OUABAIN

OUABAIN
ACOCANTHERIN
ASTROBAIN
CARD-20(22)-ENOLIDE, 3-((6-DEOXY-alpha-L-MANNOPYRANOSYL)OXY)-1,5,11,1,4,19-PENTAHYDROXY-,(1beta,3beta,5beta,11alpha)-
3-((6-DEOXY-alpha-L-MANNOPYRANOSYL)OXY)-1,5,11alpha,14,19-PENTAHYDROXYCARD-20(22)-ENOLIDE
GRATIBAIN
GRATUS STROPHANTHIN
G-STROPHANTHIN
G-STROPHICOR
KOMBETIN
OUABAGENIN-L-RHAMNOSID (German)
OUABAGENIN L-RHAMNOSIDE
OUABAINE
PUROSTROPHAN
RECTOBAINA
SOLUFANTINA
STRODIVAL
STROPHALEN
STROPHANTHIN G
STROPHANTHIN THOMS
g-STROPHANTHIN
STROPHOPERM
STROPHOSAN
UABAINA
UABANIN

IDENTIFIERS

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER

630-60-4(Ouabain)

NIOSH/RTECS NUMBER

RN 3675000

UN/NA NUMBER

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C29-H44-O12

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

151-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(RTECS , 1990; Budavari, 1989; HSDB , 1990)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Ouabain is a cardiac glycoside compound. It is used as a research drug, and in the medical treatment of congestive heart failure (HSDB , 1993).

FORMS

Ouabain is a naturally-occurring compound in the plants Strophanthus gratus and Acokanthera ouabaoi (Budavari, 1989). It exists as an odorless white, hygroscopic crystalline or powder solid. It is soluble in alcohol, hot water, dioxane, and amyl alcohol, and is slightly soluble in chloroform, ether, and ethyl acetate (HSDB , 1993).
Ouabain is a cardiac glycoside compound. Its pharmacologic activity is similar to that of DIGOXIN and DIGITOXIN. The mode of action of all cardiac glycosides is binding and inhibition of the sodium-potassium ATPase in the cellular membrane and subsequent interference with cellular ion transport (Hastreiter et al, 1988).
Ouabain is a SUPER-TOXIC SUBSTANCE, with an estimated lethal dose being only a few milligrams. Ouabain is ODORLESS (EPA, 1985). ODOR IS NOT AN ADEQUATE WARNING TO PREVENT OVEREXPOSURE.
The following information is for CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES in general. Any or all of these effects might occur with ouabain exposure; those which have been documented specifically with ouabain exposure are indicated. The pharmacology of cardiac glycosides has been reviewed (Bigger, 1985; Hastreiter et al, 1988).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Ouabain is a cardiac glycoside which has a similar mechanism of action to DIGITOXIN and DIGOXIN. All of the effects described below have not necessarily been documented for ouabain, but are known or expected from cardiac glycosides. Both acute and chronic poisoning may result in vomiting, bradycardia, varying degrees of AV block, atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias, and mental status changes.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Ouabain is a SUPER-TOXIC substance; the estimated oral lethal dose in humans is less than 5 mg/kg, or a TOTAL of 10 to 20 mg for a 70-kg (150-pound) person (EPA, 1985). Ouabain is toxic by the oral, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intravenous, and parenteral exposure routes (Sax & Lewis, 1989). It is poorly absorbed from the digestive tract, however, and most of an oral dose is not systemically absorbed (HSDB , 1993). Toxicity has not been documented by the dermal, inhalation, or ocular exposure routes (Sax & Lewis, 1989). There are very few reported cases of human ouabain poisoning (Grant, 1986).

Ouabain is the most rapidly acting of all the cardiac glycoside compounds, with the onset of effects usually being within 3 to 10 minutes after IV administration (HSDB , 1993). Nausea and vomiting are early signs of acute cardiac glycoside toxicity, regardless of the route of exposure (Ekins & Watanabe, 1978; HSDB , 1993). Severity of gastrointestinal symptoms did not correlate with plasma digoxin levels in a group of 412 persons (Holt & Volans, 1977).

Acute poisoning with cardiac glycoside compounds can cause severe hyperkalemia which may be life-threatening (Smith & Willerson, 1971; Citrin et al, 1972; Hastreiter et al, 1984; Antman & Smith, 1985). The extent of hyperkalemia was correlated with the risk of mortality in a series of 91 digitoxin overdose patients (Bismuth et al, 1973).

Acute ouabain poisoning may result in sinus bradycardia, varying degrees of heart block, or atrial and ventricular arrhythmias (Smith & Willerson, 1971; Citrin et al, 1973; Reza et al, 1974; Ekins & Watanabe, 1978). Cardiac arrhythmias of every known type have been noted in digitalis poisoning (Rodensky & Wasserman, 1961). Nonparoxysmal nodal tachycardia, atrial tachycardia with AV dissociation, and bidirectional ventricular tachycardia are common (Soffer, 1961; Lyon & DeGraff, 1967). Different arrhythmias may be seen in the same patient at different times (Fisch & Knoebel, 1985).

Acute exposure to cardiac glycosides can result in drowsiness, weakness, paresthesias, and headache (Smith & Willerson, 1971; Ekins & Watanabe, 1978). Psychological changes with emotional instability, confusion, aphasia (memory loss), disorientation, delirium, and occasionally seizures may be seen (HSDB , 1993).

Thrombocytopenia was induced by digitoxin (Hess et al, 1983). Acute hemorrhage may occur in patients treated with cardiac glycosides (HSDB , 1993).

Ouabain affected the strength of cardiac contraction in dogs; effects were long-lasting, with a half-life for washout of 7 to 10 hours. There was significant loss of contractile force and development of contracture (Grupp et al, 1985). Ouabain at 1.2 or 2.4 micromolar impaired mechanical performance and induced ultrastructural aberrations in isolated rabbit hearts. These effects appeared to be due to excessive uptake of calcium in the left ventricle (Pilati & Paradise, 1984).

Corneal edema has occurred in ouabain-exposed experimental animals, but eyedrops containing 0.25 mg/mL had no notable effects in humans (Grant, 1986). Ouabain given IV induced hyperventilation in dogs (Beller & Smith, 1975). This effect has not been reported in ouabain-exposed humans.

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Chronic exposure to low levels of ouabain may result in CUMULATIVE TOXICITY because of its long half-life, reported to be in the range of 21 hours in normal adults and much longer in persons with renal failure (HSDB , 1993).

Chronic exposure to cardiac glycoside compounds appears to result in signs and symptoms similar to, but more pronounced than, those found with acute exposure. Nausea, vomiting, and weight loss can occur with chronic cardiac glycoside exposure (Ekins & Watanabe, 1978; Kelton & Scullin, 1978).

Neuropsychiatric effects of chronic exposure include headache, fatigue, irritability, malaise, lassitude, lethargy, sudden personality changes, confusion, paranoia, and psychosis (HSDB , 1993; Miller & Forker, 1974; Carney et al, 1985; Grubb, 1987).

Other cardiac glycosides have produced visual disturbances with chronic exposure. These have not been documented with ouabain (Grant, 1986).

Allergic reactions have occasionally been reported in patients administered cardiac glycosides (HSDB , 1993).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

EXTREMELY TOXIC SUBSTANCE WARNING

CAUTION

Ouabain is a SUPER-TOXIC substance - a few milligrams may be fatal.

SPONTANEOUS EMESIS

Nausea and vomiting can occur from any route of exposure.

EMESIS/NOT RECOMMENDED

Emesis is not recommended for cardiac glycoside ingestion. Activated charcoal should be given to patients who can protect their airway and are not actively vomiting.
PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
Patients who have ingested any amount of cardiac glycosides should be admitted to a hospital and carefully observed and treated in a controlled setting until all signs and symptoms have resolved.

MONITORING

Patients who have ingested any amount of cardiac glycosides should be admitted to a hospital and carefully observed and treated in a controlled setting until all signs and symptoms have resolved.
Continuous cardiac monitoring and frequent monitoring of serum potassium and digoxin levels are indicated. Fab fragments should be given in patients with signs of toxicity, a known large ingestion, or hyperkalemia. If Fab fragments are not readily available, hyperkalemia may be treated with insulin, glucose, and sodium bicarbonate.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The estimated oral lethal dose for humans is less than 5 mg/kg, or a TOTAL of 10 to 20 mg, for a 70-kg (150-pound) person (EPA, 1985).
There is insufficient information in the literature to determine the minimum lethal dose of ouabain. This is because the purity and activity of different preparations may vary, because some individuals may already be receiving a therapeutic dose, and because of interindividual variability.
Ouabain is excreted largely unchanged (HSDB , 1998).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

OTHER

PREDISPOSING CONDITIONS - Persons with heart, kidney, or circulatory conditions, or metabolic or electrolyte disturbances, or those who have been exposed to a cardiac glycoside within the past two weeks, would be more sensitive (HSDB , 1998).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS630-60-4 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS630-60-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: (RTECS, 1998)
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)CAT:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)CAT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (INTRACEREBRAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RAT:
- LDLo- (INTRADUODENAL)CAT:
- LDLo- (ORAL)CAT:
- LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)CAT:
- LDLo- (INTRAVENOUS)DOG:
- LDLo- (ORAL)DOG:
- LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)DOG:
- LDLo- (INTRAARTERIAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LDLo- (INTRAMUSCULAR)GUINEA_PIG:
- LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)GUINEA_PIG:
- LDLo- (INTRAVENOUS)PRIMATE:
- LDLo- (INTRAMUSCULAR)RABBIT:
- LDLo- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RABBIT:
- LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS630-60-4 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS630-60-4 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS630-60-4 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS630-60-4 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS630-60-4 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS630-60-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS630-60-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS630-60-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS630-60-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Ouabain
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 100

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

100/10,000
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): b

b: The calculated TPQ changed after technical review as described in a technical support document for the final rule, April 22, 1987.

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS630-60-4 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS630-60-4 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS630-60-4 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Card-20(22)-enolide, 3-[(6-deoxy-.alpha.-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy]-1,5,11,14,19-pentahydroxy-, (1.beta.,3.beta.,5.beta.,11.alpha.)-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS630-60-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

Self-contained (positive pressure) breathing apparatus is recommended for fire fighting and handling spills (EPA, 1985).

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 630-60-4.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS630-60-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS630-60-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, ouabain emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, ouabain emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

There was no information on reactivity hazards for ouabain in available references at the time of this review.

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Wear self-contained (positive pressure) breathing apparatus and full-protective clothing (EPA, 1985).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS630-60-4 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS630-60-4 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Ouabain
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 1.5
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 5
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 8.3
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 12.5
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS630-60-4 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS630-60-4 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
No specific disposal guidelines have been recommended for this agent. The following information is general recommendations for non-specific medicines (EPA, 1985).
Shut off ignition sources; no flares, smoking or flames in hazard area.
Keep combustibles such as wood, paper, oil, etc away from spilled material.
Do not touch spilled material.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

There was no specific information on pollution hazards for ouabain in available references at the time of this review.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- There was no information on environmental kinetics for ouabain in available references at the time of this review.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

There was no information on environmental toxicity for ouabain in available references at the time of this review.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

584.66

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

This compound is an odorless, white, crystalline powder as an octahydrate (HSDB, 2005; EPA, 1985) .

Hygroscopic (HSDB, 2005)

Ouabain is stable in air but is affected by light (HSDB, 2005; Budavari, 1996) .

Aqueous solutions are neutral to litmus (Budavari, 1996).

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

When anhydrous, it decomposes at approximately 190 degrees C (Budavari, 1989).
200 degrees C; 392 degrees F (EPA, 1985)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

1 g/approximately 75 mL (Budavari, 1996)
1 g/5 mL of boiling water (Budavari, 1996)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

1 g/100 mL of alcohol (Budavari, 1996)
1 g/8 mL of boiling alcohol (Budavari, 1996)
Soluble in amyl alcohol and dioxane; slightly soluble in ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate (Budavari, 1996).

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents