AMITRAZ

Amitraz is a formamidine pesticide with veterinary uses as an acaricide and insectide. It is used to control cattle ticks, mites, and other insects (lepidopterous species), and to treat generalized demodectic mange (Demodex canis) in dogs (Jones, 1990).
It has been used on pear trees as a pesticide (Gosselin et al, 1984) Bonsall & Turnbull, 1983; IRIS, 1995).

FORMS

Amitraz is a formamidine pesticide. Commercial preparations are formulated as a 20% solution (approximate concentration) in 75% xylene (Turnbull, 1983).
This compound is also available in aromatic mixtures containing up to 2.5% of epichlorhydrin, or may be formulated in toluene (Grossman, 1993), xylene, propylene oxide, and a blend of alkyl benzene sulfonates and ethoxylated polyethers (Jones, 1990).
Amitraz solutions are generally diluted 100 to 600-fold before applying to trees or livestock.
Amitraz is also available as an emulsifiable concentrate or wetable powder.

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

USES: Amitraz is an insecticide used on crops and topically for treatment of parasitic infections of farm animals. It is effective against mites, fleas, and other insects.

TOXICOLOGY: Amitraz acts as a central alpha-2 adrenergic agonist causing CNS depression, hypotension, and bradycardia.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Exposure to amitraz is rare in the United States, but more common in other countries. Severe toxicity is uncommon, but deaths have been reported.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY: Most patients will have mild to moderate gastrointestinal symptoms and mild sedation. Miosis is common; mydriasis may also occur. Hypersalivation is also common.
SEVERE TOXICITY: Severe toxicity may include bradycardia, hypotension, sedation, seizures, respiratory depression, and coma. Hyperglycemia, acidosis (both respiratory and metabolic) and mild elevation of serum transaminase activity have also been reported. Aspiration pneumonitis may develop from the solvent vehicle (commonly xylene). There is a single report describing torsade de pointes.

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed skin with soap and water. Gastrointestinal decontamination is not recommended as patients often have vomiting and sedation, and the risk of aspiration outweighs potential benefits.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ADULT

Very little human data exist regarding the range of toxicity for ingested amitraz. Death has been reported in an adult who intentionally ingested an unknown concentration of amitraz (Bonsall & Turnball, 1983).
CASE REPORT: A 53-year-old woman became comatose, developed persistent hypotension and torsades de pointes, and subsequently died after intentionally ingesting 500 mL of a pesticide containing 20% amitraz (Hu et al, 2010).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

CASE REPORTS

ADULT

A mentally handicapped 22-year-old man became comatose 1 hr after ingesting approximately 12.5 grams or less of amitraz in a solution. Gastric lavage, activated charcoal and sodium sulphate were administered. The individual recovered the next day (Ros & van Aken, 1994).
A 30-year-old man survived after ingesting 100 milliliters of an amitraz/petroleum distillate mixture believed to contain 12.5 grams of amitraz (Kennel et al, 1996). Spontaneous vomiting occurred.
A 74-year-old diabetic man believed to have ingested 6 grams or less of amitraz (30 milliliters of a xylene mixture) was unconscious for 24 hours (Bonsall & Turnball, 1983).
A 29-year-old man survived a three minute period of immersion to the shoulders in a dilute amitraz cattle dip (Bonsall & Turnball, 1983).
A 35-year-old man presented to the emergency department comatose (Glasgow Coma Scale 3) and hypothermic (34.5 degrees C) approximately 3 hours after intentionally ingesting approximately 50 to 100 milliliters of a product containing 12.5% amitraz in a xylene emulsion (6.25 to 12.5 grams total amount of amitraz ingested). The patient required mechanical ventilation after developing respiratory arrest. The patient also developed severe hypotension and bradycardia (35 bpm). Following supportive care, the patient gradually recovered and was extubated approximately 24 hours post-ingestion(Doganay et al, 2002).
An 80-year-old man developed drowsiness, miosis, mild hypothermia (35.5 degrees C), respiratory distress, hyperglycemia, polyuria, and elevated liver enzyme levels after unintentionally ingesting approximately 1.8 grams amitraz. The onset of symptoms occurred approximately 1 hour post-ingestion. The patient gradually recovered following supportive care(Doganay et al, 2002).
A 22-year-old woman developed hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression, and became comatose following intentional intravenous administration of 5 to 6 mL of a solution containing 12.5% amitraz and 57.5% xylene in water. The patient recovered following supportive therapy (Gursoy et al, 2005).

PEDIATRIC

A 3-year-old girl developed coma and severe hyperglycemia after ingesting approximately 10.6 milliliters of an amitraz containing solution (Jones, 1990).
A 17-year-old survived following ingestion of about 6 grams of amitraz (50 milliliters of amitraz/petroleum distillate) but was in a deep coma, was hypotensive and bradycardic (Kennel et al, 1996).
A 4-month-old infant developed hypothermia, drowsiness, and bradycardia after ingesting 0.3 mL of a 5% amitraz solution (2.5 mg/kg). The infant completely recovered following supportive care (Zoelen et al, 2001).
A 13-year-old boy was comatose (GCS 3) and hypotensive (70/50 mmHg) after ingesting 125 mL of a pesticide containing 12.5% amitraz. With symptomatic and supportive therapy, the patient gradually recovered without sequelae (Varma et al, 2013).

ANIMAL DATA

Dogs demonstrated no signs of toxicity after 0.25 milligram/kilogram orally and 16 milligrams/kilogram dermally. At parenteral doses of 20 mg/kg or greater, hypotension and bradycardia occurred (Anon, 1980).
Rats sprayed twice 14 days apart with up to a 2000 parts per million concentration of amitraz solution showed no evidence of toxicity (Al-Qarawi et al, 1999).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS33089-61-1 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Assessed under the IRIS program. ; Listed as: Amitraz
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS33089-61-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD: 2.5x10(-3) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

TOXICITY VALUES

References: Anon, 1980 RTECS, 2001
- LD50- (ORAL)DOG:
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)PIG:
- LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS33089-61-1 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS33089-61-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS33089-61-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS33089-61-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS33089-61-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS33089-61-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS33089-61-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS33089-61-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS33089-61-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS33089-61-1 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Amitraz
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/95
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS33089-61-1 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS33089-61-1 (EPA, 2005):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS33089-61-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 33089-61-1.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS33089-61-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS33089-61-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS33089-61-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS33089-61-1 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS33089-61-1 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS33089-61-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

293.45

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

This compound exists as white or pale yellow monoclinic needles.

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

86-87 degrees C

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AMITRAZ

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents