OLEUM

1831-Sulfuric acid, fuming
1831-Sulfuric acid, fuming, with less than 30% free Sulfur trioxide
1831-Sulfuric acid, fuming, with not less than 30% free Sulfur trioxide
1831-Sulphuric acid, fuming
1831-Sulphuric acid, fuming, with less than 30% free Sulphur trioxide
1831-Sulphuric acid, fuming, with not less than 30% free Sulphur trioxide

MOLECULAR FORMULA

H2-O4-S.O3-S

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

137-SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE(for UN/NA Number1831)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(RTECS , 1992)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Oleum is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, explosives, dyestuffs, other acids, parchment paper, and glue; the purification of petroleum; and the pickling of metal (Budavari, 1989).

FORMS

Oleum is a colorless, or slightly yellow/brown, viscous liquid, which will emit choking fumes of sulfur trioxide (Budavari, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1987). It is extremely corrosive (Budavari, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1987).
Oleum is a solution of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid (Sax & Lewis, 1987). It fumes strongly in moist air (Sax & Lewis, 1987). Oleum is extremely hygroscopic (Sax & Lewis, 1987).
Available grades of oleum contain up to about 80 percent free sulfur trioxide (Budavari, 1989).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Oleum emits choking fumes of sulfur trioxide; it is moderately toxic by inhalation. It is a corrosive and an irritant to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes. VAPORS may cause severe irritation/injury to the eyes, throat and lungs. Oleum vapors cannot be tolerated even at low concentrations.

The following information is for SULFURIC ACID.

Concentrated sulfuric acid can be corrosive to the skin, eyes, nose, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or any tissue. It can cause severe gastrointestinal burns, charring, ulceration, or perforation. Metabolic acidosis may occur.
Inhalation of the vapors or mist can cause pulmonary edema, emphysema, and permanent changes in pulmonary function.
Chronic or prolonged exposure may be associated with skin lesions or dermatitis, changes in pulmonary function, chronic bronchitis, gastritis or stomatitis, erosion of dental enamel, conjunctivitis, increased frequency of respiratory tract infections and respiratory tract cancer.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

RELATED CHEMICAL -

The following information is for Sulfuric Acid.
INHALATION EXPOSURE -

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
Prolonged initial flushing and early ophthalmologic consultation are advisable.

ORAL EXPOSURE -

Do not induce emesis.
DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting.
Significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns may occur following ingestion. The possible benefit of early removal of some ingested material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed against potential complications of bleeding or perforation.
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.
Steroid use is controversial.
Surgical consultation should be obtained if gastrointestinal necrosis or perforation is suspected.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

SPECIFIC SUBSTANCE

The following information is for SULFURIC ACID -

The odor threshold for sulfuric acid has been reported to be near 1 mg/m(3) for some but not all individuals. Three milligrams per cubic meter was noticed by all subjects. Five milligrams per cubic meter was objectionable to some and produced coughing (ACGIH, 1987; (Amdur, 1969).
Acclimated persons may be able to tolerate three to four times higher concentrations of the mist up to 4 mg/m(3) (ACGIH, 1987).
ANIMAL DATA - Guinea pigs, the most sensitive species in acute exposures, survived 8 to 72 hour exposures of 8 mg/m(3) but showed increasing lung pathology with increased exposure. These test animals survived continuous inhalation of 4 mg/m(3) for as long as 140 days; however some pulmonary pathology was found (ACGIH, 1987).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS8014-95-7 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS8014-95-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 1992
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS8014-95-7 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS8014-95-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS8014-95-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS8014-95-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS8014-95-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS8014-95-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Sulfuric acid
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1000 (454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS8014-95-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS8014-95-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS8014-95-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS8014-95-7 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS8014-95-7 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS8014-95-7 (EPA, 2005):

Not Listed

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1831 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Sulfuric acid, fuming with less than 30 percent free sulfur trioxide

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 8

8: Corrosive material. See 49 CFR section 173.136 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1831
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 8

8: Corrosive.

Special Provisions: B84, N34, T20, TP2, TP12, TP13

B84: Packagings must be protected with non-metallic linings impervious to the lading or have a suitable corrosion allowance for sulfuric acid or spent sulfuric acid in concentration up to 65.25 percent.
N34: Aluminum construction materials are not authorized for any part of a packaging which is normally in contact with the hazardous material.
T20: Minimum test pressure (bar): 10; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): 8 mm; Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): sxn. 178.275(g)(3); Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): Prohibited.
TP2: a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and alpha is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius; and b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions a may be calculated using the formula: [alpha = (d15-d50)/(35 x d50)], where d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) and 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), respectively.
TP12: This material is considered highly corrosive to steel.
TP13: Self-contained breathing apparatus must be provided when this hazardous material is transported by sea.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 201
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: 2.5 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: C

C: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: 14, 40

14: For metal drums, stowage permitted under deck on cargo vessels.
40: Stow "clear of living quarters".

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Sulfuric acid, fuming with 30 percent or more free sulfur trioxide

Symbol(s): +

+: fixes the proper shipping name, hazard class and packing group for that entry without regard to whether the material meets the definition of that class, packing group or any other hazard class definition. When the plus sign is assigned to a proper shipping name, it means that the material is known to pose a risk to humans. When a plus sign is assigned to mixtures or solutions containing a material where the hazard to humans is significantly different from that of the pure material or where no hazard to humans is posed, the material may be described using an alternative shipping name that represents the hazards posed by the material. An appropriate alternate proper shipping name and hazard class may be authorized by the DOT Associate Administrator.

Hazard class or Division: 8

8: Corrosive material. See 49 CFR section 173.136 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1831
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 8, 6.1

8: Corrosive.
6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: 2, A3, A6, A7, B9, B14, B32, B74, B77, B84, N34, T20, TP2, TP12, TP13

2: This material is poisonous by inhalation (see sxn. 171.8 of this subchapter) in Hazard Zone B (see sxn. 173.116(a) or sxn. 173.133(a) of this subchapter), and must be described as an inhalation hazard under the provisions of this subchapter.
A3: For combination packagings, if glass inner packagings (including ampoules) are used, they must be packed with absorbent material in tightly closed metal receptacles before packing in outer packagings.
A6: For combination packagings, if plastic inner packagings are used, they must be packed in tightly closed metal receptacles before packing in outer packagings.
A7: Steel packagings must be corrosion-resistant or have protection against corrosion.
B9: Bottom outlets are not authorized.
B14: Each bulk packaging, except a tank car or a multi-unit-tank car tank, must be insulated with an insulating material so that the overall thermal conductance at 15.5 °C (60 °F) is no more than 1.5333 kilojoules per hour per square meter per degree Celsius (0.075 Btu per hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit) temperature differential. Insulating materials must not promote corrosion to steel when wet.
B32: MC 312, MC 330, MC 331, DOT 412 cargo tanks and DOT 51 portable tanks must be made of stainless steel, except that steel other than stainless steel may be used in accordance with the provisions of sxn. 173.24b(b) of this subchapter. Thickness of stainless steel for tank shell and heads for cargo tanks and portable tanks must be the greater of 6.35 mm (0.250 inch) or the thickness required for a tank with a design pressure at least equal to 1.3 times the vapor pressure of the lading at 46 °C (115 °F). In addition, MC 312 and DOT 412 cargo tank motor vehicles must: a. Be ASME Code (U) stamped for 100% radiography of all pressure-retaining welds; b. Have accident damage protection which conforms with sxn. 178.345-8 of this subchapter; c. Have a MAWP or design pressure of at least 87 psig; and d. Have a bolted manway cover.
B74: Tank cars must have a test pressure of 20.68 Bar (300 psig) or greater and conform to Class 105S, 106, 110, 112J, 114J or 120S.
B77: Other packaging are authorized when approved by the Associate Administrator.
B84: Packagings must be protected with non-metallic linings impervious to the lading or have a suitable corrosion allowance for sulfuric acid or spent sulfuric acid in concentration up to 65.25 percent.
N34: Aluminum construction materials are not authorized for any part of a packaging which is normally in contact with the hazardous material.
T20: Minimum test pressure (bar): 10; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): 8 mm; Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): sxn. 178.275(g)(3); Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): Prohibited.
TP2: a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and alpha is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius; and b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions a may be calculated using the formula: [alpha = (d15-d50)/(35 x d50)], where d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) and 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), respectively.
TP12: This material is considered highly corrosive to steel.
TP13: Self-contained breathing apparatus must be provided when this hazardous material is transported by sea.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 227
Bulk packaging: 244

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: Forbidden

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: C

C: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: 14, 40

14: For metal drums, stowage permitted under deck on cargo vessels.
40: Stow "clear of living quarters".

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1831 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Sulphuric acid, fuming
UN Number: 1831

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS8014-95-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 8014-95-7.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Chlorinated Polyethylene

DuPont Personal Protection

Durables 2

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

StaSafe CPE

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.001
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Standard Safety Equipment Company

ChemMaster

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)

Microporous Fabric

Workrite

CSP Garments

Degradation Rating: Penetrates
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Workrite, 1997)

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

CPF 2

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 450
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.005
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

CPF 3

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 15
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >50
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

CPF 4

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder Plus

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, 40% free SO3
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 310
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 43
Notes: liquid, 65% free SO3
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 270
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 48
Notes: liquid, 103%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, 40% free SO3
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, 65% free SO3
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, 103%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.04
Notes: liquid, 40% free SO3
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, 65% free SO3
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, 103%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.04
Notes: 40% free SO3
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.04
Notes: 40% free SO3
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 398
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.2
Notes: 40% free SO3
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: 65% free SO3
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 398
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.2
Notes: 40% free SO3
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: 103%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, 103%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.04
Notes: liquid, 40% free SO3
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.04
Notes: 40% free SO3
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, 65% free SO3
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem ThermoPro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.32
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: 103%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.04
Notes: 40% free SO3
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid, 103%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.04
Notes: liquid, 40% free SO3
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid, 65% free SO3
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Kimberly-Clark Professional

Hazard-Gard I

Degradation Rating: not tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Immediate
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 60.36
Notes: liquid, 40% free SO3
Citation: (Kimberly-Clark, 2002)

Hazard-Gard II

Degradation Rating: not tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, 40% free SO3
Citation: (Kimberly-Clark, 2002)

Trelleborg-Viking, Inc.

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)

Polyvinyl chloride

DuPont Personal Protection

StaSafe HiGlo

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 75
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 5
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Rubber Laminate

Trelleborg-Viking, Inc.

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 360
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.85
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)

Teflon Laminate

Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc.

Commander Ultrapro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >180
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)

Viton/Butyl

Trelleborg-Viking, Inc.

Super

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Butyl

Guardian Manufacturing Group

CP-25

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 270
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >500
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)

neoprene

Perfect Fit Glove Co, LLC

Chemzoil NL-339

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 332
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): No Rate Determined
Notes: 67% free SO3
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

Neoprene

Guardian Manufacturing Group

IN-35

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 170
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >500
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Stanzoil/NL-34

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 10
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 29
Notes: 30% free SO3
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Nitrile

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Stansolv/A-10

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 358
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: 67% free SO3
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Perfect Fit Glove Co, LLC

Cobra F-466

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: 67% free SO3
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
Guardian Manufacturing Group 302 Conwell Avenue Willard, OH 44890-9525 USA Phone: (419) 933-2711 Fax: (419) 935-8961 Toll-Free: (800) 243-7379 Website: http://www.guardian-mfg.com
Kimberly-Clark Professional 1400 Holcomb Bridge Road Roswell, GA 30076 Phone: (800) 255-6401 Fax: (800) 579-3555 Toll-Free: (800) 255-6401 Website: http://www.kcprofessional.com/us/ Email: kcpinfo@kcc.com
MAPA Spontex, Inc. 100 Spontex Dr. Columbia, TN 38401 USA Phone: (800) 537--2897 Fax: (800) 537--3299 Website: http://www.mapaglove.com Email: sales@mapaglove.com
Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc. P. O. Box P.O. Box 278 McBee, SC 29101 USA Phone: (843) 335-8211 Fax: (843) 355-8599 Toll-Free: (843) 335-8211 Website: http://www.marmac.com Email: info@marmac.com
Perfect Fit Glove Co, LLC 85 Innsbruck Dr. Buffalo, NY 14227 USA Phone: (800) 245-6837 Fax: (716) 668-3224 Toll-Free: (800) 245-6837 Website: http://www.perfectfitglove.com Email: perfectfitglove@perfectfitglove.com
Standard Safety Equipment Company 1407 Ridgeview Drive McHenry, IL 60050 USA Phone: (815) 363-8565 Fax: (815) 363-8633 Toll-Free: (815) 363-8565 Website: http://www.standardsafety.com Email: solson@standardsafety.com
Trelleborg-Viking, Inc. 170 West Road Suite 1 Portsmouth, NH 03801 USA Phone: (603) 436-1236 Fax: (603) 436-1392 Toll-Free: (800) 344-4458 Website: http://www.trelleborg.com/protective/ Email: protective@trelleborg.com
Workrite 500 East Third Street Box 1192 Oxnard, CA 93032 USA Phone: (805) 483-0715 Fax: (805) 483-0678 Toll-Free: (800) 521-1888 Website: http://www.workrite.com Email: info@workrite.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)
- EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily.
- May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
- Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases.
- Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars etc.)
- Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
- Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.
- Substance may be transported in a molten form.
Oleum is nonflammable itself, but it is a very dangerous fire hazard by chemical reaction with reducing agents and carbohydrates (CHRIS , 1992; Sax & Lewis, 1989).
Oleum is corrosive to metals and tissue. It will char wood as well as most other organic material: The heat from this charring may be sufficient to ignite the wood, etc (AAR, 1987).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS8014-95-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

When material is not involved in fire: do not use water on material itself.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical or CO2.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply: knock down vapors only.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Do not get water inside containers.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS8014-95-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, oleum emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Oleum is a severe explosion hazard by chemical reaction with the following (NFPA, 1991; Sax & Lewis, 1989):

Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Allyl alcohol
Allyl chloride
2-Amino ethanol
Ammonium hydroxide
Aniline
n-Butyraldehyde
Cresol
Cumene
Dichloroethyl ether
Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether
Diisobutylene
Epichlorohydrin
Ethyl acetate
Ethylene cyanohydrin
Ethylene diamine
Ethylene glycol
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate
Ethyleneimine
Glyoxal
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Isoprene
Isopropyl alcohol
Mesityl oxide
Methyl ethyl ketone
Nitric acid
2-Nitropropane
beta-Propiolacetone
Propylene oxide
Pyridine
Sodium hydroxide
Styrene monomer
Sulfolane
Vinyl acetate
Vinylidene chloride

Oleum reacts with many metals, releasing flammable hydrogen gas. A reaction with cast iron may be violently explosive (CHRIS , 1992).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, oleum emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

Oleum vapors cause severe irritation of the eyes and throat and may result in eye and lung injury. The vapors cannot be tolerated even at low concentrations (CHRIS , 1992).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Oleum will react with water or steam to produce heat and toxic and corrosive fumes (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

Oleum can react vigorously with reducing materials (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

When heated to decomposition, oleum emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

Oleum is corrosive to metals and tissue. It will char wood as well as most other organic material: The heat from this charring may be sufficient to ignite the wood, etc (AAR, 1987).

See Explosion Hazard Section.

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (ERG, 2004)

Data presented from the Emergency Response Guidebook Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances are for use when a spill has occurred and there is no fire. If there is a fire, or if a fire is involved, evacuation information presented under FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES should be used.
Generally, a small spill is one that involves a single, small package such as a drum containing up to approximately 200 liters, a small cylinder, or a small leak from a large package. A large spill is one that involves a spill from a large package, or multiple spills from many small packages.
Suggested distances to protect from vapors of toxic-by-inhalation and/or water-reactive materials during the first 30 minutes following the spill.

DOT ID No. 1831 - Sulfuric acid, fuming

SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 60 meters (200 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.4 kilometers (0.2 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 1 kilometers (0.6 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 330 meters (1000 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 2.5 kilometers (1.5 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 6.5 kilometers (4 miles).

DOT ID No. 1831 : Sulfuric acid, fuming, with less than 30% free Sulfur trioxide

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances

DOT ID No. 1831 - Sulfuric acid, fuming, with not less than 30% free Sulfur trioxide

SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 60 meters (200 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.4 kilometers (0.2 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 1 kilometers (0.6 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 330 meters (1000 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 2.5 kilometers (1.5 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 6.5 kilometers (4 miles).

DOT ID No. 1831 - Sulphuric acid, fuming

SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 60 meters (200 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.4 kilometers (0.2 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 1 kilometers (0.6 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 330 meters (1000 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 2.5 kilometers (1.5 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 6.5 kilometers (4 miles).

DOT ID No. 1831 : Sulphuric acid, fuming, with less than 30% free Sulphur trioxide

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances

DOT ID No. 1831 - Sulphuric acid, fuming, with not less than 30% free Sulphur trioxide

SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 60 meters (200 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.4 kilometers (0.2 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 1 kilometers (0.6 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 330 meters (1000 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 2.5 kilometers (1.5 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 6.5 kilometers (4 miles).

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate enclosed areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS8014-95-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS8014-95-7 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Oleum (fuming sulfuric acid)
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.06
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 0.20
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 8.7
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 160
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS8014-95-7 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS8014-95-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)
- Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container.
- Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime (AAR, 1987).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)
- Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Oleum is harmful to aquatic life in very low concentrations (CHRIS , 1992).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- No information on the environmental kinetics of oleum was found in available references at the time of this review.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

Aquatic toxicity (CHRIS , 1992):

1. Bluegill, 24 hour, 24 ppm, lethal, fresh water
2. Prawn, 48 hour, 42 ppm, LC50, salt water

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

178.14

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Oleum has a sharp, penetrating, choking odor (CHRIS , 1992).

Oleum is a colorless or slightly yellow/brown, viscous liquid that will emit choking fumes of sulfur trioxide (Budavari, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1987).

BOILING POINT

decomposes (CHRIS , 1992)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Oleum is miscible in water (HSDB , 1992).

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents