N-OCTANE

This compound is utilized extensively in the petroleum industry, in organic synthesis, calibrations, azeotropic distillations, in motor and aviation fuels, as a chemical raw material, as a blowing agent for foam rubber used in rocket propellants, and as an industrial solvent (Hathaway, 1991; ((HSDB, 1995); Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 1993).

FORMS

n-Octane is a clear, colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor (Lewis, 1992; Lewis, 1993) NIOSH, 1995).
This compound has 17 isomers (Hathaway, 1991).
It is a component of crude oil and natural gas, and is also found in gasoline and petroleum solvents (eg, VM&P naphtha) (ACGIH, 1991; Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
Grades available ((HSDB, 1995)):
Research 99.92%
Pure 99.6%
Technical 98.7%

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

n-Octane is toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and skin or eye exposure. The most probable route of exposure is by inhalation.

Symptoms include eye, respiratory tract, and skin irritation; drowsiness; dermatitis; chemical pneumonia if the liquid is aspirated; and in animals has caused CNS depression. If it is swallowed, it may cause nausea and vomiting.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
DERMAL EXPOSURE - Promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, respiratory and central nervous systems (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).

ORAL EXPOSURE

Gastric emptying is generally not indicated following n-octane ingestion unless toxic additives are present. Gastric emptying is not necessary following accidental ingestion of small amounts.
Gastric lavage is usually not preferred, as low-viscosity hydrocarbons may "wick" along the outside of the lavage tube and be aspirated into the lungs, resulting in lipoid pneumonitis.
Activated charcoal adsorbs hydrocarbons such as kerosene, turpentine, and benzene in vitro and in animal models. Activated charcoal may cause vomiting, which may increase the risk of aspiration. Activated charcoal may be indicated in patients who have coingested an adsorbable toxic substance.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.

In symptomatic patients (coughing, choking, etc) monitor blood gases to assure adequate ventilation. Admit the patient for observation.
Observe patient for 6 hours. If vital signs become abnormal or symptoms develop, admit patient to the hospital and obtain a chest x-ray. Asymptomatic patients can be usually be discharged following 6 hours of observation.
SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue).

Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years).
Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia.

ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.
Antibiotics are indicated only if bacterial superinfection of the lungs occurs. Steroids have not been shown to be of benefit for hydrocarbon pneumonitis.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

ANIMAL DATA

In mice, 35 mg/L caused the loss of righting reflexes, and 50 mg/L resulted in a total loss of reflexes. This loss of reflexes was also seen at a concentration of 9.5% for 125 minutes; however, 1.9% was tolerated, with reversible effects, for 143 minutes (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
Mice exposed to ISO-OCTANE, another octane isomer, at a concentration of 32,000 ppm died within 3 to 4 minutes; symptoms included irregular respirations and irritation. One of four mice died after a 5-minute exposure to 16,000 ppm; sensory irritation was evident. Five-minute exposures to 8000 ppm produced no narcosis. In another study, mice exposed to 6600 to 13,700 ppm octane exhibited narcosis within 30 to 90 minutes (ACGIH, 1991) Hathaway, 1991).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.
In humans, the concentration at which n-octane produces narcosis is estimated to be between 8000 and 10,000 ppm. The fatal concentration is expected to be approximately 13,500 ppm (ACGIH, 1991).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS111-65-9 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Octane, all isomers
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Octane
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS111-65-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 1995
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LDLo- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS

1 ppm = 4.75 mg/m(3) at 68 degrees (760 mmHg) (NIOSH, 1995)

4.67 mg/m(3) = approximately 1 ppm ((HSDB, 1995))

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS111-65-9 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Octane, all isomers

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 300 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): URT irr
Molecular Weight: 114.22

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS111-65-9 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS111-65-9 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Octane
REL:

TWA: 75 ppm (350 mg/m(3))
STEL:
Ceiling: 385 ppm (1800 mg/m(3)) [15-minute]
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 1000 ppm
Note(s): [10%LEL]

[10%LEL]: The 10%LEL designation is provided where the IDLH was based on 10% of the lower explosive limit. This is used for safety purposes in some cases even though toxicity is not indicative of irreversible health effects or impairment of escape exists only at higher concentrations.

OSHA PEL Values for CAS111-65-9 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Octane
Table Z-1 for Octane:

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 500

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 2350

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS111-65-9 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS111-65-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS111-65-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS111-65-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS111-65-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS111-65-9 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS111-65-9 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS111-65-9 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Octane

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1262 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Octanes

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1262
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3

3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions: IB2, T4, TP1

IB2: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized.
T4: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 150
Non-bulk packaging: 202
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 5 L
Cargo aircraft only: 60 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: B

B: (i) The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length; and (ii) "On deck only" on passenger vessels in which the number of passengers specified in paragraph (k)(2)(i) of this section is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1262 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Octanes
UN Number: 1262

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS111-65-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: n-Octane
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 1

(1) Slightly toxic material. May cause irritation, but only minor residual injury even without treatment. Recognized innocuous materials when used with responsible care.

Flammability Rating (Red): 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 0

(0) Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

According to 49 CFR 171.2: "No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by.../the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171 to 177)" ((HSDB, 1995))

HANDLING

Appropriate protective clothing must be worn when handling broken containers or packages (AAR, 1994).

STORAGE

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Adequate ventilation should prevent the formation of harmful concentrations ((HSDB, 1995)).
- Venting: Open (flame arrester) (CHRIS , 1995)
Storage Temperature: Ambient (CHRIS , 1995)

INCOMPATIBILITIES

It is incompatible with strong oxidizers (explosion may result) (Lewis, 1992) NIOSH, 1995).
It is stable during transport (CHRIS , 1995).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

Avoid breathing n-octane vapors. Appropriate protective clothing should be worn to prevent skin contact. If skin contact occurs, washing, with soap and water, should be done immediately. For eye contact, irrigate with running water. Contaminated clothing should be removed immediately, especially if it becomes wet with a liquid which has a flash point less than 100 degrees F (to avoid flammability hazard). Such clothing should be placed in a closed container for storage until laundering or disposal. There is no specific recommendation for workers to change clothing when leaving the job site (AAR, 1994; ((HSDB, 1995); ITI, 1988) NIOSH, 1995).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Use appropriate eye protection to prevent contact with this substance (goggles or face shield). In areas where there is any possibility that persons may be exposed to n-octane, eyewash fountains should be provided (CHRIS , 1995; (HSDB, 1995)) NIOSH, 1995).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 111-65-9.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Neoprene

River City

Neoprene splash suits

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

Responder

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder Plus

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.003
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

River City

PVC splash suits

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Butyl/Neoprene

Comasec Safety, Inc

Butyl+Plus

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 8
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 252
Notes: tested in accordance with ASTM F739
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Latex

Memphis Glove Company

5290 Series Flock-Lined Latex

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Natural Rubber

Comasec Safety, Inc

Astro-Flex

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 20
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 120
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Black Max

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 24
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 96
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Jelly Fish

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 20
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 120
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Neoprene

Comasec Safety, Inc

Astro-Prene

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 420
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 216
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Memphis Glove Company

5410S Series Flock-Lined Neoprene

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

6912 Neomax Neoprene

Degradation Rating: 5 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 246
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Nitrile

Marigold Industrial

315F

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

326Y

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 9
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >1,000
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

368R

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 22
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 100 to 1000
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

CO7B

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

CR30

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

G12T

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Recommended
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

ME104

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 57
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 100 to 1000
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

U263B/G

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

US:173 / CAN:459

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 16
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >1,000
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

US:414 / CAN:454

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 7
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >1,000
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

Memphis Glove Company

5320 Series Flock-Lined Nitrile

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

9750 Series Predator Nitrile

Degradation Rating: 3 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 63
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Polyvinyl Chloride

Comasec Safety, Inc

Blockbuster LP

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 75
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 102
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Lion Paw

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 75
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 102
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Presti

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 75
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 102
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Yellow Jacket

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 75
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 102
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Yellow Submarine

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 75
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 102
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Memphis Glove Company

6400 Actifresh Green PVC

Degradation Rating: 1 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 27
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Polyvinyl Chloride/Nitrile

Comasec Safety, Inc

Multi+plus

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 105
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 72
Notes: tested in accordance with ASTM F739
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

Comasec Safety, Inc 8 Niblick Road Box 1219 Enfield, CT 06083-1219 USA Phone: (860) 741-2207 Fax: (860) 741-0881 Toll-Free: (800) 333-0219 Website: http://www.comasecsafety.com Email: info@comasecsafety.com
DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
Marigold Industrial 3585 Engineering Drive Suite 200 Box 926090 Norcross, GA 30092 USA Phone: (800) 733-0987 Fax: (800) 786-4564 Toll-Free: (800) 733-0987 Website: http://www.marigoldindustrial.com
Memphis Glove Company 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (901) 795-0672 Fax: (901) 794-7622 Toll-Free: (800) 955-6887 Website: http://www.memphisglove.com
River City 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (800) 888-0347 Fax: (901) 795-3815 Toll-Free: (800) 888-0347 Website: http://www.protectivewear.com Email: support@protectivewear.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
- Substance may be transported hot.
- If molten aluminum is involved, refer to GUIDE 169.
n-Octane is a flammable liquid. It is a dangerous fire risk and explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame (Budavari, 1989; Lewis, 1993).
This compound emits irritating fumes and acrid smoke when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1992).
Toxic vapors and gases, such as carbon monoxide, may be released in a fire involving this compound ((HSDB, 1995)).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS111-65-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: n-Octane
Flammability Rating: 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.
CAUTION: For mixtures containing a high percentage of an alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS111-65-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: n-Octane
Extinguishing Method(s): 1

1: "Water may be ineffective" applies to a situation where materials with a flash point below 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C) are burning. Water will only be effective if used by experienced fire fighters under favorable conditions. Even though water may not put the fire out, it can be used to protect equipment and structures.

Water may be ineffective for directly fighting a fire involving n-octane. However, water can be utilized as a spray/fog to absorb heat as well as to protect/cool containers and surrounding structures. When attempting this, caution should be exercised as solid streams of water may actually spread the fire. Apply water from as far away as possible. Do not attempt to fight the fire unless the leak can be safely confined or stopped (AAR, 1994; (ITI, 1988; NFPA, 1994).

To extinguish a fire involving n-octane use dry chemical powder, foam, and carbon dioxide (AAR, 1994; (CHRIS , 1995; ITI, 1988).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

n-Octane is a severe explosion hazard when exposed to flame, heat, or oxidizers (Lewis, 1992).

It is a potential explosion threat when in a confined space ((HSDB, 1995)).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

n-Octane emits irritating fumes and acrid smoke when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1992).

Toxic vapors and gases, such as carbon monoxide, may be released in a fire involving this compound ((HSDB, 1995)).

n-Octane vapors are heavier than air; flashback along a vapor trail is possible. Explosion can occur if vapors are ignited in an enclosed area (AAR, 1994; (CHRIS , 1995).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

n-Octane is incompatible with strong oxidizers (explosion may result) (Lewis, 1992) NIOSH, 1995).

This compound will attack some forms of rubber, plastics, and coatings ((HSDB, 1995)).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

AAR (1994) suggests that, due to the potential explosion hazard, if a container is exposed to open flame, consider evacuation in a 1/3-mile radius. Evacuation from downwind should be based on weather conditions, location, and size of spill.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS111-65-9 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS111-65-9 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Octane, n-
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 300
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 300
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 385
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 1,000
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS111-65-9 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS111-65-9 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 1000 ppm
Note(s): [10%LEL]

([10%LEL]) The 10%LEL designation is provided where the IDLH was based on 10% of the lower explosive limit. This is used for safety purposes in some cases even though toxicity is not indicative of irreversible health effects or impairment of escape exists only at higher concentrations.

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
Attempt to stop the leak if possible without undue personnel danger. Water spray should be utilized to knock-down vapors. Construct dikes to contain spill/water flow. Keep spill run-off out of sewers as well as other water sources. Flames, sparks, and other ignition sources should be kept out of the vicinity (AAR, 1994; (ITI, 1988).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Absorb n-octane on paper, and then evaporate on an iron or glass dish within a fume hood; burn paper (ITI, 1988).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.
n-Octane may be sprayed (atomized) into a furnace for incineration: Mixing with an even more flammable solvent may be helpful (ITI, 1988).

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) are subject to significant revision at this time. Consult with the appropriate regulatory agencies for guidance regarding proper disposal techniques ((HSDB, 1995)).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

n-Octane is a component in the paraffin fractions of natural gas and crude oil. Hence, it is primarily released to the environment through its use, manufacture, and disposal by the petroleum industry. Other anthropogenic sources include: combustion of gasoline fueled engines; vulcanization/extrusion operations during rubber and synthetic production; from coatings, adhesives, varnishes, paints, and printing pastes; hazardous waste sites, waste incinerators, and landfills ((HSDB, 1995)).

Vast amounts of data indicate that this compound occurs ubiquitously as an atmospheric, water, and soil pollutant ((HSDB, 1995)).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

n-Octane will exist entirely in the vapor phase within the atmosphere. Reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals is an important pathway for atmospheric transformation of n-octane; estimated half-life: 1.84 days. At night, reaction with nitrate radicals may also contribute to transformation, especially in urban areas. Hydrolysis and photolysis are not expected to be important processes ((HSDB, 1995)).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Rapid volatilization and adsorption are expected to be significant pathways for removal of n-octane from the water column. Hydrolysis and photolysis are not expected to be important. It may partition from the water column to suspended solids and organic sediments. Biodegradation may occur, but unfortunately, there are not enough data to fully predict its significance ((HSDB, 1995)).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- n-Octane's Koc value indicates that this compound is immobile in soil. Hydrolysis and photolysis are not expected to be important processes. In moist soils, volatilization and adsorption are expected to be significant pathways. Biodegradation may occur, but unfortunately, there are not enough data to fully predict its importance ((HSDB, 1995)).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

For this compound the log bioconcentration factor is estimated to be between 2.89 to 3.71, which indicates that bioconcentration, in aquatic systems, may be an important factor ((HSDB, 1995)).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

No information found at the time of this review.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

114.22 (Budavari, 1989)

114.26 (Lewis, 1992)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

n-Octane is a clear, colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor (Lewis, 1992; Lewis, 1993) NIOSH, 1995).

No information found at the time of this review.

VAPOR PRESSURE

10 mmHg (at 19.2 degrees C) (Lewis, 1992)

14.1 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

LIQUID: 0.7028 (at 20/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 1989)

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

LIQUID: 0.7025 g/mL (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

LIQUID: 0.7036 g/mL (Lewis, 1992)
LIQUID: 0.7028 g/mL (Budavari, 1989)
LIQUID: 0.7026 g/mL (Lewis, 1993)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-70.2 degrees F (CHRIS , 1995)
-56.798 degrees C (Lewis, 1993)
-56.5 degrees C (Lewis, 1992)
216.4 degrees K (CHRIS , 1995)

MELTING POINT

-56.8 degrees C (Budavari, 1989)

BOILING POINT

258.1 degrees F (CHRIS , 1995)

125.6 degrees C (at 760 mmHg) (Budavari, 1989; Lewis, 1993)

125.7 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991)

125.8 degrees C (Lewis, 1992)

398.9 degrees K (CHRIS , 1995)

FLASH POINT

22 degrees C; 72 degrees F (open cup) (ACGIH, 1991; Budavari, 1989)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

206 degrees C; 403 degrees F (NFPA, 1994)

220 degrees C; 428 degrees F (Lewis, 1993)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

0.96% (ACGIH, 1991)

UPPER

6.5% (NIOSH, 1995)
4.66% (ACGIH, 1991)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

n-Octane is not soluble in water (Budavari, 1989) Clayton & Clayton, 1988; ((HSDB, 1995); Lewis, 1993).
0.7 mcg/mL (at 25 degrees C) ((HSDB, 1995))

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

It is slightly soluble in ethanol, and miscible with ether, acetone, gasoline, petroleum ether, chloroform, and benzene (Budavari, 1989) Clayton & Clayton, 1988; ((HSDB, 1995); Lewis, 1993).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = 4.00-5.18 (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; (HSDB, 1995))

HENRY'S CONSTANT

3.21 atm-m(3)/mol (at 25 degrees) (estimated) ((HSDB, 1995))

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

457 (Sadtler Reference Number; IR, Grating) ((HSDB, 1995))
5245 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Prism Collection) ((HSDB, 1995))

MASS

412 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data) ((HSDB, 1995))

OTHER/PHYSICAL

SURFACE TENSION

21.80 dynes/cm (contact with vapor at 20 degrees C) ((HSDB, 1995))
21.7 dynes/cm (0.0217 N/m at 20 degrees C) (CHRIS , 1995)

CRITICAL PRESSURE

24.8 atm ((HSDB, 1995))
24.5 atm (CHRIS , 1995)
361 psia (CHRIS , 1995)
2.49 MN/m(3) (CHRIS , 1995)

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

296 degrees C ((HSDB, 1995))
295.4 degrees C (CHRIS , 1995)
563.7 degrees F (CHRIS , 1995)
568.6 degrees K (CHRIS , 1995)

DIPOLE MOMENT

0 ((HSDB, 1995))

HEAT OF COMBUSTION

1302.7 kg cal/g mol weight (at 760 mmHg and 20 degrees C) ((HSDB, 1995))
-19,112 Btu/lb; -10,618 cal/g; -444.26x10(5) J/kg (CHRIS , 1995)

HEAT OF FUSION

43.21 cal/g (CHRIS , 1995)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.39745 (at 20 degrees C) (Lewis, 1993)
1.39764 (at 20 degrees C/D) (Budavari, 1989)

IONIZATION POTENTIAL

9.82 eV (NIOSH, 1995)

LIQUID WATER INTERFACIAL TENSION

35 dynes/cm; 0.035 N/m (at 20 degrees C) (estimated) (CHRIS , 1995)

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

216 (Varian Associates NMR Spectra Catalog) ((HSDB, 1995))

VISCOSITY

0.54 cP (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents