PERACETIC ACID

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

STCC NUMBER

4919570

DESIGNATIONS

BEILSTEIN HANDBOOK REFERENCE:4-02-00-00390

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C2-H4-O3
CH3CO-O-OH

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

146-ORGANIC PEROXIDES (HEAT, CONTAMINATION AND FRICTION SENSITIVE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(Ashford, 1994; HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1996; RTECS , 2000)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Peracetic acid is used as a disinfectant for food and beverage equipment and as a biocide in paper production (Ashford, 1994). This compound is used as a polymerization initiator, curing agent, and cross-linking agent (Lewis, 1996). Peracetic acid has also been used as a cold-temperature sterilant because it is an effective bactericide, fungicide, and viricide. It has also been used as a pre-operative hand sterilant (Clayton & Clayton, 1993).
Peracetic acid is used as a bleaching agent for textiles, papers, oils, waxes, and starches. It is also used as a polymerization catalyst; as a bactericide and fungicide (especially in food processing); in the epoxidation of fatty acid esters and epoxy resin precursors; as a reagent in making caprolactam and synthetic glycerine (ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1997). It is also used as an oxidant for preparing epoxy compounds and as a sterilizing agent (Sittig, 1991).
Peracetic acid is used as a post-harvest spray for bananas, berries, other fruits, vegetables, and containers. It is also used as a wash for eggs and as a treatment for containers used in crop harvest (HSDB , 2000).
A concentration of 0.1% peracetic acid in water is an effective disinfection for Schiotz tonometers (Grant, 1993).
Peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide acted synergistically as a sporicide. The minimal sporicidal concentration (MSC) was: peracetic acid 168 to 336 ppm (1 to 2 hours contact time), hydrogen peroxide 5625 to 11250 ppm (5 to 7 hours contact time). The combination of 21 ppm of peracetic acid and 2813 ppm of hydrogen peroxide gave total disinfection of hollow fibers in 2 to 3 h of contact (Alasri et al, 1993).

FORMS

Peracetic acid exists as a colorless liquid. Typical grades of purity are 40% peracetic acid, 40% acetic acid, 5% hydrogen peroxide, 13% water, 500 ppm stabilizer (CHRIS , 2000). "Not over 40% peracetic acid and not over 6% hydrogen peroxide (Lewis, 1996).
Commercial preparations are available as 40 percent solutions (Gosselin et al, 1984), but cannot be obtained free from hydrogen peroxide (Coppinger et al, 1983).

SOURCES

Peracetic acid is produced from acetaldehyde (air oxidation, co-produced with acetic acid). It is also formed by mixing acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide (sulfuric acid process) (Ashford, 1994; Lewis, 1997). It is also formed by the reaction of acetaldehyde and oxygen in "the presence of cobalt acetate" (Budavari, 1996). "A 50% solution may be obtained from acetic anhydride, hydrogen peroxide, and sulfuric acid" (Budavari, 1996).
"Commercially, ozone is used as a catalyst below 15 degrees C in the production of peracetic acid from acetaldehyde and ozone" (HSDB , 2000).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Peracetic acid as a vapor or liquid is corrosive to the eyes and skin, and to mucous membranes. Pain, irritation and ulceration of tissues may occur after contact. Contact with eyes may cause corrosive corneal burns and blindness. Significant absorption through the skin or by inhalation may be fatal.

Ingestion may cause difficulty swallowing, nausea, vomiting, and oral, esophageal, and gastrointestinal tract burns, followed by circulatory collapse and shock.

Animals that died from acute or subacute inhalation poisoning had lesions confined to the lungs.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 146 (ERG, 2004)

Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with substance may cause severe injury or burns.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

EMESIS/NOT RECOMMENDED -

Induction of emesis is not recommeded.

DILUTION -

If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. The exact ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting (Caravati, 2004).
USE OF DILUENTS IS CONTROVERSIAL: While experimental models have suggested that immediate dilution may lessen caustic injury (Homan et al, 1993; Homan et al, 1994; Homan et al, 1995), this has not been adequately studied in humans.
DILUENT TYPE: Use any readily available nontoxic, cool liquid. Both milk and water have been shown to be effective in experimental studies of caustic ingestion (Maull et al, 1985a; Rumack & Burrington, 1977; Homan et al, 1995; Homan et al, 1994; Homan et al, 1993).
ADVERSE EFFECTS: Potential adverse effects include vomiting and airway compromise (Caravati, 2004).
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Do NOT attempt dilution in patients with respiratory distress, altered mental status, severe abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting, or patients who are unable to swallow or protect their airway. Diluents should not be force fed to any patient who refuses to swallow (Rao & Hoffman, 2002).

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL -

Use of activated charcoal is of unknown value and not routinely recommended as it may induce vomiting and obscure endoscopy findings.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 146 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.
Remove material from skin immediately.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
Carefully observe patients with inhalation exposure for the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.

EYE EXPOSURE

CAUSTIC EYE DECONTAMINATION: Immediately irrigate each affected eye with copious amounts of water or sterile 0.9% saline for about 30 minutes. Irrigating volumes up to 20 L or more have been used to neutralize the pH. After this initial period of irrigation, the corneal pH may be checked with litmus paper and a brief external eye exam performed. Continue direct copious irrigation with sterile 0.9% saline until the conjunctival fornices are free of particulate matter and returned to pH neutrality (pH 7.4). Once irrigation is complete, a full eye exam should be performed with careful attention to the possibility of perforation.
EYE ASSESSMENT: The extent of eye injury (degree of corneal opacification and perilimbal whitening) may not be apparent for 48 to 72 hours after the burn.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

ORAL EXPOSURE

MUCOSAL DECONTAMINATION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. The exact ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting. Patients should not be forced to drink after ingestion of an acid, nor should they be allowed to drink larger volumes since this may induce vomiting, and thereby re-exposure of the injured tissues to the corrosive acid. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion.
GASTRIC DECONTAMINATION: Ipecac contraindicated. Activated charcoal is not recommended as it may interfere with endoscopy and will not reduce injury to GI mucosa. Consider insertion of a small, flexible nasogastric or orogastric tube to suction gastric contents after recent large ingestion of a strong acid; the risk of further mucosal injury or iatrogenic esophageal perforation must be weighed against potential benefits of removing any remaining acid from the stomach.
ENDOSCOPY: Early endoscopy allows patients without gastrointestinal injury to be medically cleared, and provides important prognostic information in patients who do have varying degrees of gastrointestinal burns. In addition, it facilitates the safe placement of enteral feeding tubes thereby shortening the period of time that patients with burns are without enteral nutritional support. Endoscopy should be performed within the first 24 hours post-ingestion, and should be avoided from 2 days to 2 weeks post-ingestion since wound tensile strength is lowest and the risk of perforation highest during this time. Endoscopy is indicated for all adults with deliberate ingestion or any signs or symptoms attributable to ingestion, and for children with stridor, vomiting, or drooling. Consider endoscopy in children with dysphagia, refusal to swallow, significant oral burns, or abdominal pain. If second or third degree burns are found, follow 10 to 20 days later with barium swallow or esophagram.
SURGICAL OPTIONS: Initially, if severe esophageal burns are found a string may be placed in the stomach to facilitate later dilation. Insertion of a specialized nasogastric tube after confirmation of a circumferential burn may prevent strictures. Dilation is indicated after 2 to 4 weeks if strictures are confirmed; if unsuccessful, either colonic intraposition or gastric tube placement may be performed. Consider early laparotomy in patients with severe esophageal and/or gastric burns.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

At the time of this review, the minimum lethal human exposure has not been established. But is felt to be in the range of 50-500 mg/kg (Sittig, 1991).
The upper tolerance limit for human skin is a 0.4% solution (Merka & Urban, 1976).

ANIMAL DATA

A solution of 2 percent peracetic acid in acetone killed all mice early in a chronic dermal application study, while solutions of 1 percent peracetic acid in acetone or 3 percent peracetic acid in water were well tolerated (Bock et al, 1975).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The upper tolerance limit for human skin is a 0.4 percent concentration (Merka & Urban, 1976).

ANIMAL DATA

RABBIT - 500 milligrams applied to open rabbit skin caused severe irritative effects, while 1 milligram applied to rabbit eyes had similarly severe irritative effects (Sax, 1984).
RABBIT - A 0.1 percent solution in water was not irritating to rabbit eyes, while a 10 percent solution caused ulceration, corneal perforation, and symblepharon formation despite prompt water irrigation following the application (Grant, 1986).
MICE - Temporary lung lesions and a negative effect on weight gain was noted in mice with subacute inhalation exposure to 70 milligrams/cubic meter (Merka & Urban, 1976).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS79-21-0 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 3B ; Listed as: Peracetic acid

Category 3B : Substances for which in vitro or animal studies have yielded evidence of carcinogenic effects that is not sufficient for classification of the substance in one of the other categories. Further studies are required before a final decision can be made. A MAK value can be established provided no genotoxic effects have been detected. (Footnote: In the past, when a substance was classified as Category 3 it was given a MAK value provided that it had no detectable genotoxic effects. When all such substances have been examined for whether or not they may be classified in Category 4, this sentence may be omitted.)

NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS79-21-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: Clayton & Clayton, 1993 Lewis, 1996 ) RTECS, 2000
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
- TDLo- (SKIN)MOUSE:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS79-21-0 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS79-21-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS79-21-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS79-21-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS79-21-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Threshold Quantity, in pounds:1000
Threshold Quantity, in pounds:1000

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS79-21-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS79-21-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS79-21-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS79-21-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Peracetic Acid
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 500

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

500
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS79-21-0 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Peracetic acid
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS79-21-0 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS79-21-0 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Ethaneperoxoic acid

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS79-21-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Peracetic Acid (Less than 40%)
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 3

(3) Seriously toxic material. Short term exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury even though prompt medical treatment is given. Includes known or suspect small animal carcinogens, mutagens, or teratogens.

Flammability Rating (Red): 2

(2) Combustible. Materials that must be moderately heated before ignition can occur. Including liquids having a flash point above 100 degrees F, and solids that readily give off flammable vapors.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 4

(4) Materials which in themselves are readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal temperatures and pressures. Includes materials which are shock sensitive at normal temperatures and pressures.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: OX

OX: Oxidizer. Denotes materials that are oxidizing agents. These compounds give up oxygen easily, remove hydrogen from other compounds, or attract negative electrons.

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Containers of peracetic acid are stable if kept "cool and out of contact with most metals." The concentration will decrease by 0.4% each month, at temperatures of 30 degrees C (CHRIS , 2000). This dangerous, corrosive, strong oxidizer should be kept away from combustible materials (Lewis, 1996).
Peracetic acid should be stored in a dry, cool, fire-resistant, well-ventilated, isolated area (ITI, 1995; NFPA, 1997). Store separately from acids, alkalies, organic materials, and heavy metals (NFPA, 1997). Compound should be stored away from accelerators, oxidizers, and flammable materials and protected from physical damage (Sittig, 1991).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Typical shipping containers include "bottles packed in insulating material." Polyethylene-lined drums or cans can also be used (NFPA, 1997). Containers should be equipped with safety relief venting (CHRIS , 2000). Typical shipping strength is approximately 35% by weight (NFPA, 1997).
Peracetic acid should be stored in a dry, cool, fire-resistant, well-ventilated, isolated area (ITI, 1995; NFPA, 1997). Store separately from acids, alkalies, organic materials, and heavy metals (NFPA, 1997). Compound should be stored away from accelerators, oxidizers, and flammable materials and protected from physical damage (Sittig, 1991).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Peracetic acid is thermally unstable and is normally stored in a refrigerated environment at temperatures between 60-122 degrees F (CHRIS , 2000; NFPA, 1997). Detached or outside storage is recommended (NFPA, 1997).
Large-quantity storage areas should be equipped with automatic sprinklers (ITI, 1995).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Store separately from acids, alkalies, organic materials, and heavy metals (NFPA, 1997). Compound should be stored away from accelerators, oxidizers, and flammable materials and protected from physical damage (Sittig, 1991).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 146 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

Sittig (1991) reports that an acid gas respirator may be effective if peracetic acid vapor is present.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 79-21-0.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Butyl

North Safety Products

Butyl Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: 40% in water
Citation: (North, 2002)

Natural Rubber

Perfect Fit Glove Co, LLC

Sensitron Sterile CC 511

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 20
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 91.6
Notes: 0.32
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

Sensitron Sterile PF 510

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 20
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 91.6
Notes: 0.32
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

Nitrile

Perfect Fit Glove Co, LLC

Niprotect/Exam 997

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: 32%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)
Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: 32%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

Niprotect CC 529

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: 32%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)
Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: 32%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

Niprotect PF/999

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: 0.32
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)
Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: 0.32
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

Viton

North Safety Products

Viton Series

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 444
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 71
Notes: 40% in water
Citation: (North, 2002)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

North Safety Products 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.northsafety.com Email: marketing@northsafety.com
Perfect Fit Glove Co, LLC 85 Innsbruck Dr. Buffalo, NY 14227 USA Phone: (800) 245-6837 Fax: (716) 668-3224 Toll-Free: (800) 245-6837 Website: http://www.perfectfitglove.com Email: perfectfitglove@perfectfitglove.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 146 (ERG, 2004)
- May explode from heat, shock, friction or contamination.
- May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
- May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
Peracetic acid is a combustible liquid (Lewis, 1996). Irritating, explosive, and flammable vapors are produced when involved in a fire. This compound (concentrations >56%) may detonate on contact with combustibles, due to the evaporation of acetic acid (CHRIS , 2000; NFPA, 1997). Containers of peracetic acid may explode in a fire. Fire-exposed containers can be cooled with water (CHRIS , 2000).
Peracetic acid is a severe explosion hazard, when exposed to heat or by spontaneous chemical reaction. Compound will explode violently at 110 degrees C (Lewis, 1996).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS79-21-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Peracetic Acid (Less than 40%)
Flammability Rating: 2

(2) Combustible. Materials that must be moderately heated before ignition can occur. Including liquids having a flash point above 100 degrees F, and solids that readily give off flammable vapors.

INITIATING OR CONTRIBUTING PROPERTIES

At concentrations >56%, peracetic acid is sensitive to shock and friction. Compound will form corrosive mixtures with water. Vapors from peracetic acid may deflagrate (NFPA, 1997).

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 146 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray or fog is preferred; if water not available use dry chemical, CO2 or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 146 (ERG, 2004)

Flood fire area with water from a distance.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS79-21-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Peracetic Acid (Less than 40%)
Extinguishing Method(s): Not Listed

Peracetic acid is thermally unstable and may decompose explosively (NFPA, 1997). Fires involving peracetic acid can be fought using flooding quantities of water, foam, or carbon dioxide (Lewis, 1996; NFPA, 1997).

When fighting large fires, the area should be flooded with water (Sittig, 1991).

When heated, closed containers may rupture violently (NFPA, 1997). Water can be used to cool affected containers. Before clean-up and salvage operations, containers should be allowed to cool completely (Sittig, 1991).

Fires should be fought upwind, from a protected location, and from as far a distance as possible (NFPA, 1997). When fighting advanced or massive fires, area should be evacuated. Self-contained breathing apparatus and complete protective clothing should be worn when fighting fires involving this compound (Sittig, 1991).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Peracetic acid, when heated to decomposition, emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes (Lewis, 1996; NFPA, 1997).
This compound (concentrations >56%) may detonate on contact with combustibles, due to the evaporation of acetic acid (CHRIS , 2000; NFPA, 1997).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Peracetic acid is a severe explosion hazard, when exposed to heat or by spontaneous chemical reaction (Lewis, 1996). Compound will explode violently at 110 degrees C (Ashford, 1994; Lewis, 1996). Peracetic acid will explode when mixed with acetic anhydride or 5-p-chlorophenyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-hexanone (Lewis, 1996). Peracetic acid will form an explosive mixture with air (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

This compound (concentrations >56%) may detonate on contact with combustibles, due to the evaporation of acetic acid (CHRIS , 2000; NFPA, 1997).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Peracetic acid, when heated to decomposition, emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes (Lewis, 1996; NFPA, 1997). Vapors from peracetic acid may deflagrate (NFPA, 1997).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Peracetic acid is self-reactive, it must be handled in small quantities and with extreme care because is quite unstable and may even explode during distillation, even under reduced pressure. It is corrosive to most metals, including aluminum (CHRIS , 2000). Peracetic acid is a powerful oxidizer (Lewis, 1996; Sittig, 1991).

Peracetic acid will form an explosive mixture with air. This compound will react violently with (CHRIS , 2000; HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1996; Pohanish & Greene, 1997; Urben, 1995):

Acetic anhydride (forms acetyl peroxide - an extremely sensitive explosive)
5-p-Chlorophenyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-hexanone (extremely explosive)
Combustibles
Ether solvents (tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether) (violent reaction)
Heavy metals
Magnesium
Metal chlorides (violent exothermic decomposition)
Metal oxides
Metal chloride solutions (calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride)
3-Methyl-3-buten-1-yl tetrahydropyranyl ether
Nickel
Olefins
1-Octene (explosive)
Organic matter (such as cotton, wood, and straw)
Paper
Phosphorus
Reducing agents (explosive)
Sodium nitride
Solvents
Strong bases
Zinc

At concentrations >56%, peracetic acid is sensitive to shock and friction. Compound will form corrosive mixtures with water. Vapors from peracetic acid may deflagrate (NFPA, 1997).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 146 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial evacuation for at least 250 meters (800 feet).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 146 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 146 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS79-21-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS79-21-0 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Peracetic acid
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.15
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 0.52
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 1.6
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 15
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS79-21-0 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Listed as: Peracetic acid
Final Value:

AEGL-1

10 min exposure:

ppm: 0.52 ppm
mg/m3: 0.17 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 0.52 ppm
mg/m3: 0.17 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.52 ppm
mg/m3: 0.17 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.52 ppm
mg/m3: 0.17 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.52 ppm
mg/m3: 0.17 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.

Listed as: Peracetic acid
Final Value:

AEGL-2

10 min exposure:

ppm: 1.6 ppm
mg/m3: 0.5 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 1.6 ppm
mg/m3: 0.5 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 1.6 ppm
mg/m3: 0.5 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 1.6 ppm
mg/m3: 0.5 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 1.6 ppm
mg/m3: 0.5 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

Listed as: Peracetic acid
Final Value:

AEGL-3

10 min exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: 60 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: 30 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: 15 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: 6.3 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: 4.1 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS79-21-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 146 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Keep substance wet using water spray.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 146 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
Keep unauthorized persons away from spilled material. Persons should avoid contact with liquid and vapor. Ignition sources should be shut-off (CHRIS , 2000; Sittig, 1991). Leaks should be stopped, if possible without unnecessary risk (Sittig, 1991). Water spray can be used to cool and disperse vapors, dilute spills (to form non-flammable mixtures), and to protect personnel (NFPA, 1997; Sittig, 1991).
Spills can be absorbed in a noncombustible material, such as vermiculite, and separated for proper disposal (NFPA, 1997; Sittig, 1991). Absorbed material can then be swept and placed in a metal container for immediate disposal. Spark-generating metals or organic materials should not be used for sweeping or handling peracetic acid. The absorbed solution should be disposed of in small quantities, "by placing it on the ground and igniting with a long torch." A 10% sodium hydroxide solution should be used to wash empty containers (Sittig, 1991).
Spilled material can be covered with a reducing agent such as hypo, ferrous or bisulfite salts. If ferrous or bisulfite salts are used, a 3 molar solution of sulfuric acid should be added for a more rapid reaction. The absorbed material can then be placed in a large container of water and neutralized with soda ash (ITI, 1995).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 146 (ERG, 2004)
- Take up with inert, damp, non-combustible material using clean non-sparking tools and place into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 146 (ERG, 2004)
- Wet down with water and dike for later disposal.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Peracetic acid is released to the environment through its manufacture and use. It is also formed naturally through a sequence of photochemical reactions which involve formaldehyde and photo-oxidant radicals (HSDB , 2000).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

In the ambient atmosphere, peracetic acid is expected to exist in the vapor phase. In the atmosphere, it is degraded by a reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of approximately 4 days. Because of the high water solubility, peracetic acid will dissolve in clouds and rainwater and has been found in acid rain (HSDB , 2000). Howard (1991) reports half-lives ranging from 13.8 hours to 138 hours (5.75 days), based upon an estimated photooxidation half-life in air.

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- In water, the estimated Koc value of peracetic acid indicates that it is not expected to absorb to suspended solids or sediment. Peracetic acid is expected to somewhat dissociate at environmental pH values, based on a measured pKa value of 8.2. Peracetic acid will slowly hydrolyze to acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. It will also slowly volatilize from water surfaces, based on its measured Henry's Law constant (HSDB , 2000).
- In a model river, the estimated half-life is 15 days. It is 112 days in a model lake (HSDB , 2000). Howard (1991) reports half-lives ranging from 4 hours to 168 hours (7 days) in surface water and 48 hours to 336 hours (14 days) in groundwater. For both surface and groundwater, the high values are based upon estimated high values for aqueous aerobic biodegradation. In surface water, the low value is based upon and estimated low value for aqueous photooxidation. In groundwater, the low value is based upon scientific judgement regarding the potential reactivity with organic material in groundwater.

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Based on and estimated Koc value of 4, peracetic acid is expected to have high mobility in soil. It is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces, based upon the vapor pressure. It is also expected to volatilize from moist soil, due to the measured Henry's Law constant of 2.14 x 10(-6) atm-m(3)/mol. Under aerobic conditions, this compound will biodegrade (HSDB , 2000). Howard (1991) reports half-lives ranging from 4 hours to 48 hours. These values are based upon the expected high reactivity of peracetic acid with organic matter in soil.

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

At environmental pH values, peracetic acid is expected to dissociate, based upon a measured pKa value of 8.2. Peracetic acid has an estimated vapor-phase reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals of 4.04 x 10(-12) m(3)/molecule-sec (at 25 degrees C). It has an atmospheric half-life of about 4 days, based on a concentration of 5.0 x 10(5) hydroxyl radicals per m(3) (HSDB , 2000).

BIODEGRADATION

In water, peracetic acid has aerobic half-lives ranging from 24 hours to 168 hours (7 days). These values are based upon scientific judgement regarding the rapid aerobic biodegradation of acetic acid. Also, peracetic acid has anaerobic half-lives ranging from 96 hours to 672 hours (28 days). The anaerobic values are based upon scientific judgement regarding the estimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-lives (Howard, 1991).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

Based upon an estimated BCF value of 1, peracetic acid is not expected to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms. Peracetic acid is not expected to bioaccumulate (CHRIS , 2000).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

The effect of low concentrations of peracetic acid on aquatic life is unknown. Peracetic acid may be dangerous if it enters water intakes (CHRIS , 2000).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

76.06

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Colorless liquid with a strong, acrid odor (CHRIS, 2005; Ashford, 1994) . It is stable in a dilute aqueous solution (Budavari, 1996). Does not react with water (CHRIS, 2005). Peracetic acid is a strong oxidizing agent (Budavari, 1996).

VAPOR PRESSURE

14.5 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB, 2005)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

1.226 (15/4 degrees C) (HSDB, 2005)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

1.23 (NFPA, 1997)

DENSITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
LIQUID: 1.153 (estimated) (CHRIS, 2005)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

-0.2 degrees C(HSDB, 2005)

BOILING POINT

105 degrees C; 221 degrees F (Lewis, 1996; NFPA, 1997)

Decomposes violently at 110 degrees C; 230 degrees F (NFPA, 1997; Sittig, 1991)

FLASH POINT

104 degrees F (open cup) (CHRIS, 2005)

41 degrees C; 105 degrees F (60% solution) (NFPA, 1997)

40.6 degrees C (open cup) (ITI, 1995)

40.5 degrees C; 105 degrees F (open cup) (Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997)

38 degrees C; 100 degrees F (Pohanish & Greene, 1997)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

200 degrees C; 392 degrees F (CHRIS, 2005; NFPA, 1997)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Freely soluble in water (Budavari, 1996). Mixes with water (CHRIS, 2005). Very soluble in water (HSDB, 2005).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Freely soluble in alcohol, ether, and sulfuric acid (Budavari, 1996). Very soluble in ether, sulfuric acid and soluble in ethanol (HSDB, 2005).

HENRY'S CONSTANT

2.08 x 10(-6) atm-m(3)/mole (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB, 2005)

2.14 x 10(-6) atm-m(3)/mole (HSDB, 2005)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

3-4 (Organic Electronic Spectral Data, Phillips et al, John Wiley & Sons, New York) (HSDB, 2005)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

DISSOCIATION CONSTANT

pKa = 8.20 (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB, 2005)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.3974 (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB, 2005)

VISCOSITY

3.280 cP (at 78 degrees F) (HSDB, 2005)

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

40 CFR 372.28: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Lower thresholds for chemicals of special concern. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO). Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

49 CFR 172.101 - App. B: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials, Appendix B: List of Marine Pollutants. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 29, 2005.

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