AMMONIUM NITRATE

2426-Ammonium nitrate, liquid (hot concentrated solution)
1942-Ammonium nitrate, with not more than 0.2% combustible substances
3375-Ammonium nitrate emulsion
3375-Ammonium nitrate gel
3375-Ammonium nitrate suspension

MOLECULAR FORMULA

HNO3.H3N NH4NO3 H4N2O3

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

140-OXIDIZERS(for UN/NA Numbers2426,1942and3375)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

It is an oxidizing agent and can self-ignite when in contact with powdered metals and some organic materials, such as UREA and ACETIC ACID (HSDB). Because it can self-detonate, in contrast to many of the other nitrates, it is considered a HIGH EXPLOSIVE and is an ingredient of military explosives and pyrotechnic mixtures (Sax, 1984).

FORMS

AMMONIUM NITRATE occurs as a colorless, odorless crystalline or white granular solid, which is very soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, and insoluble in ether (HSDB).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 140 (ERG, 2004)

Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Ammonium nitrate is a mild eye and respiratory tract irritant (HSDB) and may be absorbed through intact skin (AH Hall , 1990). It can cause methemoglobinemia in large, unspecified doses. Symptoms of methemoglobinemia include blue lips, eyelids, earlobes, and skin, headache, weakness, dizziness, loss of coordination, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, and drowsiness.

It is not clear from the literature what level of exposure to ammonium nitrate is required to cause methemoglobinemia. In a controlled inhalation exposure to 200 mcg/m(3)/2 hours, there were no reported adverse effects in human volunteers (HSDB). Up to 10.5 grams were ingested by volunteers with apparently no permanent effects (HSDB).

Acute oral exposures in rats caused behavioral changes and altered blood cholinesterase (Yuldashev, 1981).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Chronic exposure to ammonium nitrate would be expected to produce the same symptoms as acute exposure. There have been reports of occupational exposures to ammonium nitrate causing faintness and low blood pressure (Sax, 1984). One review mentioned it to be an allergen (Sax, 1984), but original studies confirming allergenic activity of ammonium nitrate were not found at the time of this review.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 140 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

GENERAL -

The following information is for Nitrates in general.
INHALATION EXPOSURE -

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Some chemicals can produce systemic poisoning by absorption through intact skin. Carefully observe patients with dermal exposure for the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.

EYE EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE -

Since nitrates can be quite irritating to the mucous membranes, dilution is advisable prior to gastric decontamination.
DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting.
Do not induce emesis.
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue).

Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years).
Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia.

HYPOTENSION - Administer IV fluids and place in Trendelenburg position. If unresponsive to these measures, administer dopamine (2 to 5 mcg/kg/min) (first choice) or norepinephrine (0.1 to 0.2 mcg/kg/min) and titrate as needed to desired response.
METHEMOGLOBINEMIA: Determine the methemoglobin concentration and evaluate the patient for clinical effects of methemoglobinemia (ie, dyspnea, headache, fatigue, CNS depression, tachycardia, metabolic acidosis). Treat patients with symptomatic methemoglobinemia with methylene blue (this usually occurs at methemoglobin concentrations above 20% to 30%, but may occur at lower methemoglobin concentrations in patients with anemia, or underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disorders). Administer oxygen while preparing for methylene blue therapy.
METHYLENE BLUE: INITIAL DOSE/ADULT OR CHILD: 1 mg/kg IV over 5 to 30 minutes; a repeat dose of up to 1 mg/kg may be given 1 hour after the first dose if methemoglobin levels remain greater than 30% or if signs and symptoms persist. NOTE: Methylene blue is available as follows: 50 mg/10 mL (5 mg/mL or 0.5% solution) single-dose ampules and 10 mg/1 mL (1% solution) vials. Additional doses may sometimes be required. Improvement is usually noted shortly after administration if diagnosis is correct. Consider other diagnoses or treatment options if no improvement has been observed after several doses. If intravenous access cannot be established, methylene blue may also be given by intraosseous infusion. Methylene blue should not be given by subcutaneous or intrathecal injection. NEONATES: DOSE: 0.3 to 1 mg/kg.
Concomitant use of methylene blue with serotonergic drugs, including serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), triptans, and ergot alkaloids may increase the risk of potentially fatal serotonin syndrome.
EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION - Should be performed in severely symptomatic patients, especially in neonates and children, if methemoglobinemia is not responsive to methylene blue therapy.
HYPERBARIC OXYGEN - May be used as a supportive measure while preparations for exchange transfusions are being made. HBO therapy can provide sufficient oxygen to maintain life as dissolved oxygen in blood and obviates temporarily the need for functional hemoglobin.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

ANIMAL DATA

The minimum lethal toxicity of ammonium nitrate for Rana temporaria chensinensis (tadpoles) was 0.91 g/L (HSDB , 1993).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

At one time ammonium nitrate was used as a cathartic. Occasionally, methemoglobinemia would develop. No specific toxic dose was determined. Symptoms were seen with as little as 24 g and as much as 276 g in adults.
Factors which seemed to influence the development of symptoms included the daily dose, total dose, and condition of the patient. Patients with bowel diseases, constipation, or other illnesses seemed to be more likely to develop toxicity (Tarr, 1933).

CASE REPORTS

Ingestion of 64 to 234 g of ammonium nitrate produced mild toxicity in a series of 5 patients (Challoner & McCarron, 1988).

Ingestion of 96 and 127 g resulted in mild methemoglobinemia (13 and 12%, respectively) (Challoner & McCarron, 1988).

Eusterman and Keith (1929) showed cyanosis and methemoglobinemia after ingestion of 54 g of ammonium nitrate in a 32-year-old patient, and after ingestions of 24 and 89 g in a 47-year-old patient.
Ingestion of 15 g per day for 10 days produced cyanosis in an adult patient (Barker & O'Hare, 1928).
A patient with chronic nephrosis and constipation developed methemoglobinemia after ingestion of 120 g distributed over 12 days (Keith et al, 1930).
Tarr (1933) described a 45-year-old patient who was able to tolerate 696 g of ammonium nitrate (6 g per day) without methemoglobinemia, but developed this condition after two weeks of 9 g per day.
A total of 50 g of ammonium nitrate over 8 days produced methemoglobinemia and cyanosis in a 48-year-old (Tarr, 1933).

Two hundred and fifty-two g (6 g per day) over 42 days produced methemoglobin in a 73-year-old (Tarr, 1933).
Headache, nausea, and dizziness preceded the development of methemoglobinemia in a 65-year-old patient who ingested 276 g over 46 days (Tarr, 1933).

A 22-year-old man ingested 96 g of ammonium nitrate and presented with mild hypotension, bradycardia, and methemoglobinemia (Challoner & McCarron, 1988).

Nausea and vomiting are the first signs to be noted following ingestion. Spontaneous emesis and gastritis were reported in 3 patients who ingested 127 to 234 g of ammonium nitrate; two had signs of gastrointestinal hemorrhage (Challoner & McCarron, 1988).

ANIMAL DATA

TADPOLES - The maximum tolerance concentrations of ammonium nitrate for Rana temporaria chensinensis tadpoles was 0.83 g/L. In field experiments, concentrations of 0.25 g/L had no adverse effect on the tadpoles as reflected by their growth rate (HSDB , 1993).
LIVESTOCK - 400 mg/L has been suggested as a toxic limit for livestock (HSDB , 1993).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS6484-52-2 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS6484-52-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 1993
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS6484-52-2 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS6484-52-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS6484-52-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS6484-52-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS6484-52-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS6484-52-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS6484-52-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS6484-52-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS6484-52-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS6484-52-2 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:
Footnote to 40 CFR 372.65(e):

Note: Ammonium nitrate (solution) is removed from this listing; the removal is effective July 2, 1995, for the 1995 reporting year.

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS6484-52-2 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS6484-52-2 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Nitric acid ammonium salt

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2426 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Ammonium nitrate, liquid (hot concentrated solution)

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 5.1

5.1: Oxidizer. See 49 CFR section 173.127 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2426
Packing Group: Not Listed
Label(s) required (if not excepted): 5.1

5.1: Oxidizer.

Special Provisions: B5, T7

B5: Only ammonium nitrate solutions with 35 percent or less water that will remain completely in solution under all conditions of transport at a maximum lading temperature of 116 °C (240 °F) are authorized for transport in the following bulk packagings: MC 307, MC 312, DOT 407 and DOT 412 cargo tanks with at least 172 kPa (25 psig) design pressure. The packaging shall be designed for a working temperature of at least 121 °C (250 °F). Only Specifications MC 304, MC 307 or DOT 407 cargo tank motor vehicles are authorized for transportation by vessel.
T7: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: None
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: Forbidden

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: D

D: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but the material is prohibited on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 59, 60

59: Stow "separated from" combustible materials.
60: Stow "separated from" chlorates, chlorites, hypochlorites, nitrites, perchlorates, permanganates, and metallic powders.

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1942 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Ammonium nitrate, with not more than 0.2% total combustible material, including any organic substance, calculated as carbon to the exclusion of any other added substance

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 5.1

5.1: Oxidizer. See 49 CFR section 173.127 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1942
Packing Group: III

III: Packing Group III - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is minor.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 5.1

5.1: Oxidizer.

Special Provisions: T1, TP33, A1, A29, IB8, IP3

T1: Minimum test pressure (bar): 1.5; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(2).
TP33: The portable tank instruction assigned for this substance applies for granular and powdered solids and for solids which are filled and discharged at temperatures above their melting point which are cooled and transported as a solid mass. Solid substances transported or offered for transport above their melting point are authorized for transportation in portable tanks conforming to the provisions of portable tank instruction T4 for solid substances of packing group III or T7 for solid substances of packing group II, unless a tank with more stringent requirements for minimum shell thickness, maximum allowable working pressure, pressure-relief devices or bottom outlets are assigned in which case the more stringent tank instruction and special provisions shall apply. Filling limits must be in accordance with portable tank special provision TP3. Solids meeting the defnintion of an elevated temperature material must be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.
A1: Single packagings are not permitted on passenger aircraft.
A29: Combination packagings consisting of outer expanded plastic boxes with inner plastic bags are not authorized for transportation by aircraft.
IB8: Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, 21H2, 31H1 and 31H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, 21HZ2, 31HZ1 and 31HZ2); Fiberboard (11G); Wooden (11C, 11D and 11F); Flexible (13H1, 13H2, 13H3, 13H4, 13H5, 13L1, 13L2, 13L3, 13L4, 13M1 or 13M2).
IP3: Flexible IBCs must be sift-proof and water-resistant or must be fitted with a sift-proof and water-resistant liner.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 152
Non-bulk packaging: 213
Bulk packaging: 240

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 25 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 100 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: 48, 59, 60, 116

48: Mixtures of solids which are not subject to this subchapter and toxic liquids may be transported under this entry without first applying the classification criteria of Division 6.1, provided there is no free liquid visible at the time the material is loaded or at the time the packaging or transport unit is closed. Each packaging must correspond to a design type that has passed a leakproofness test at the Packing Group II level. This entry may not be used for solids containing a Packing Group I liquid.
59: Ferrocerium, stabilized against corrosion, with a minimum iron content of 10 percent is not subject to the requirements of this subchapter.
60: After September 30, 1997, an oxygen generator, chemical, that is shipped with its means of initiation attached must incorporate at least two positive means of preventing unintentional actuation of the generator, and be classed and approved by the Associate Administrator. The procedures for approval of a chemical oxygen generator that contains an explosive means of initiation (e.g., a primer or electric match) are specified in sxn. 173.56 of this subchapter. Each person who offers a chemical oxygen generator for transportation after September 30, 1997, shall: (1) ensure that it is offered in conformance with the conditions of the approval; (2) maintain a copy of the approval at each facility where the chemical oxygen generator is packaged; and (3) mark the approval number on the outside of the package.
116: Fuzes, detonating may be classed in Division 1.4 if the fuzes do not contain more than 25 g of explosive per fuze and are made and packaged so that they will not cause functioning of other fuzes, explosives or other explosive devices if one of the fuzes detonates in a shipping packaging or in adjacent packages.

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 3375 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Ammonium nitrate emulsion or Ammonium nitrate suspension or Ammonium nitrate gel, intermediate for blasting explosives

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 5.1

5.1: Oxidizer. See 49 CFR section 173.127 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN3375
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted):

Not Listed

Special Provisions: 147, 163

147: This entry applies to non-sensitized emulsions, suspensions and gels consisting primarily of a mixture of ammonium nitrate and a fuel intended to produce a Type E blasting explosive only after further processing. The mixture typically has the following composition: 60--85% ammonium nitrate; 5--30% water; 2--8% fuel; 0.5--4% emulsifier or thickening agent; 0--10% soluble flame suppressants; and trace additives. Other inorganic nitrate salts may replace part of the ammonium nitrate. These substances may not be classified and transported unless approved by the Associate Administrator.
163: Substances must satisfactorily pass Test Series 8 of the UN MAnual of Tests and Criteria, Part I, Section 18 (IBR, see Sec. 171.7 of this subchapter).

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 214
Bulk packaging: 214

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: Forbidden

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: D

D: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but the material is prohibited on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 48, 59, 60, 66, 124

48: Stow "away from" sources of heat.
59: Stow "separated from" combustible materials.
60: Stow "separated from" chlorates, chlorites, hypochlorites, nitrites, perchlorates, permanganates, and metallic powders.
66: Stow "separated from" flammable solids.
124: Stow "separated from" bromates.

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2426 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Ammonium nitrate, liquid (hot concentrated solution)
UN Number: 2426

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1942 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Ammonium nitrate with not more than 0.2% combustible substances, including any organic substance calculated as carbon, to the exclusion of any other added substance
UN Number: 1942

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN3375 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Ammonium nitrate emulsion intermediate for blasting explosives
UN Number: 3375
Proper Shipping Name: Ammonium nitrate gel intermediate for blasting explosive
UN Number: 3375
Proper Shipping Name: Ammonium nitrate suspension intermediate for blasting explosive
UN Number: 3375

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS6484-52-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location (NFPA, 1991).
Store on clean concrete floors or on wooden pallets. When stored directly on a concrete floor, the floor should be covered first with a moisture insulator such as a polyethylene sheet. Bags of ammonium nitrate should be stored not less than 30 inches away from the walls of a storage building. The bags should be stacked and made accessible, with proper ventilation provided. Stacks should be not more than 8 feet wide and 7 feet high. Where applicable, the bags should be kept at least 36 inches from the eaves and from support beams and rafters overhead. Open flames, sparks and other sources of heat should be kept 50 feet away from storage area of bags. Emptied bags should be disposed of promptly and properly (HSDB , 1993).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Separate from acids, alkalies, reducing agents, and combustible materials (NFPA, 1991).
Do not store above 130 degrees F (HSDB , 1993).
Heat, confinement, and impurities render it more susceptible to violent explosion (OHM/TADS , 1993).
Smoking within 50 feet of storage areas must be prohibited (HSDB , 1993).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 140 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 6484-52-2.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Butyl

Guardian Manufacturing Group

CP-25

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): None detected
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)

Neoprene

Guardian Manufacturing Group

IN-35

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): None detected
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Applicable
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

Guardian Manufacturing Group 302 Conwell Avenue Willard, OH 44890-9525 USA Phone: (419) 933-2711 Fax: (419) 935-8961 Toll-Free: (800) 243-7379 Website: http://www.guardian-mfg.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 140 (ERG, 2004)
- These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire.
- Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- May explode from heat or contamination.
- Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels).
- May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
Ammonium nitrate itself does not readily burn but will do so if contaminated by combustible material; it will accelerate the burning of combustible material (AAR, 1987).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS6484-52-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 140 (ERG, 2004)

Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 140 (ERG, 2004)

Flood fire area with water from a distance.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS6484-52-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

To fight fire, use large amounts of water. This material must be kept as cool as possible; remove from confinement if possible (Sax & Lewis, 1987).

Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products (NFPA, 1991).

If fire becomes uncontrollable, consider evacuation of a one-mile radius (AAR, 1987).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Highly toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced during combustion (AAR, 1987; (NFPA, 1991).
Combustion by-products also include ammonia (NFPA, 1991).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Ammonium nitrate may explode under confinement and high temperatures, but is not readily detonated (Sax & Lewis, 1987).

Ammonium nitrate explodes more readily if contaminated with combustibles (Sax & Lewis, 1987).

For example, ammonium nitrate of any grade, including fertilizer, when contaminated with oil, charcoal, or other organic materials, should be considered an explosive capable of detonation by combustion or by explosion of adjacent explosive materials (NFPA, 1991).

Closed containers may rupture violently when heated (NFPA, 1991).

Ammonium nitrate may be made resistant to flame and detonation by a proprietary process involving addition of 5 to 10% ammonium phosphate (Sax & Lewis, 1987).

Mixtures of sodium perchlorate and ammonium nitrate are explosive (HSDB , 1993).

Also see the Reactivity Hazard Section.

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Highly toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced during combustion (AAR, 1987; (NFPA, 1991).

Combustion by-products also include ammonia (NFPA, 1991).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Ammonium nitrate is a strong oxidizing agent (Sax & Lewis, 1987).

Ammonium nitrate reacts violently with reducing agents, strong acids, powdered metals, and organic materials (NFPA, 1991).

Ammonium nitrate itself does not readily burn but will do so if contaminated by combustible material; it will accelerate the burning of combustible material (AAR, 1987).

Highly toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced during combustion. Combustion by-products also include ammonia (AAR, 1987; (NFPA, 1991).

Ammonium nitrate is incompatible with the following substances (Bretherick, 1990):

Acetic acid

Concentrated mixtures ignite on warming

Acetic anhydride + hexamethylenetetramine acetate + nitric acid
Aluminum + calcium nitrate + formamide
Ammonia

Depending on the conditions, presence of free ammonia in ammonium nitrate may either stabilize, or tend to destabilize, the salt.

Ammonium chloride + (barium nitrate) + water + zinc

Addition of water to an intimate mixture of zinc powder and the salts causes spontaneous ignition, and a mixture of ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride (9:1) sprinkled with zinc dust ignites vigorously when moistened.

Ammonium phosphate + potassium sulfate

Danger of thermal explosion during granulation process of fertilizer manufacturing.

Ammonium sulfate + potassium

Ammonium nitrate containing the sulfate readily explodes on contact with potassium or its alloy with sodium.

Alkali metals

Sodium progressively reduces the nitrate, eventually forming a yellow explosive solid, probably sodium hyponitrite.

Calcium superphosphate + lignin + phosphoric acid + urea
Charcoal + metal oxides
Chloride salts

The nitrate containing 0.1% of ammonium chloride decomposes vigorously below 175 degrees C. Presence of 0.1% of calcium chloride or iron(III) chloride in the nitrate lowers its initiation temperature sufficiently to give violent or explosive decomposition.

Copper iron(II) sulfide

During preparations for blasting the sulfide mineral copper pyrites, ammonium nitrate-based blasting cartridges exploded prematurely in the blast holes. This was attributed to exothermic interaction of acid groundwater with the sulfide-oxidant combination.

Cyanoguanidine
Fertilizer materials

Mixtures of ammonium nitrate, superphosphate and organic materials stored in bulk may ignite if the internal temperature exceeds 90 degrees C. This is owing to the free acid in the superphosphate, and may be prevented by neutralization with ammonia.

Hydrocarbon oils
Metals

Many of the following powdered metals reacted violently or explosively with fused ammonium nitrate below 200 degrees C:
Aluminum
Antimony
Bismuth
Brass
Cadmium
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Nickel
Stainless steel
Tin
Zinc

Metal salts

Catalytic effects on the thermal decomposition and burning under nitrogen of the nitrate were determined for the following:
Ammonium dichromate
Barium chloride
Potassium chromate
Potassium dichromate
Potassium nitrate
Sodium chloride

Nitric acid
Non-metals

The powdered salt in admixture with charcoal explodes at 170 degrees C, or the solid salt on contact with glowing charcoal. Phosphorus ignites on the fused salt.

Organic fuels
Potassium nitrite

Contact of the solid nitrate with fused nitrite causes incandescence.

Potassium permanganate
Sawdust

A violent explosion in an ammonium nitrate store with sawdust-covered floors (to absorb spillage and prevent sparks) was attributed to local decomposition of the moist nitrate-containing sawdust, leading to temperature rise and spontaneous ignition.

Sugar

Mixtures of the salt with sugar syrup are effective explosives.

Sulfide ores
Sulfur
Trinitroanisole
Urea

Explosion hazard.

Water

Hot aqueous solutions of the nitrate of above 50% concentration may decompose explosively under adiabatic conditions and under conditions of confinement (small, or no vents).

Also see the Explosion Hazard Section.

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 140 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 140 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 140 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

If fire becomes uncontrollable, consider evacuation of a one-mile radius (AAR, 1987).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS6484-52-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS6484-52-2 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Ammonium nitrate
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.015
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 0.0.4
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 0.3
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 500
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS6484-52-2 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS6484-52-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 140 (ERG, 2004)
- Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Do not get water inside containers.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 140 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
At the time of this review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices (HSDB , 1993).
Spill on Land: Contain if necessary by forming mechanical and/or chemical barriers to prevent spreading. Shovel spilled material into non-combustible containers for disposal (HSDB , 1993).
Spill on Water: Activated carbon can be applied, at 10% the spilled amount, over the region occupied by 10 mg/L or greater concentration. Mechanical dredges or lifts may be used to remove immobilized masses of pollutants (HSDB , 1993).
An ion-exchange process has been used successfully to treat waste streams ranging in solute concentration from 1700 to 11,000 ppm. The process uses a classical demineralization system (HSDB , 1993).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL LIQUID SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 140 (ERG, 2004)
- Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.
SMALL DRY SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 140 (ERG, 2004)
- With clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 140 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Following product recovery, flush area with water.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Ammonium nitrate is a nutrient in water. Spills of ammonium nitrate may cause massive algal blooms in static waters and affect local species population balance in the aquatic environment (HSDB , 1993).

Ammonium nitrate is quite soluble in water (250 g/100 mL at 20 degrees C). Thus, if precipitation occurs prior to cleanup, or if water is used to disperse the spilled chemical, the solution produced can infiltrate the soil and migrate downward toward the groundwater system (HSDB , 1993).

Ammonium nitrate will be taken up by bacteria. Nitrate is more persistent in water than the ammonium ion. Nitrate degradation is fastest in anaerobic conditions (HSDB , 1993).

SOIL: When spilled on soil, the liquid form will spread on the surface and penetrate into the soil at a rate dependent on the soil type and its water content (HSDB , 1993).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- Potential for accumulation or concentration in food chain: None (OHM/TADS , 1993)

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

ECOTOXICITY VALUES

LD50, Aspergillus niger (fungus), 15 mg/L/40 hours (36 degrees C) (HSDB , 1993)

ECOTOXICITY STUDIES

Ammonium nitrate fertilizer (NO3-/L) concentrations at or below 200 mg/L resulted in significant mortality after 15 days in three of six amphibian species tested. Hypha arborea, common tree frog, was the most sensitive species with the lowest static test level (50 mg/L) producing 95% mortality at day 8 (Ortiz et al, 2004).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

80.06 (HSDB , 1993)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Odorless (CHRIS , 1993; HSDB , 1993)

colorless (Sax & Lewis, 1987)

white to gray or brown (NFPA, 1991)

colorless in water (OHM/TADS , 1993)

5.43 (0.1 M aqueous solution) (HSDB , 1993)

VAPOR PRESSURE

No information found at the time of this review.

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

1.725 (Sax & Lewis, 1987)

DENSITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

1.725 g/cm(3) (Sax & Lewis, 1987)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

169.6 degrees C (Sax & Lewis, 1987)

BOILING POINT

This compound decomposes at 210 degrees C with evolution of nitrous oxide (Sax & Lewis, 1987).

FLASH POINT

No information found at the time of this review.

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

- No information found at the time of this review.

UPPER

- No information found at the time of this review.

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Ammonium nitrate is soluble in water (Sax & Lewis, 1987).
118.3 g/100 cc water (at 0 degrees C) (HSDB , 1993)
871 g/100 cc water (at 100 degrees C) (HSDB , 1993)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

This compound is soluble in alcohol (Sax & Lewis, 1987).
3.8 g/100 cc ethanol (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1993)
17.1 g/100 cc methanol (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1993)
Ammonium nitrate is soluble in ammonia and acetone, and insoluble in ether (HSDB , 1993).

OTHER

It is soluble in alkalies (Sax & Lewis, 1987).

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

40 CFR 372.28: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Lower thresholds for chemicals of special concern. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO). Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

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AMMONIUM NITRATE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents