N-VALERALDEHYDE

n-Valeraldehyde is used as a flavoring, in rubber accelerators, as a material of vulcanization, and in resin chemistry (monomer for acetal resins) (ACGIH, 1996; (Budavari, 1996) HSDB, 1998; (ITI, 1988; Lewis, 1993).
When this compound is used as a flavoring to add a nut/fruit flavor it can be found in the following concentrations: baked goods - 5.4 ppm; ice cream - 5.0 ppm; candy - 4.2 ppm; non-alcoholic beverages - 1.3 ppm (HSDB, 1998).

FORMS

Available Grade of Purity: 98.5+% (CHRIS, 1998)

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Very little information is available about the toxicity of n-valeraldehyde. Its systemic toxicity is said to be low. There are no reported cases of human poisoning with this agent.

n-Valeraldehyde is an irritant of the eyes and skin. Direct eye contact caused severe irritation in rabbits and guinea pigs. By analogy with other aldehydes, it might cause CNS depression at high doses.

Because of its other irritant effects, inhalation of vapors or ingestion might be predicted to result in irritation of the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin.
Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
DERMAL EXPOSURE - Immediately flush the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, and respiratory system (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).

GENERAL

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water. Ingestion may result in significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns, and EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED. Cautious gastric lavage followed by administration of activated charcoal may be of benefit if the patient is seen soon after the exposure.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

INGESTION EXPOSURE

Do NOT induce emesis.
Significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns may occur following ingestion. The possible benefit of early removal of some ingested material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed against potential complications of bleeding or perforation.
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

ANIMAL DATA

Deaths in guinea pigs and mice were seen after a 10 hour exposure to 670 ppm. No deaths were noted in rabbits similarly exposed (ACGIH, 1996; Hathaway et al, 1996).
In a head-only exposure, mice exposed to approximately 1100 ppm for 10 minutes had a 50% decrease in respiratory rate (ACGIH, 1996; Hathaway et al, 1996).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS110-62-3 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: n-Valeraldehyde
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: n-Valeraldehyde
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS110-62-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: (ACGIH, 1996; Budavari, 1996 Clayton & Clayton, 1993 (Hathaway et al, 1996; Lewis, 1996 RTECS, 1998) Note: Unless otherwise noted, the values listed below are from RTECS and Lewis.
- LCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)MOUSE:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTOR(S)

1 ppm = 3.58 mg/m(3) (at 760 mmHg and 68 degrees) (NIOSH, 1998)

1 ppm = 3.5 mg/m(3) (Clayton & Clayton, 1993)
1 mg/L = 284 ppm (Clayton & Clayton, 1993)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS110-62-3 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

n-Valeraldehyde

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 50 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Eye, skin, and URT irr
Molecular Weight: 86.13

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS110-62-3 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS110-62-3 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: n-Valeraldehyde
REL:

TWA: 50 ppm (175 mg/m(3))
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s): See Appendix C (Aldehydes)

IDLH: Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS110-62-3 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS110-62-3 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS110-62-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS110-62-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS110-62-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS110-62-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS110-62-3 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS110-62-3 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS110-62-3 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Pentanal

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2058 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Valeraldehyde

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2058
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3

3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions: IB2, T4, TP1

IB2: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized.
T4: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 150
Non-bulk packaging: 202
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 5 L
Cargo aircraft only: 60 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: B

B: (i) The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length; and (ii) "On deck only" on passenger vessels in which the number of passengers specified in paragraph (k)(2)(i) of this section is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2058 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Valeraldehyde
UN Number: 2058

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS110-62-3 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Valeraldehyde
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 2

(2) Moderately toxic material. Intense or continued exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury unless prompt medical treatment is given.

Flammability Rating (Red): 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 0

(0) Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

HANDLING

Only persons equipped with appropriate personal protective clothing should handle broken packages/containers of this compound (AAR, 1996).

n-Valeraldehyde is stable during transport (CHRIS, 1998).

According to 49 CFR 171.2: "No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by.../the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171 to 177)" (HSDB, 1998)

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Storage temperature should be ambient (CHRIS, 1998).
Pressure-vacuum or open (flame arrester) venting is to be used (CHRIS, 1998).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

Appropriate protective clothing should be worn to prevent skin contact (including boots, goggles, and gloves). Wash the skin immediately after it becomes contaminated. Due to the potential flammability hazard, clothing which becomes wet should be removed, and replaced, as quickly as possible (AAR, 1996; NIOSH, 1998).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Use appropriate eye protection to prevent contact. In areas where there is any possibility that persons may be exposed to n-valeraldehyde, eyewash fountains should be provided (NIOSH, 1998).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 110-62-3.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

A facility for quickly drenching the body, or body parts, with water needs to be provided within the immediate work area. This is intended to quickly remove n-valeraldehyde from any body areas likely to be exposed. In some instances a hose connected to a sink may be permissible, in others a full deluge shower may be required (NIOSH, 1998).

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
n-Valeraldehyde is a very dangerous fire hazard, especially when exposed to open flame or heat (ACGIH, 1996; (Lewis, 1996) OHM/TADS, 1998).
It can flashback along a vapor trail (CHRIS, 1998).
This compound will float on water, producing irritating, flammable vapor (AAR, 1996).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS110-62-3 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Valeraldehyde
Flammability Rating: 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane or nitroethane.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use straight streams.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS110-62-3 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Valeraldehyde
Extinguishing Method(s): 1

1: "Water may be ineffective" applies to a situation where materials with a flash point below 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C) are burning. Water will only be effective if used by experienced fire fighters under favorable conditions. Even though water may not put the fire out, it can be used to protect equipment and structures.

To fight a fire involving n-valeraldehyde, utilize dry chemical, "alcohol" foam, or carbon dioxide. Unless the leak/flow can be stopped, do not attempt to extinguish a fire involving this compound. In flooding quantities, water can be employed as a fog to cool fire affected containers/structures. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Keep spill/run-off out of sewers and water sources (AAR, 1996; CHRIS, 1998; OHM/TADS, 1998).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

n-Valeraldehyde vapor may explode if ignited within an enclosed area (CHRIS, 1998).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Acrid smoke and irritating fumes are released when n-valeraldehyde is heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1996).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Urben (1995) lists no specific hazardous reactions for n-valeraldehyde. However, there is general information on ALDEHYDES as a class of compounds: "These materials are very easily autoxidised and often have a low autoignition temperature. It is reported that many of the less volatile liquid aldehydes will eventually inflame if left exposed to air on an absorbent surface. The mechanism is undoubtedly similar to that giving rise to easy ignition in the oxidation of acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde; initial formation of a peroxyacid which catalyses the further oxidation."

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS110-62-3 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS110-62-3 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS110-62-3 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS110-62-3 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
Stay upwind to avoid breathing vapors. Avoid contact with the liquid. Remove any possible ignition source from the immediate area. If feasible without undue danger to emergency personnel, attempt to stop the leak. Water spray can be employed to knock-down vapors. Contain the spill/run-off; dikes can be utilized for this purpose. Keep n-valeraldehyde out of sewers and water sources (AAR, 1996; CHRIS, 1998; OHM/TADS, 1998).
For water in situ amelioration, sorbent foams and oil skimming equipment can be used on the slick. Peat or carbon can be utilized on the dissolved portion (OHM/TADS, 1998).
Spills of n-valeraldehyde can be absorbed on vermiculite (OHM/TADS, 1998).
"At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices." (HSDB, 1998)

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

n-Valeraldehyde may be disposed of by being mixed with another combustible solvent and then sprayed into an afterburner equipped furnace. If this compound has been absorbed on vermiculite, it can be burned in an open pit or open incinerator (ITI, 1988) OHM/TADS, 1998).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

n-Valeraldehyde is a naturally occurring compound. It is released to the atmosphere by microorganisms, plants, animal wastes, and forest fires. This compound will also enter the environment from its industrial manufacture and use. Specific man-made sources include: building materials (polyurethane-coated plywood and carpet-covered pressed board), burning logs, as well as emissions from diesel, gasoline, and turbine engines (HSDB, 1998).

This compound has been identified as a volatile in numerous food items including: Delicious apples, fried chicken, cassava, baked potatoes, French mountain cheese, and raw beef (HSDB, 1998).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

In the atmosphere, this compound will react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals; half-life for this process is 13.5 hours. Direct photolysis is also expected to be a significant process (HSDB, 1998).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Volatilization will be the most important route in water. Based on data from a model river, the estimated half-life for this process is 8.3 hours. Direct photolysis in surface waters may be significant. Biodegradation may also be important (HSDB, 1998).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Possessing a very low soil adsorptivity, n-valeraldehyde will readily volatilize. It may leach into the ground, although this compound is expected to have low mobility in soil. Biodegradation may be a significant process (HSDB, 1998).

BIODEGRADATION

n-Valeraldehyde is expected to readily biodegrade in water and soil. This is based on laboratory biodegradability tests and the behavior of similar compounds (other aldehydes) (HSDB, 1998).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

With an estimated BCF of 5.8, this compound is not expected to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms (HSDB, 1998).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

LC50 - Fathead Minnow/Pimephales promelas: 12.4 mg/L for 96H -- flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 24.5 degrees C, dissolved oxygen 6.1 mg/L, hardness 37.5 mg/L calcium carbonate, alkalinity 44.1 mg/L calcium carbonate, and pH 7.52 (HSDB, 1998)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

86.13

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

n-Valeraldehyde is a colorless liquid which possesses an acrid, pungent odor (ACGIH, 1996; (Ashford, 1994; Lewis, 1993; Lewis, 1996) NIOSH, 1998).

colorless, watery liquid; fruity odor (CHRIS, 1998)

warm, slightly fruity taste; nut-like at low levels (HSDB, 1998)

pleasant, chocolate taste and aroma (HSDB, 1998)

sharp, penetrating flavor (HSDB, 1998)

VAPOR PRESSURE

26 mmHg (NIOSH, 1998)

26 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1996)

approximately 50 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1993)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

LIQUID: 0.8095 (at 20/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1993; Lewis, 1996)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

Liquid: 0.8 (NFPA, 1994)
Liquid: 0.81 (NIOSH, 1998)
Liquid: 0.819 (Clayton & Clayton, 1993)

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

LIQUID: 0.81 kg/L (at 20 degrees C) (Ashford, 1994)
LIQUID: 0.8095 kg/L (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1996)
LIQUID: 0.811 kg/L (at 20 degrees C) (CHRIS, 1998)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-92 degrees C (Lewis, 1996)
-91 degrees C (Lewis, 1993)
-87 degrees C (Ashford, 1994)
-133 degrees F (NIOSH, 1998)
-91 degrees C; -132 degrees F; 182 degrees K (CHRIS, 1998)

MELTING POINT

-91.5 degrees C (ACGIH, 1996; (Clayton & Clayton, 1993)

BOILING POINT

102-103 degrees C (ACGIH, 1996; (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1993; Lewis, 1996)

103 degrees C; 217 degrees F (Clayton & Clayton, 1993; NFPA, 1994) NIOSH, 1998)

104 degrees C (Ashford, 1994)

103.0 degrees C; 217.4 degrees F; 376.2 degrees K (CHRIS, 1998)

FLASH POINT

53.6 degrees F (Lewis, 1996)

12.2 degrees C; 54 degrees F (closed cup) (Lewis, 1993)

12 degrees C; 54 degrees F (open cup) (NFPA, 1994)

54 degrees F (AAR, 1996; NIOSH, 1998)

12.2 degrees C (open cup) (ACGIH, 1996)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

222 degrees C; 432 degrees F (NFPA, 1994)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

unknown (NIOSH, 1998)

UPPER

unknown (NIOSH, 1998)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

n-Valeraldehyde is very slightly soluble in water (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1993; Lewis, 1996) NIOSH, 1998).
208 g/L (at 20 degrees C) (Ashford, 1994)
1.35% (HSDB, 1998)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

It is miscible with many organic solvents (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996).
This compound is soluble in ethanol and ether (ethyl ether) (ACGIH, 1996; (Lewis, 1993).
n-Valeraldehyde is soluble in propylene glycol and oils (HSDB, 1998).

HENRY'S CONSTANT

1.47x10(-4) atm-m(3)/ mol (HSDB, 1998)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

9490 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Prism Collection) (HSDB, 1998)
9199 (Sadtler Reference Number; IR, Prism) (HSDB, 1998)

MASS

22 (Aldermaston, Eight Peak Index of Mass Spectra, UK) (HSDB, 1998)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

0.028 ppm (ACGIH, 1996; Hathaway et al, 1996)

SURFACE TENSION

30 dynes/cm; 0.03 N/m (at 20 degrees C) (estimated) (CHRIS, 1998)
27.4 mN/m (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB, 1998)

CRITICAL PRESSURE

35 atm; 514 psia; 3.5 MN/m(2) (CHRIS, 1998)

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

281 degrees C; 538 degrees F; 554 degrees K (CHRIS, 1998)

HEAT OF COMBUSTION

-8610 cal/g; -15,500 Btu/lb; -360.5x10(5) J/kg (CHRIS, 1998)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.3944 (at 20 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1993)
1.3942 (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB, 1998)

IONIZATION POTENTIAL

9.82 eV (NIOSH, 1998)

LIQUID WATER INTERFACIAL TENSION

30 dynes/cm; 0.03 N/m (at 20 degrees C) (estimated) (CHRIS, 1998)

VISCOSITY

0.54 mPa-s (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB, 1998)

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Germane (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008j. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480963906&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Hexafluoropropylene (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064801ea1f5&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Magnesium Aluminum Phosphide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2005h. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020c5ed&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

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Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents