NITROMETHANE

Nitromethane is used as a fuel for rockets and racing cars, a gasoline additive, a chemical stabilizer, a chemical intermediate, a solvent, and a component in explosive mixtures (ACGIH, 1996; Hathaway et al, 1996; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1997; Sittig, 1991).

FORMS

Nitromethane is available in grades of 95 to 99% purity (CHRIS , 2000).

SOURCES

Nitromethane is produced when sodium nitrite and sodium chloroacetate interact or when methane or propane react under pressure with nitric acid. When propane is used in the production of nitromethane, nitroethane and nitropropane will also be formed. The compounds can be separated by fractional distillation (Budavari, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1993; Lewis, 1997; Snyder et al, 1990).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Nitromethane is a skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritant. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cough, dizziness, headache, CNS depression and dermatitis may occur. Experimental animals have developed focal necrosis of the liver and kidney, depressed hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations, decreased weight gain, weakness, ataxia, and seizures.

Thermal decomposition may release oxides of nitrogen with the potential for serious respiratory tract irritation and pulmonary edema.

Methemoglobinemia and anuria are rare effects of exposure to both nitromethane and nitrocellulose.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin.
Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Nitromethane is a mild skin and mucous membrane irritant and a mild CNS depressant in humans (HSDB; (Clayton & Clayton, 1993). No other systemic effects have been reported in humans (Hathaway et al, 1991).

Some nitro- compounds may induce methemoglobinemia. Nitromethane did not induce methemoglobin in rats, rabbits, or mice (HSDB). One case of methemoglobin formation in a nitromethane-exposed human was found in the literature, but this case involved mixed exposure with another nitro- compound in an individual with prior kidney damage (Kaiffer et al, 1972).

In experimental animals, the predominant effect of acute nitromethane exposure is CNS depression, but liver and kidney damage have also occurred (Clayton & Clayton, 1993; Hathaway et al, 1991).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

No systemic effects have been reported with occupational nitromethane exposure (ACGIH, 1992).

Repeated skin contact can produce defatting dermatitis (NIOSH/OSHA, 1982). Heavy chronic exposure to nitromethane (mixed with trichlorotrifluoroethane) produced a reversible Parkinsonian-like syndrome (Sandyk & Gillman, 1984). In rabbits, inhalation of nitromethane for up to 6 months caused damage to the thyroid gland (Lewis et al, 1979).

Rats exposed to either 100 or 200 ppm nitromethane for 7 hours per day, 5 days per week for 2 years had no effects on mortality, hematology, serum chemistry, or organ weights; exposed females had slightly less weight gain than controls (Griffin et al, 1996).

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

EMESIS/NOT RECOMMENDED

EMESIS: Ipecac-induced emesis is not recommended because of the potential for CNS depression and seizures.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

CHARCOAL DOSE

Use a minimum of 240 milliliters of water per 30 grams charcoal (FDA, 1985). Optimum dose not established; usual dose is 25 to 100 grams in adults and adolescents; 25 to 50 grams in children aged 1 to 12 years (or 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram body weight) ; and 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram in infants up to 1 year old (Chyka et al, 2005).

Routine use of a cathartic with activated charcoal is NOT recommended as there is no evidence that cathartics reduce drug absorption and cathartics are known to cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances and occasionally hypotension (None Listed, 2004).

ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS

Complications: emesis, aspiration (Chyka et al, 2005). Aspiration may be complicated by acute respiratory failure, ARDS, bronchiolitis obliterans or chronic lung disease (Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002; Pollack et al, 1981; Harris & Filandrinos, 1993; Elliot et al, 1989; Rau et al, 1988; Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002). Refer to the ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/TREATMENT management for further information.
Contraindications: unprotected airway (increases risk/severity of aspiration) , nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tract, uncontrolled vomiting, and ingestion of most hydrocarbons (Chyka et al, 2005).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE: Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. However, as required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), individuals who wear contact lenses in the workplace must combine them with appropriate industrial safety eyewear.
DERMAL EXPOSURE: Promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.
INHALATION EXPOSURE: Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS: Eyes, skin, central nervous system, and liver (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).

SUPPORT

Measures to prevent absorption might be beneficial. Inhaled sympathomimetic bronchodilators may be required if bronchospasm develops following oxides of nitrogen exposure, while corticosteroid administration is controversial in this setting.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.
METHEMOGLOBINEMIA: Determine the methemoglobin concentration and evaluate the patient for clinical effects of methemoglobinemia (ie, dyspnea, headache, fatigue, CNS depression, tachycardia, metabolic acidosis). Treat patients with symptomatic methemoglobinemia with methylene blue (this usually occurs at methemoglobin concentrations above 20% to 30%, but may occur at lower methemoglobin concentrations in patients with anemia, or underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disorders). Administer oxygen while preparing for methylene blue therapy.
METHYLENE BLUE: INITIAL DOSE/ADULT OR CHILD: 1 mg/kg IV over 5 to 30 minutes; a repeat dose of up to 1 mg/kg may be given 1 hour after the first dose if methemoglobin levels remain greater than 30% or if signs and symptoms persist. NOTE: Methylene blue is available as follows: 50 mg/10 mL (5 mg/mL or 0.5% solution) single-dose ampules and 10 mg/1 mL (1% solution) vials. Additional doses may sometimes be required. Improvement is usually noted shortly after administration if diagnosis is correct. Consider other diagnoses or treatment options if no improvement has been observed after several doses. If intravenous access cannot be established, methylene blue may also be given by intraosseous infusion. Methylene blue should not be given by subcutaneous or intrathecal injection. NEONATES: DOSE: 0.3 to 1 mg/kg.
Concomitant use of methylene blue with serotonergic drugs, including serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), triptans, and ergot alkaloids may increase the risk of potentially fatal serotonin syndrome.
SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue).

Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years).
Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

EMESIS: Ipecac-induced emesis is not recommended because of the potential for CNS depression and seizures.
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

0.5 to 5.0 g/kg is the estimated oral lethal dose in humans (Hathaway et al, 1996).

CARCINOGENICITY - According to the National Toxicology Program (NTP), inhalation studies involving rats and mice have shown clear evidence for the carcinogenicity of nitromethane (RTECS , 2000)

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

It is estimated that human exposure to 100 parts per million over 8 hours would result in uptake of about 30 milligrams per kilogram (ACGIH, 1986).

ANIMAL DATA

Survival was seen in 6 of 10 rats fed from 70 to 170 milligrams per kilogram per day for 15 weeks, while 7 of 10 rats fed about two-and-one-half times this dose also survived (ACGIH, 1986).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS75-52-5 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A3 ; Listed as: Nitromethane

A3 :Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 2B ; Listed as: Nitromethane

2B : The agent (mixture) is possibly carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are possibly carcinogenic to humans. This category is used for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. It may also be used when there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. In some instances, an agent, mixture or exposure circumstance for which there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but limited evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals together with supporting evidence from other relevant data may be placed in this group.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Nitromethane
MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 3B ; Listed as: Nitromethane

Category 3B : Substances for which in vitro or animal studies have yielded evidence of carcinogenic effects that is not sufficient for classification of the substance in one of the other categories. Further studies are required before a final decision can be made. A MAK value can be established provided no genotoxic effects have been detected. (Footnote: In the past, when a substance was classified as Category 3 it was given a MAK value provided that it had no detectable genotoxic effects. When all such substances have been examined for whether or not they may be classified in Category 4, this sentence may be omitted.)

NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): R ; Listed as: Nitromethane

R : RAHC = Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS75-52-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: ACGIH, 1996 Budavari, 1996 Clayton & Clayton, 1993 ITI, 1995 ) Lewis, 1996 RTECS, 2000 Snyder et al, 1990
- LCLo- (INHALATION)GUINEA_PIG:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)PRIMATE:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)RABBIT:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LCLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD- (INTRAVENOUS)DOG:
- LD- (ORAL)DOG:
- LD- (SUBCUTANEOUS)DOG:
- LD- (ORAL)HUMAN:
- LD- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LD- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LDLo- (INTRAVENOUS)DOG:
- LDLo- (ORAL)DOG:
- LDLo- (INTRAVENOUS)RABBIT:
- LDLo- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS:

1 ppm = 2.495 mg/m(3) (Clayton & Clayton, 1993; Snyder et al, 1990)

1 ppm = 2.50 mg/m(3) (at 68 degrees F; 760 mmHg) (NIOSH , 2000)
1 mg/L = 400.7 ppm (Clayton & Clayton, 1993; Snyder et al, 1990)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS75-52-5 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Nitromethane

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 20 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A3
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions:

A3: Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Thyroid eff; URT irr; lung dam
Molecular Weight: 61.04

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS75-52-5 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS75-52-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Nitromethane
REL:

TWA:
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s): See Appendix D

IDLH:

IDLH: 750 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS75-52-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Nitromethane
Table Z-1 for Nitromethane:

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 100

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 250

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS75-52-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Threshold Quantity, in pounds:2500

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS75-52-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS75-52-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS75-52-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS75-52-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS75-52-5 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS75-52-5 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS75-52-5 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Methane, nitro-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1261 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Nitromethane

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1261
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3

3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions:

Not Listed

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 150
Non-bulk packaging: 202
Bulk packaging: None

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: 60 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1261 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Nitromethane
UN Number: 1261

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS75-52-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Nitromethane
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 2

(2) Moderately toxic material. Intense or continued exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury unless prompt medical treatment is given.

Flammability Rating (Red): 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 4

(4) Materials which in themselves are readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal temperatures and pressures. Includes materials which are shock sensitive at normal temperatures and pressures.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Protect nitromethane from physical damage, external fires, light, heat, and moisture. Store in an outdoor or detached storage facility equipped with adequate ventilation and free from explosives and hazardous processing. Do not allow nitromethane to contact acids, amines, bases, metallic oxides, or oxidizing materials (HSDB , 2000; ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991).

HANDLING

Handle broken packages only if wearing appropriate personnel protection (AAR, 1998).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

An explosion-proof refrigerator should be used for the storage of nitromethane (Sittig, 1991).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

An explosion-proof refrigerator should be used for the storage of nitromethane; protect this compound from light, heat, and moisture in an outdoor or detached storage area; ensure that adequate ventilation is present (HSDB , 2000; ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Nitromethane is incompatible with acids, amines, bases, combustible materials, hydrocarbons, metallic acids, and oxides (Sittig, 1991; NIOSH , 2000).
For more comprehensive incompatibility information, please consult the 'Reactivity Hazard' Section below.

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

Appropriate protection, including goggles, plastic clothing, neoprene gloves, and a self-contained breathing apparatus (canister should not be organic), should be worn to prevent repeated or prolonged contact with the skin and eyes. If the skin becomes contaminated by nitromethane, wash immediately with soap and water. Clothing also should be removed promptly and placed in a draft if contaminated to avoid a flammability hazard. Wash before reusing. Contaminated shoes should be burned (AAR, 1998; (CHRIS , 2000; ITI, 1995; NIOSH , 2000; Sittig, 1991).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Prevent eye contact by wearing appropriate eye protection (Sittig, 1991).

Do not wear contact lenses when working with nitromethane (HSDB , 2000).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 75-52-5.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Neoprene

River City

Neoprene splash suits

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

Responder

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder Plus

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.005
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem F

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 229
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.97
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.005
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem ThermoPro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 229
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.97
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.005
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.005
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Trelleborg-Viking, Inc.

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)

Polyvinyl Chloride

River City

PVC splash suits

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

Rubber Laminate

Trelleborg-Viking, Inc.

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)

Viton/Butyl

Trelleborg-Viking, Inc.

Super

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Butyl 878

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

North Safety Products

Butyl Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Latex

Memphis Glove Company

5290 Series Flock-Lined Latex

Degradation Rating: 2 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 35
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Natural Rubber

Best Manufacturing

Original Nitty Gritty

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 37
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 17
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 73
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 3
Notes: Tested under limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Montgomery Safety Products

Natural Rubber

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <1.0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

North Safety Products

Natural Rubber Canners

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 7
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 2830
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Neoprene

Best Manufacturing

Chloroflex 1823

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 30 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 60
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: 95.5%
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Chloroflex 723

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 29
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 61
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 42
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 3
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Neoprene 6780 Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 144
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 1.3
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 128
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 5
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Ultraflex Neoprene 32

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 205
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 3
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Memphis Glove Company

5410S Series Flock-Lined Neoprene

Degradation Rating: 2 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 43
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

6912 Neomax Neoprene

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Montgomery Safety Products

Neoprene

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 60
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <10
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

Neoprene+NatR

Best Manufacturing

Chem Master CHM

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 205
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 3
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Nitrile

Best Manufacturing

N-DEX 7005

Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Recommended
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

N-DEX 8005

Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 3
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 257
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 5
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 156
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Nitri-Solve 727

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Recommended
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Not Recommended (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 16
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 57
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Ultimate N-Dex 9905

Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 3
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 257
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 5
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 156
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Ultraflex Nitrile 22R

Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 0
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 27
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 1.5
Notes: Tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Memphis Glove Company

5320 Series Flock-Lined Nitrile

Degradation Rating: 0 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 7
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

9750 Series Predator Nitrile

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Montgomery Safety Products

M-Tech

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 30
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <1000
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

Nitrile+PVC

Best Manufacturing

Hustler 725R

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 47
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 44
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 48
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 28
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Plastic Laminate

North -- Safety 4H

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 35 degrees C; 95 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 21 degrees C; 70 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Memphis Glove Company

6400 Actifresh Green PVC

Degradation Rating: 1 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 15
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Viton over Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Viton #890

Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Recommended
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: Tested with limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

Best Manufacturing 579 Edison Street Menlo, GA 30731 USA Phone: (706) 862-2302 Fax: (706) 862-6000 Toll-Free: (800) 241-0323 Website: http://www.bestglove.com Email: USA@bestglove.com
Boss Manufacturing Company 221 W. First Street Kewanee, IL 61443 USA Phone: (309) 852-2131 Fax: (309) 852-0848 Toll-Free: (800) 447-4581 Website: http://www.bossgloves.com Email: custserv@bossgloves.com
DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
Memphis Glove Company 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (901) 795-0672 Fax: (901) 794-7622 Toll-Free: (800) 955-6887 Website: http://www.memphisglove.com
Montgomery Safety Products 1117 Marion Avenue, SW Canton, OH 44707 USA Phone: (800) 562-0600 Toll-Free: (800) 562-0600 Website: http://www.montgomerysafety.com Email: gloves@montgomerysafety.com
North -- Safety 4H 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.safety4.com
North Safety Products 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.northsafety.com Email: marketing@northsafety.com
River City 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (800) 888-0347 Fax: (901) 795-3815 Toll-Free: (800) 888-0347 Website: http://www.protectivewear.com Email: support@protectivewear.com
Trelleborg-Viking, Inc. 170 West Road Suite 1 Portsmouth, NH 03801 USA Phone: (603) 436-1236 Fax: (603) 436-1392 Toll-Free: (800) 344-4458 Website: http://www.trelleborg.com/protective/ Email: protective@trelleborg.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
Nitromethane may respond violently to fire conditions. Toxic nitrous oxides may be formed, containers may explode, and because its vapors are heavier than air, nitromethane can easily travel back to an ignition source, causing a flashback. Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol foam on fires involving this compound (AAR, 1998; (CHRIS , 2000).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS75-52-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Nitromethane
Flammability Rating: 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane or nitroethane.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use straight streams.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS75-52-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Nitromethane
Extinguishing Method(s): 1, 5

1: "Water may be ineffective" applies to a situation where materials with a flash point below 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C) are burning. Water will only be effective if used by experienced fire fighters under favorable conditions. Even though water may not put the fire out, it can be used to protect equipment and structures.
5: Flammable liquid fires can be extinguished using carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, and vaporizing liquid extinguishers, as long as the fires are small to moderate in size and the flammable liquid reservoir is shallow. Use of foam to form a blanket over a flammable liquid is not effective when the liquid is water-soluble. Certain alcohol resistant foams are effective extinguishing agents for polar, non-polar, and water-soluble liquid fires. These foams are preferred for fighting flammable liquid fires except those that involve water reactive flammable liquids.

Attempt to extinguish a fire involving nitromethane only if the flow can be contained and the risk to personnel minimized. Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol foam. Affected containers can be cooled with flooding quantities of water applied from a maximal distance. Continue to cool these containers even after the fire has been put out (AAR, 1998; (CHRIS , 2000).

Fire fighters should be aware that nitromethane may respond violently to fire conditions. Toxic nitrous oxides and carbon monoxide may be formed, containers may explode, and because its vapors are heavier than air, nitromethane can easily travel back to an ignition source, causing a flashback. Therefore, those involved in combatting fires should wear a self-contained breathing apparatus, keep upwind and fight the fire from behind a barrier or other location safe from explosion (AAR, 1998; (ACGIH, 1996; CHRIS , 2000; ITI, 1995).

Consider evacuating an area one-third of a mile in radius if the fire becomes uncontrollable or if containers of nitromethane are directly exposed to flames (AAR, 1998).

If nitromethane is not involved in the fire, keep it protected from flames, sparks, or other ignition sources. Contain the flow and prevent nitromethane from entering sewers or sources of water. If safe, attempt to stop the leak. Vapors can be knocked down using water spray (AAR, 1998).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Toxic nitrogen oxides are formed when nitromethane undergoes combustion (AAR, 1998).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Nitromethane has undergone explosions when exposed (under certain conditions) to the following (HSDB , 2000; Urben, 1995):

aluminum chloride (with the presence of organic matter)
bromine
1,2-diaminoethane
de-oiled sodium hydride powder (when added to nitromethane in THF to generate aci-nitromethanide)
hexylmethylbenzene (explosions at the auxiliary electrode during the electro-oxidation of methyl benzenes)
lithium perchlorate (during elector-oxidation in nitromethane-lithium perchlorate electrolytes)
lithium tetrahydroaluminate
N,2,4,6-tetranitro-N-methlaniline
trimethylsilyl iodide (most likely due to the intermediate fulminic acid)

Explosive silver fulminate is formed when nitromethane reacts with aqueous silver nitrate (Lewis, 1996)

Salts (which are explosive when dry) are formed when nitromethane contacts inorganic bases. Contact with water will cause the sodium salt to burst into flame (Budavari, 1996; Snyder et al, 1990).

Shock or heat can cause nitromethane to detonate, especially when in the presence of amines or acids. Exposure to heat, oxidizers, or flame presents a dangerous fire hazard (Lewis, 1996; Snyder et al, 1990).

Mixtures of nitromethane and nitric acid present an extreme explosion hazard (Urben, 1995).

Nitromethane will begin to decompose explosively at 315 degrees C (599 degrees F). Explosions in close proximity may cause detonation of nitromethane (HSDB , 2000).

Nitromethane should not be heated with hydrocarbons or materials prone to oxidation under confinement, as an explosion may occur during the cooling of these materials. Instead, subject the mixture to small-scale explosive tests prior to heating it above nitromethane's boiling point (Urben, 1995).

Mixtures of acetone and nitromethane can be detonated (Urben, 1995).

Salts of nitroethanedithioc acid (formed by the reaction of carbon disulfide and nitromethane) are explosive (Urben, 1995).

With a flash point of 35 degrees C (95 degrees F), nitromethane will form an explosive mixture with air (Pohanish & Green, 1997).

Nitromethane explodes at approximately 230 degrees C; liquid nitromethane can be detonated by sudden application of gas pressure or forced flow through restrictions (Urben, 1995)

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Toxic fumes of nitrogen and carbon dioxide are emitted when this compound is heated to decomposition (ACGIH, 1996; Lewis, 1996).

With a flash point of 35 degrees C (95 degrees F), nitromethane will form an explosive mixture with air (Pohanish & Green, 1997).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Nitromethane may react violently with the following (Lewis, 1996; Urben, 1995):

aluminum chloride + organic matter
calcium hydroxide
calcium hypochlorite (will react vigorously after a delay)
1,2-diaminomethane (sic)
formaldehyde
hexamethylbenzene
hydrocarbons
hydroxides
inorganic bases
lithium perchlorate
metal oxides
m-methyl aniline
nitric acid
organic amines
potassium hydroxide
sodium hydride

The addition of the following compounds will increase the sensitivity of nitromethane (ILO, 1998; Lewis, 1996; Pohanish & Greene, 1997; Urben, 1995):

acetone (may be detonated when mixed with nitromethane)
acids (sensitized to initiation by a detonator)
aluminum powder
amines (forms a shock sensitive mixture)
ammonium salts + organic solvents
bases (sensitized to initiation by a detonator)
bis (2-aminoethyl) amine (sensitized to detonation)
caustics
1,2-diaminoethane + N,2,4,6-tetranitro-N-methyl aniline
haloforms (e.g. bromoform, chloroform, fluoroform) (may detonate when mixed with nitromethane)
hydrazine + methanol (sensitized to detonation)

Nitromethane has undergone explosions when exposed (under certain conditions) to the following (HSDB , 2000; Urben, 1995):

aluminum chloride (with the presence of organic matter)
bromine
1,2-diaminoethane
de-oiled sodium hydride powder (when added to nitromethane in THF to generate aci-nitromethanide)
hexylmethylbenzene (explosions at the auxiliary electrode during the electro-oxidation of methyl benzenes)
lithium perchlorate (during elector-oxidation in nitromethane-lithium perchlorate electrolytes)
lithium tetrahydroaluminate
N,2,4,6-tetranitro-N-methlaniline
trimethylsilyl iodide (most likely due to the intermediate fulminic acid)

Explosive silver fulminate is formed when nitromethane reacts with aqueous silver nitrate (Lewis, 1996)

Toxic fumes of nitrogen are emitted when this compound is heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1996).

Salts (which are explosive when dry) are formed when nitromethane contacts inorganic bases. Contact with water will cause the sodium salt to burst into flame (Budavari, 1996; Snyder et al, 1990).

Shock or heat can cause nitromethane to detonate, especially when in the presence of amines or acids. Exposure to heat, oxidizers, or flame presents a dangerous fire hazard (Lewis, 1996; Snyder et al, 1990).

Mixtures of nitromethane and nitric acid present an extreme explosion hazard (Urben, 1995).

Nitromethane will begin to decompose explosively at 315 degrees C (599 degrees F). Explosions in close proximity may cause detonation of nitromethane (HSDB , 2000).

Ignition of nitromethane will occur during exposure to alkyl metal halides (Lewis, 1996).

Certain plastics, rubber, and coatings may be attacked by this compound (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Nitromethane should not be heated with hydrocarbons or materials prone to oxidation under confinement, as an explosion may occur during the cooling of these materials. Instead, subject the mixture to small-scale explosive tests prior to heating it above nitromethane's boiling point (Urben, 1995).

Mixtures of acetone and nitromethane can be detonated (Urben, 1995).

Salts of nitroethanedithioc acid (formed by the reaction of carbon disulfide and nitromethane) are explosive (Urben, 1995).

Nitromethane with ignite upon contact with alkylmetal halides; it is especially reactive with diethylaluminum bromide, dimethylaluminum bromide, ethylaluminum bromide iodide, methylaluminum diiodide, and methylzinc iodide (Urben, 1995).

With a flash point of 35 degrees C (95 degrees F), nitromethane will form an explosive mixture with air (Pohanish & Green, 1997).

Protect nitromethane from strong oxidizers to prevent fire and explosions; it is highly flammable when mixed with hydrocarbons or other combustibles (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Decomposition of nitromethane and the development of pressure may occur when this compound contacts metallic oxides (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Silver fulminate may be formed if nitromethane contacts aqueous silver nitrate (Urben, 1995).

Copper and steel will be corroded by nitromethane when wet (NIOSH , 2000).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS75-52-5 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS75-52-5 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Nitromethane
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 20
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 60
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 750
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 750
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS75-52-5 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS75-52-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 750 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
Nitromethane that has been spilled can be cleaned up with an absorbent material and placed in vapor-tight plastic bags prior to disposal. Wash the surface where nitromethane was spilled with alcohol followed by soap and water. Incineration is the recommended disposal method. A catalytic or scrubbing process may be needed to remove the oxides of nitrogen formed from burning large quantities of nitromethane (Sittig, 1991).
If nitromethane is spilled, ignition sources should be removed and the area ventilated. Small spills can be absorbed with paper towels, while large spills should be diluted in fuel oil. The collected material can then be atomized in a combustion chamber equipped with an effluent gas cleaning device. Prevent the entrance of nitromethane into confined spaces, as this will present an explosion hazard (HSDB , 2000).
Mix spilled nitromethane with soda ash and let stand in a bucket of water for two hours. Add 6M HCl until a pH of 7 is achieved (ITI, 1995).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Nitromethane may be released into the atmosphere from vehicle exhaust and cigarette smoke, as well as through its manufacture and use as a solvent. Inhalation of auto exhaust or cigarette smoke is the most probable route of nitromethane exposure for the general population, while both inhalation and dermal contact are likely routes of exposure in occupational settings (HSDB , 2000).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

Photolysis at a half-life of approximately 4 to 9 hours will be the major degradation process for nitromethane that has been released into the atmosphere. The half-life for the reaction of nitromethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is much slower at 100 days, but increases with increasing temperature (HSDB , 2000).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- When released to water, nitromethane will undergo volatilization with a half-life of 28.7 hours in a model river and a half-life of 13 days in a model pond (based upon a calculated Henry's Law constant of 2.59 x 10(-5) atm-m(3)/mole). Nitromethane does not adsorb to sediment or suspended solids in water and is not expected to bioconcentrate in fish (HSDB , 2000).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Given its high vapor pressure, high calculated Henry's Law constant, and high mobility in soil, nitromethane released to soil is likely to undergo rapid volatilization. Degradation of this compound is low and it is expected to leach in soil. The Koc value for nitromethane has been estimated to be from 0.28 to 15 (calculated from its water solubility and Kow value) (HSDB , 2000).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

Bioconcentration factors of 0.1 to 1.5 were calculated for nitromethane based upon its water solubility and Kow value. (1.4 was the experimentally-determined BCF in fish.) These BCF values suggest that accumulation of nitromethane in aquatic life is not likely. However, a 24-hour experiment indicated a BCF of 960 for algae, suggesting that bioaccumulation may be somewhat elevated in this organism (HSDB , 2000).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

No information found at the time of this review.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

61.04

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Nitromethane is a colorless, transparent, highly flammable, and oily liquid at room temperature. Its odor has been described as both 'mild and fruity' and as 'moderately strong and disagreeable' (ACGIH, 1996; Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996; Sittig, 1991).

pH of a 0.01M solution: 6.12 (Budavari, 1996)

VAPOR PRESSURE

27.8 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1993; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1996)

36.7 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Snyder et al, 1990)

3.5 kPa (ILO, 1998)

27.3 torr (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1996)

28 mmHg (NIOSH , 2000)

1.3 mmHg (at -29 degrees C; -20 degrees F) (Kohler & Meyer, 1993)

10 mmHg (at 0 degrees C; 32 degrees F) (Kohler & Meyer, 1993)

32 mmHg (at 20 degrees C; 68 degrees F) (Kohler & Meyer, 1993)

140 mmHg (at 50 degrees C; 122 degrees F) (Kohler & Meyer, 1993)

283 mmHg (at 80 degrees C; 176 degrees F) (Kohler & Meyer, 1993)

1010 mmHg (at 101.2 degrees C; 214.2 degrees F) (Kohler & Meyer, 1993)

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

1.14 (at 20 degrees C) (ITI, 1995)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

1.14 (ILO, 1998; NIOSH , 2000)
1.1385 g/cm(3) (Kohler & Meyer, 1993)

VAPOR DENSITY

2.11 (air = 1) (Clayton & Clayton, 1993; ILO, 1998; Lewis, 1996; Snyder et al, 1990)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-29 degrees C; -20 degrees F; 244 degrees K (CHRIS , 2000; Lewis, 1996; NIOSH , 2000)

MELTING POINT

-29 degrees C (Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 1996; ILO, 1998; ITI, 1995)
-28.55 degrees C (ACGIH, 1996; Snyder et al, 1990)

BOILING POINT

101 degrees C (Ashford, 1994; Lewis, 1996; Sittig, 1991)

101.1 degrees C (ILO, 1998)

101.2 degrees C; 214.2 degrees F; 374.4 degrees K (at 760 mmHg) (ACGIH, 1991; (Budavari, 1996; CHRIS , 2000; Kohler & Meyer, 1993)

46.6 degrees C (at 100 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

27.5 degrees C (at 40 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

14.1 degrees C (at 20 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

2.8 degrees C (at 10 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

-7.9 degrees C (at 5 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

-29 degrees C (at 1.0 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

214 degrees F (NIOSH , 2000)

FLASH POINT

35 degrees C; 95 degrees F (closed cup) (Clayton & Clayton, 1993; ILO, 1998; Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997)

110 degrees F (open cup) (CHRIS , 2000; Clayton & Clayton, 1993)

44 degrees C; 112 degrees F (Budavari, 1996; Snyder et al, 1990)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

418 degrees C; 785 degrees F (ITI; 1995; (Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997)

417 degrees C (ILO, 1998)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

7.3% (ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1996; Sittig, 1991)

UPPER

Unknown (Sittig, 1991)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

slightly soluble (Lewis, 1996)
Soluble (ILO, 1998; Lewis, 1997)
9.5% (at 20 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1993; Snyder et al, 1990)
11.1 mL/100 mL water (at 25 degrees C) (Snyder et al, 1990)
19.3 mL/100 mL water (at 20 degrees C) (Snyder et al, 1990)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Nitromethane is soluble in acetone, bases, carbon tetrachloride, dimethyl formamide, ethanol and ether (ACGIH, 1996; Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996; Snyder et al, 1990).

OTHER

Solubility of water in nitromethane:

2.2 cm(3)/100 cm(3) (at 20 degrees C) (Lewis, 1997)
2.09% (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

Log Kow = 0.17 (HSDB , 2000)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

2.59 x 10(-5) atm m(3)/mol (HSDB , 2000)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

25 (Sadtler Research Laboratories IR Grating Collection) (HSDB , 2000)

29 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2000)

MASS

41 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York) (HSDB , 2000)
10 (National Bureau of Standards EPA-NIH Mass Spectra Data Base, NSRDS-NBS-63) (HSDB , 2000)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

SURFACE TENSION

37.0 dynes/cm; 0.0370 N/m (at 20 degrees C) (CHRIS , 2000)

CRITICAL PRESSURE

915.8 psia; 62.3 atm; 6.311 MN/m(2) (CHRIS , 2000)

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

315 degrees C; 599 degrees F; 588 K (CHRIS , 2000)

HEAT OF COMBUSTION

-4531 Btu/lb; -2517 cal/g; -105.4 x 10(5) J/kg (CHRIS , 2000)

IONIZATION POTENTIAL

11.08 eV (NIOSH , 2000)

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

9146 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2000)

VISCOSITY

0.647 cP (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000)

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

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65 FR 14186: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 39264: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 77866: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

66 FR 21940: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2001.

67 FR 7164: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2002.

68 FR 42710: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2003.

69 FR 54144: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2004.

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