PERFLUOROISOBUTYLENE

Perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) is reported to be under development as a new generation of chemical warfare agents. Short exposures may be disabling and smaller concentrations may cause a delayed death. It will cause pulmonary edema when used as an inhalant. Most existing protection equipment and activated charcoal offer no protection against its use.

PFIB has been synthesized at 99+% purity and stored in Class 1A cylinders at concentrations of 10,000 ppm in nitrogen (Smith et al, 1982).

FORMS

Perfluoroisobutene (PFIB) is an organofluorine (fluoroalkene) and edematogenic gas which is a thermal decomposition product of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) and perfluoroethylpropylene (Halon 1301) (Hathaway et al, 1991; p 169; Onyefuru et al, 1996). The gas is colorless and toxic, causing marked lung injury, in particular, permeability pulmonary edema (Lehnert et al, 1995; Smith et al, 1982).
Perfluoroisobutylene, a Teflon decomposition product, is the most toxic of the known fluoroalkene compounds, and has a toxicity 10 times greater than that of phosgene in experimental animals. It is colorless and a potent irritant of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes.

SOURCES

Perfluoroisobutylene is evolved as a thermal decomposition product from Teflon and Halon 1301 at temperatures of 315 to 500 degrees C or greater (Hathaway et al, 1991). It is also a by-product of tetrafluoroethylene production (Lehnert et al, 1995).
At temperatures above 400 degrees C, the principle toxic decomposition products of Teflon are PERFLUOROISOBUTYLENE and CARBONYL FLUORIDE (Okawa & Polakoff, 1974).
Teflon itself, is a highly stable thermoplastic homopolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, composed of at least 20,000 C2F4 monomer units linked into quite long unbranched chains, with a molecular weight that may be in the millions. Teflon is inert under ordinary conditions (Budavari, 1996; ILO, 1983).

The fumes are more toxic when Teflon is heated to 800 degrees C than when it is heated to 625 degrees C (Clayton & Clayton, 1994). In one occupational setting, cases of polymer fume fever were noted in either smokers or employees who worked in areas where the temperature of thermal processing was 480 degrees C instead of the prescribed 360 degrees C (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
Filtering the particulate material produced at temperatures of 450 degrees C prevented the development of clinical signs in subsequently exposed experimental animals, indicating that the particulates themselves contain the toxic agent (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Waritz & Kwon, 1968).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB), a Teflon decomposition product, is the most toxic of the known fluoroalkene compounds, and has a toxicity 10 times greater than that of phosgene in experimental animals. It is colorless and a potent irritant of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes.

Acute human exposures have produced headache, cough, substernal chest pain, dyspnea and fever, followed by pneumonitis and pulmonary edema within several hours. Short exposures to high inhalational concentrations may result in death due to pulmonary edema within 24 hours. No cumulative toxicity is apparent following subacute exposures.
Although polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) is inert under ordinary circumstances, when the polymer is heated under conditions of inadequate ventilation, polymer fume fever may result.
Polymer fume fever is an influenza-like syndrome. When Teflon is heated to between 315 and 375 degrees C, inhalation exposure to the fumes can cause chills, fever, profuse sweating, cough, dyspnea, flu-like symptoms, and chest tightness, which are generally self-limited and last for 24 to 48 hours. Respiratory discomfort may persist for several weeks after an acute attack.
If smoking tobacco is contaminated with even very small amounts of Teflon, polymer fume fever may result.
Polymer fume fever is similar to metal fume fever, and occurs after inhalation exposure to the pyrolysis products of fluorocarbon polymers, especially polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon). Pulmonary infiltrates are often seen in patients with polymer fume fever.

PFIB is an edematogenic toxin, producing pulmonary edema, with symptoms of chest discomfort and shortness of breath.

Teflon decomposition products are temperature dependent.

At temperatures of 315 to 375 degrees C and up to 500 degrees C, Teflon decomposition products are primarily the monomer, tetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroisopropylene, other C4-C5 perfluoro-compounds, and an unidentified waxy particulate fume (which may be the etiologic agent for polymer fume fever).
At decomposition temperatures of 500 to 800 degrees C, the principal decomposition product is CARBONYL FLUORIDE, which is hydrolyzable to CARBON DIOXIDE and HYDROGEN FLUORIDE.

If exposure to these decomposition products is a possibility, refer to the CARBONYL FLUORIDE and HYDROFLUORIC ACID HAZARDTEXT Hazard Managements and the FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS and HYDROFLUORIC ACID MEDITEXT Medical Managements for further information.

It is possible that PFIB may be under development as a new generation of chemical warfare agents.

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID

OBSERVATION CRITERIA -

Symptomatic patients should be observed in a controlled setting for 24 to 36 hours for delayed respiratory effects.
Patients that have been observed for several hours following an exposure, and remain asymptomatic, may be treated as outpatients. The patient should be instructed to return to a health care facility if any symptoms develop.
Patients that were initially symptomatic who become asymptomatic after 24 to 36 hours of observation may be released with arrangement of follow-up appointment to assess pulmonary status.
Close outpatient follow-up should be continued in patients who develop adult respiratory distress syndrome since these patients are at high risk to develop bronchiolitis obliterans within several weeks.

RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - Treatment of pulmonary edema caused by perfluoroisobutylene inhalation should be directed toward the reversal of ventilatory failure by using oxygen and assisting ventilation.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ANIMAL DATA

Various Teflon decomposition products vary widely in toxicity in experimental animals (ILO, 1983).
The LC50 in rats for a 4-hour inhalation exposure varies from 40,000 ppm for the tetrafluoroethylene monomer to 0.76 ppm for perfluoroisobutylene (ILO, 1983).
Perfluoroisobutylene is the most toxic of the known fluoroalkene compounds, and has a toxicity 10 times greater than that of phosgene in experimental animals (Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988; Waritz & Kwon, 1968), with a 6-hour inhalation exposure to 0.5 ppm being lethal (Waritz & Kwon, 1968).
In inhalation experiments with perfluoroisobutylene, rats were given nose-only exposure to various concentrations for between 0.25 and 10 minutes (Smith et al, 1982). LC50's were calculated for a 0.25-minute exposure (361 ppm) and a 10-minute exposure (17 ppm).

The development of weight loss and pulmonary impairment was seen up to 48 hours after the exposure, and affected animals either died with pulmonary congestion or recovered completely without apparent sequelae (Smith et al, 1982).

Rats and mice were killed by a 2-hour inhalation exposure to 0.018 or 0.015 mg/L of perfluoroisobutylene (Karpov, 1963).
Birds are more susceptible to the toxic effects of Teflon decomposition products than are humans (Griffith et al, 1973).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

Although much has been discovered about the toxicity of various Teflon decomposition products, no practical way has ever been developed to express a safe level for exposure, especially for the prevention of polymer fume fever (etiologic agent is unknown) (Okawa & Polakoff, 1974).
Safe use of Teflon products without special engineering controls can generally be done at process temperatures of 275 degrees C (527 degrees F) or lower (Okawa & Polakoff, 1974).

ANIMAL DATA

The minimally TOXIC perfluoroisobutylene dose in rats, mice, cats, and rabbits with a 2-hour inhalation exposure was 0.0026 to 0.0028 mg/L.

This minimally TOXIC dose was based on reversible changes in the blood circulation, pulmonary emphysema, thickening of the alveolar septa, and permeation of the vascular walls with plasma.

Chronic exposure to 0.0002 mg/L of perfluoroisobutylene for 6 hours daily for 9 months had no effects.
Animals who became intoxicated in these studies developed excitation, followed by neural inhibition and immobility. Necropsy studies showed necrotic changes in the brain, heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys.
In chronic exposure studies, rats developed lowered physical endurance, altered formation of conditioned reflexes, decreased oxygen consumption, and decreased CNS excitability. Pathological changes were found at necropsy in the lungs, nervous system, and circulatory system.
(REFERENCE - Karpov, 1963)
No evidence of lung injury was seen in rats exposed to 50 or 83 mg/m(3) of perfluoroisobutylene for 10 minutes; exposure to 90 mg/m(3) produced gravimetric and histopathological changes in the lungs after a latent period of several hours (Lehnert et al, 1993).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS382-21-8 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Perfluoroisobutylene
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS382-21-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 2000; Hathaway et al, 1991; ILO, 1983; Smith et al, 1982; Zook et al, 1983
- LC50- (INHALATION)GUINEA_PIG:
- LC50- (INHALATION)RABBIT:
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)MOUSE:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS382-21-8 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Perfluoroisobutylene

TLV:

TLV-TWA:
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling: 0.01 ppm

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): URT irr; hematologic eff
Molecular Weight: 200.04

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS382-21-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS382-21-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS382-21-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS382-21-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS382-21-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS382-21-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS382-21-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS382-21-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS382-21-8 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS382-21-8 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS382-21-8 (EPA, 2005):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS382-21-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

A medical surveillance program should be established for workers who may be exposed to Teflon decomposition products, concentrating on the respiratory system (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
Monitoring urinary fluoride levels might be used as an indication of exposure (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
Adequate local exhaust ventilation to keep airborne levels of pyrolysis products as low as possible should be provided in any area where Teflon may undergo heating or pyrolysis (ILO, 1983).

Workplace ventilation recommendations have been made for operations involving thermal processing of Teflon (Clayton & Clayton, 1994):
Processing Temperature (degrees C) Ventilation Recommendation (cubic feet/ minute/pound of resin)
230 0.50
260 1.3
290 3.5
320 10
340 33
370 73
400 180
425 325

Smoking must not be permitted in any area where Teflon particulate resin may be present. Workers who may have hands contaminated with Teflon resin particulates must be instructed to wash thoroughly and carefully before smoking to avoid contaminating cigarettes with the resin and inhaling pyrolysis products subsequently produced (ILO, 1983).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 382-21-8.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS382-21-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS382-21-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Reactivities (NFPA, 1986):

Teflon can ignite in a fluorine-oxygen mixed atmosphere.
Teflon, used as a 20 AWG wire insulation material, ignited at 1300 degrees F in a 5 psia pure oxygen atmosphere.
A Teflon-based sealing tape burned vigorously when in contact with a sodium-potassium alloy in a helium atmosphere.

Perfluoroisobutylene emits toxic and irritating fluoride fumes when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1992).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS382-21-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Listed as Perfluoroisobutylene
ERPG-1 (units = ppm): Not appropriate
ERPG-2 (units = ppm): 0.1
ERPG-3 (units = ppm): 0.3
Under Ballot, Review, or Consideration: No
Definitions:

ERPG-1: The ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing more than mild, transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor.
ERPG-2: The ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take protective action.
ERPG-3: The ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS382-21-8 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Perfluoroisobutylene (Octafluoro-sec-butene)
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 0.005
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 0.015
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 0.11
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 0.33
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS382-21-8 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Listed as: Perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB)
Proposed Value:

AEGL-1

10 min exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of insufficient data
mg/m3:

30 min exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of insufficient data
mg/m3:

1 hr exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of insufficient data
mg/m3:

4 hr exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of insufficient data
mg/m3:

8 hr exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of insufficient data
mg/m3:

Definitions:

AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.

Listed as: Perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB)
Proposed Value:

AEGL-2

10 min exposure:

ppm: 0.67 ppm
mg/m3: 5.5 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 0.22 ppm
mg/m3: 1.8 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.11 ppm
mg/m3: 0.9 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.028 ppm
mg/m3: 0.23 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.014 ppm
mg/m3: 0.11 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

Listed as: Perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB)
Proposed Value:

AEGL-3

10 min exposure:

ppm: 2 ppm
mg/m3: 16 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 0.67 ppm
mg/m3: 5.5 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.33 ppm
mg/m3: 2.7 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.083 ppm
mg/m3: 0.68 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.042 ppm
mg/m3: 0.34 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS382-21-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

PERFLUOROISOBUTYLENE: 200.04 (RTECS , 2000; Lewis, 1992)

TEFLON (POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE): Greater than 1,000,000 (Budavari, 1996; ILO, 1983)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Perfluoroisobutylene is a toxic, colorless gas (Smith et al, 1982).

Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) is a greyish-white or opaque milk-whitish plastic material that is inert, temperature-resistant, and has a waxy, slippery feel (Hathaway et al, 1991; ILO, 1983; Lewis, 1993) HSDB, 1996).

Teflon can be greyish-white transparent thin sheets, a soft and waxy milk-white solid, or a white powder (HSDB, 1996).

DENSITY

STANDARD TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(0 degrees C; 32 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
LIQUID: 1.5922 g/mL (ACGIH, 1992)

BOILING POINT

200.04 degrees C (ACGIH, 1992)

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

40 CFR 372.28: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Lower thresholds for chemicals of special concern. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO). Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

49 CFR 172.101 - App. B: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials, Appendix B: List of Marine Pollutants. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 29, 2005.

62 FR 58840: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 1997.

65 FR 14186: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 39264: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 77866: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

66 FR 21940: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2001.

67 FR 7164: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2002.

68 FR 42710: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2003.

69 FR 54144: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2004.

AIHA: 2006 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines and Workplace Environmental Exposure Level Guides Handbook, American Industrial Hygiene Association, Fairfax, VA, 2006.

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents