOXICITY VALUES (HSDB , 1995)
TLm, mosquito fish, 138 mg/L/24 to 96 hours in turbid water at 22 to 24 degrees C, conditions of bioassay not specified
- AIR: In an inhalation-chamber study to assess acute and subacute effects of four whole-body phosphoric-acids-aerosol exposures in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) and rock doves (Columba livia), 1 male rock dove died on day 3 post-exposure to 4.0 mg/L aerosol (Sterner, 1993).
- WATER: Phosphoric acid is lethal to fully developed fish in most natural waters only when the pH is 5 or less (OHM/TADS , 1995).
- Phosphoric acid is dangerous to aquatic life in high concentrations (CHRIS , 1995).
-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE
- Phosphoric acid is unstable, orthorhombic crystals, or clear, syrupy liquid; easily supercooled into a glass. Phosphoric acid is a tribasic acid (Budavari, 1996).
At 20 degrees C, the 50% and 75% strengths are mobile liquids, the 85% is of a syrupy consistency, and the 100% acid is in the form of crystals (Lewis, 1997).
- ODOR: Odorless (Lewis, 1997)
- TASTE: Pleasing acid taste when suitably diluted (Budavari, 1996)
- COLOR: Colorless (Lewis, 1997)
- It releases heat when dissolved in water (AAR, 2000).
PH
- 1.5 (for 0.1N aqueous solution) (Budavari, 1996)
VAPOR PRESSURE
- 0.03 mmHg at 20 degrees C (NFPA, 1991)
DENSITY
- NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg) LIQUID (100% Solution): 1.8741 g/cm(3) (Budavari, 1996) LIQUID (85% Solution): 1.6850 g/cm(3) (Budavari, 1996) LIQUID (50% Solution): 1.3334 g/cm(3) (Budavari, 1996) LIQUID (10% Solution): 1.0523 g/cm(3) (Budavari, 1996)
- OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE
FREEZING/MELTING POINT
42.35 degrees C (Budavari, 1989) An acid containing about 88% phosphoric acid will frequently crystallize on prolonged cooling to form the hemihydrate, with a melting point of 29.32 (Budavari, 1989).
BOILING POINT
- 213 degrees C (Clayton & Clayton, 1993) NFPA, 1991)
SOLUBILITY
OTHER/PHYSICAL
K1 = 7.107 x 10(-3) (Budavari, 1989) K2 = 7.99 x 10(-8) (Budavari, 1989) K3 = 4.8 x 10(-13) (Budavari, 1989)
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