NONANE

This compound is used in organic synthesis, biodegradable detergents, jet fuel research, and in the manufacture of paraffin products. It is also used as a solvent, distillation chaser, and research chemical (HSDB , 1998; Lewis, 1993). Nonane is emitted from modern building materials (Lewis, 1996). Petroleum fractions such as VM&P naphtha, 140 flash, Stoddard solvents, and gasoline contain nonanes as major ingredients (ACGIH, 1996).

SOURCES

Nonane is manufactured from the refining or fractional distillation of petroleum, or through the hydrogenation of 1-nonene (HSDB , 1998). Nonane is available in a technical grade (95%) and research grade (99%) (Lewis, 1993).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Nonane may be irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur following ingestion. CNS depression may be observed following exposure to high concentrations. Aspiration may result in chemical pneumonitis, with acute fulminating hemorrhagic and usually fatal bronchopneumonia. Fatal pulmonary edema may also occur.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Nonane is a respiratory tract irritant and CNS depressant. Inhalation of high concentrations of fumes may cause nausea, headache, weakness, dizziness, and loss of coordination, judgement, and consciousness. Nonane is a pulmonary aspiration hazard and aspiration of even small amounts of the liquid may produce fatal chemical pneumonitis (HSDB).

NEVER siphon or pipette this substance by mouth!

Rats tolerated an airborne concentration of 880 ppm of nonane for 4 hours with no apparent ill effects (Carpenter, 1978).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Prolonged or repeated skin contact may produce defatting dermatitis with dryness and cracking (HSDB). Rats inhaling nonane at an airborne concentration of 1,500 ppm for 7 days had mild tremors and loss of coordination (Carpenter, 1978).

Liver damage and an altered response to drugs were seen in rats given nonane for 2 or 7 days (Khan, 1980; Pandya & Shan, 1982). White spirit vapor, which contains large amounts of nonane, caused neurochemical changes in rats exposed by inhalation for up to 17 weeks (Savolainen & Pfaffli, 1982).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
DERMAL EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, respiratory system, and central nervous system (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).

GENERAL -

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water. Because of the potential for rapid onset of CNS depression with possible aspiration of gastric contents, EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED.

INHALATION EXPOSURE -

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE -

Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation, aspiration and possible acute lung injury, or CNS depression, DO NOT induce emesis.
DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting.
Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS111-84-2 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: n-Nonane
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Nonane, all isomers
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Nonane, all isomers
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Nonane
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS111-84-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 2001
- LC50- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

1 ppm = 5.23 mg/m(3); 1 mg/m(3) = 0.191 ppm (HSDB , 1998)
1 ppm = 5.25 mg/m(3) (at 68 degrees F and 760 mmHg) (NIOSH , 1998)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS111-84-2 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Under Study

n-Nonane

TLV:

TLV-TWA:
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s):
Molecular Weight:

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

Adopted Value

Nonane, all isomers

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 200 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): CNS impair
Molecular Weight: 128.26

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

Under Study

Nonane, all isomers

TLV:

TLV-TWA:
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s):
Molecular Weight:

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS111-84-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS111-84-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Nonane
REL:

TWA: 200 ppm (1050 mg/m(3))
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH: Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS111-84-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS111-84-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS111-84-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS111-84-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS111-84-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS111-84-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS111-84-2 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS111-84-2 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS111-84-2 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Nonane

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1920 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Nonanes

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1920
Packing Group: III

III: Packing Group III - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is minor.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3

3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions: B1, IB3, T2, TP1

B1: If the material has a flash point at or above 38 °C (100 °F) and below 93 °C (200 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.241 of this subchapter are applicable. If the material has a flash point of less than 38 °C (100 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.242 of this subchapter are applicable.
IB3: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1 and 31HA2, 31HB2, 31HN2, 31HD2 and 31HH2). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130 kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized, except for UN2672 (also see Special Provision IP8 in Table 3 for UN2672).
T2: Minimum test pressure (bar): 1.5; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 150
Non-bulk packaging: 203
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 60 L
Cargo aircraft only: 220 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1920 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Nonanes
UN Number: 1920

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS111-84-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Nonane
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 1

(1) Slightly toxic material. May cause irritation, but only minor residual injury even without treatment. Recognized innocuous materials when used with responsible care.

Flammability Rating (Red): 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 0

(0) Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Nonane should be stored in tightly closed containers in a well-ventilated, cool area (Sittig, 1991). Broken packages containing this compound should not be handled unless persons are wearing appropriate protective clothing (AAR, 1996). Keep nonane away from sparks, flames, or other ignition sources (AAR, 1996; (Sittig, 1991). Nonane should be kept away from strong oxidizers (e.g. peroxides, perchlorates, and nitrates) (NIOSH , 1998).
Explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings should be used whenever the material is used, handled, manufactured, or stored. Only non-sparking tools and equipment should be used, especially when opening and closing containers (Sittig, 1991).

HANDLING

Persons should not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate protective clothing (AAR, 1996).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Keep material away from sparks, flames, or other ignition sources (AAR, 1996). Containers should be stored in a well-ventilated, cool area. Bond and ground containers involving the transfer of 5 gallons or more of this compound. Equip drums with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings should be used whenever the material is used, handled, manufactured, or stored. Only non-sparking tools and equipment should be used, especially when opening and closing containers (Sittig, 1991).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Containers should be stored in a well-ventilated, cool area (Sittig, 1991).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Nonane should be kept away from strong oxidizers (e.g. peroxides, perchlorates, and nitrates) (Lewis, 1996; NIOSH , 1998).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

Workers should wear appropriate eye protection and solvent resistant clothing and gloves to prevent contact with this compound and should wash skin at the end of each work shift (NIOSH , 1998; Sittig, 1991). Protective clothing should be clean, available each day, and put on before entering the job site (Sittig, 1991). Due to the flammability hazard associated with nonane, clothing that has been contaminated should be removed immediately. Where the possibility for exposure exists, eyewash fountains should be provided (NIOSH , 1998).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Splash-proof chemical goggles and face shields should be worn when working with this compound, unless full facepiece respiratory protection is used (Sittig, 1991).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 111-84-2.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
- Substance may be transported hot.
- If molten aluminum is involved, refer to GUIDE 169.
When exposed to heat or flame, nonane is a very dangerous fire hazard. Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus should be worn when fighting fires involving this compound (AAR, 1996; (Lewis, 1996).
Disasters occur when large quantities of this liquid escape and flow toward a section of a factory where ignition could take place or when liquid has spread over a large surface and evaporated quickly. Fires and explosions occur when massive amounts of liquefied gas or liquid have escaped from a malfunctioning valve or pipe failure. To avoid such disasters, ensure that reserve valves and automatic closure devices are provided (HSDB , 1998).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS111-84-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Nonane
Flammability Rating: 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

INITIATING OR CONTRIBUTING PROPERTIES

Nonane, when heated to decomposition, emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes (Lewis, 1996).

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.
CAUTION: For mixtures containing a high percentage of an alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS111-84-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Nonane
Extinguishing Method(s): 1

1: "Water may be ineffective" applies to a situation where materials with a flash point below 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C) are burning. Water will only be effective if used by experienced fire fighters under favorable conditions. Even though water may not put the fire out, it can be used to protect equipment and structures.

Water may be used as a fog; solid streams may be ineffective. Water should be applied from as far a distance as possible. Carbon dioxide, foam, or dry chemical may be employed in fighting fires involving nonane. Unless flow can be stopped, do not attempt to extinguish fire. Affected containers may be cooled with flooding quantities of water. Containers may explode in a fire. Run-off should be kept out of sewers and water sources (AAR, 1996; (Lewis, 1996; Sittig, 1991).

CHRIS (1998) reports that water may be ineffective when fighting fires involving nonane.

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Nonane, when heated to decomposition, emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes (Lewis, 1996).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

In the vapor phase, this compound will explode when exposed to heat or flame (Lewis, 1996).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, this compound emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes (Lewis, 1996).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

This compound may react with oxidizing materials such as peroxides, nitrates, or perchlorates (Lewis, 1996; NIOSH , 1998).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS111-84-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS111-84-2 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Nonane (Shellsol 140)
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 200
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 200
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 350
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 350
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS111-84-2 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS111-84-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
Workers should avoid breathing vapors, stay upwind, and avoid contact with compound. Persons not wearing protective clothing should be kept from area of spill or leak. Due to the possibility of an explosion, nonane should be kept out of water sources and sewers. Dikes may be used to contain flow. Stop leak if possible and without risk. Water spray may be used to knock-down vapors. Area of spill or leak should be ventilated. Discharged material should be isolated and removed (AAR, 1996; (CHRIS , 1998; Sittig, 1991).
If nonane is spilled on land, pits, ponds, lagoons, or other holding areas may be used to contain solid or liquid spills. Surface flows may be diked using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents may be used to absorb bulk liquid (AAR, 1996).
Nonane will float in a slick on the water surface. Natural barriers or oil spill control booms may be used to limit spill movement. Trapped material can be removed with suction hoses. This compound may cause shoreline fouling (AAR, 1996; (CHRIS , 1998).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

RECYCLING/RECLAMATION

Nonane may be disposed of by spraying into incinerator or burned in paper packaging. An additional flammable solvent can be added (OHM/TADS , 1998).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Nonane, a constituent in the paraffin fraction of crude oil and natural gas, may be released into the environment through its use, manufacture, and from petroleum and gasoline industry wastes. It may also be released from solvent-based building materials, printing pastes, varnishes, paints, adhesives, other coatings, and air fresheners. Other pollution sources include hazardous waste sites; landfills and waste incinerators; vulcanization and extrusion operations during rubber and synthetic production; and the combustion of gasoline, diesel fuels, and plastics. Nonane is also a volatile component of roasted filberts and beaufort cheese (Howard, 1993).

Eight adhesives used in building materials emitted nonane at an average rate of 740 mcg/g/hr over a two-week drying period (Howard, 1993).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

In ambient air, nonane will exist primarily in the vapor phase and should not undergo direct photolysis. In the vapor phase, it is expected to react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (an estimated half-life of 1.5 days) (Howard, 1993).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- In water, photolysis and hydrolysis are not important fate processes. Bioconcentration is environmentally important (log BCF of 3.31 to 3.92) and biodegradation may occur, but volatilization and adsorption are expected to be more significant fate processes. With an estimated Koc range of 13,900 to 22,250, nonane may partition from the water column to organic matter in suspended solids and sediments. Nonane should also rapidly volatilize from waters; the half-life in a model river is estimated at 3.3 hours (Howard, 1993).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Neither photolysis nor hydrolysis are environmentally important. Although biodegradation may occur, volatilization and adsorption are more significant fate processes. Nonane is expected to be immobile in most soils (with an estimated Koc of 13,900 to 22,250). In moist soils, nonane will rapidly volatilize (Howard, 1993).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

UV light absorption is not expected to be environmentally significant for this compound (>290 nm), indicating that it will probably not undergo direct photolysis or hydrolysis. Nonane has an atmospheric half-life of 1.5 days to 1.3 days, based on a rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals of 10.2x10(-12) cm(3)/molecule-sec (at 39 degrees), and 10.7x10(-12) cm(3)/molecule-sec (at 26 degrees C) respectively (Howard, 1993).

BIODEGRADATION

"At intervals of 6, 12, and 24 hr endogenous respiration was 0.2, 0.4, and 1.1% of the TOD for n-nonane at a concentration of 500 mg/L in 20 mL volume soln of supernatant liquid with a suspended solids concentration to 2500 mg/L from differing aeration units of sewage treatment facilities" (Howard, 1993).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

No information found at the time of this review.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

128.29

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Nonane exists as a colorless liquid with a sharp, gasoline-like odor (AAR, 1996; ACGIH, 1996; (Lewis, 1996).

VAPOR PRESSURE

10 mmHg (at 38 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1996; (Lewis, 1996)

4.45 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Howard, 1993)

3 mmHg (NIOSH , 1998)

40 mmHg (at 60 degrees C) (OHM/TADS , 1998)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

LIQUID: 0.718 (at 20/4 degrees C) (CHRIS , 1998; Lewis, 1996)
0.7176 (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1996)
0.72 (at 20/4 degrees C) (NIOSH , 1998)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

0.7 for nonane (NFPA, 1997)

DENSITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

0.722 g/mL (Lewis, 1993)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-51 degrees C (Lewis, 1996)
-54 degrees C (Lewis, 1993)
-53.5 degrees C; -64.3 degrees F; 219.7 degrees K (ACGIH, 1996; (CHRIS , 1998)
-60 degrees F (NIOSH , 1998)

MELTING POINT

-46.7 degrees C (Howard, 1993)
-51 degrees C (OHM/TADS , 1998)
-53.7 degrees C (Lewis, 1996)

BOILING POINT

150.7 degrees C (Lewis, 1996)

150.8 degrees C (at 760 mmHg) (ACGIH, 1996; (HSDB , 1998)

151 degrees C; 303 degrees F (NFPA, 1997; (NIOSH , 1998)

150.79 (OHM/TADS , 1998)

151 degrees C; 304 degrees F; 424 degrees K (CHRIS , 1998)

FLASH POINT

31 degrees C; 88 degrees F (closed cup) (ACGIH, 1996; (Lewis, 1996) NFPA, 1997; (NIOSH , 1998)

30 degrees C; 86 degrees F (closed cup) (Lewis, 1993)

75 degrees F (AAR, 1996)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

374 degrees F (Lewis, 1996)

206 degrees C; 403 degrees F (Lewis, 1993)

206.11 degrees C (OHM/TADS , 1998)

205 degrees C; 401 degrees F (CHRIS , 1998) NFPA, 1997)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

0.8% (Lewis, 1996)
0.87% (ACGIH, 1996)

UPPER

2.9% (ACGIH, 1996; (Lewis, 1996)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Nonane is insoluble in water (Lewis, 1996).
0.07 mcg/mL (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1998)
0.43 mg/L in salt water (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1998)
0.122 mg/L (at 25 degrees C) (Howard, 1993)
0.006 ppm (at 25 degrees C) (OHM/TADS , 1998)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Nonane is soluble in absolute alcohol and ether (Lewis, 1996).
This compound is infinitely soluble in acetone and benzene (ACGIH, 1996).
>10% in acetone (HSDB , 1998)
>10% in benzene (HSDB , 1998)
>10% in ethanol (HSDB , 1998)
>10% in chloroform (HSDB , 1998)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = 5.46 (estimate) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Howard, 1993)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

6.16 atm-m(3)/mol (at 25 degrees C) (calculated from VP/Wsol) (Howard, 1993)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

6786 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 1998)

MASS

579 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons) (HSDB , 1998)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

47 ppm (ACGIH, 1996)
3412 mg/m(3) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)
9800 ppm (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1998)
6.50x10(2) ppm (HSDB , 1998)

SURFACE TENSION

24.72 dynes/cm (HSDB , 1998)
22.9 dynes/cm; 0.0229 N/m (at 20 degrees C) (CHRIS , 1998)

CRITICAL PRESSURE

335 psia; 22.8 atm; 2.31 MN/m(2) (CHRIS , 1998)
22.5 atm (HSDB , 1998)

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

321.4 degrees C; 610.5 degrees F; 594.6 degrees K (CHRIS , 1998)
321 degrees C (HSDB , 1998)

HEAT OF COMBUSTION

-19.067 Btu/lb; -10.593 cal/g; -443.21x10(5) J/kg (CHRIS , 1998)

HEAT OF FUSION

28.83 cal/g (CHRIS , 1998)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.40561 (at 20 degrees C) (Lewis, 1993)
1.4054 (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1998)

IONIZATION POTENTIAL

10.21 eV (NIOSH , 1998)

LIQUID WATER INTERFACIAL TENSION

LIQUID WATER INTERFACIAL TENSION

35 dynes/cm; 0.035 N/m (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1998)

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

203 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 1998)

VISCOSITY

0.71 cP (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)
LIQUID: 0.711 cP (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1998)
VAPOR: 63.3 mcP (at 100.3 degrees C) (HSDB , 1998)

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Arsenic Trioxide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007m. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480220305&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Automotive Gasoline Unleaded (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009a. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a7cc17&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Bis-Chloromethyl Ether (BCME) (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006n. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648022db11&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Boron Tribromide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008a. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064803ae1d3&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Bromine Chloride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007d. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648039732a&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Bromoacetone (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008e. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064809187bf&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Calcium Phosphide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2005d. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020c5ed&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Carbonyl Fluoride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008b. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064803ae328&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Carbonyl Sulfide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007e. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648037ff26&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Chlorobenzene (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008c. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064803a52bb&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Cyanogen (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008f. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064809187fe&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Dimethyl Phosphite (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a7cbf3&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Diphenylchloroarsine (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007l. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020fd29&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Ethyl Isocyanate (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008h. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648091884e&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Ethyl Phosphorodichloridate (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008i. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480920347&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Ethylbenzene (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008g. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064809203e7&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Ethyldichloroarsine (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007j. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020fd29&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Germane (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008j. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480963906&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Hexafluoropropylene (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064801ea1f5&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Ketene (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ee7c&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Magnesium Aluminum Phosphide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2005h. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020c5ed&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Magnesium Phosphide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2005g. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020c5ed&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Malathion (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009k. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064809639df&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Mercury Vapor (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009b. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a8a087&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Methyl Isothiocyanate (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008k. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480963a03&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007a. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064802a4985&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Methylchlorosilane (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2005. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020c5f4&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents