NITROGLYCERIN

Butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol Tetranitrate
Erythrol Nitrate
Erythritol tetranitrate
Erythrol Tetranitrate
Nitroerythrite
Nitroerythrol
Tetranitrin
Tetranitrol
CAS 7297-25-8
Dinitro sorbide
Sorbide nitrate
CAS 87-33-2
1,2,3-Propanetriol trinitrate
Glonoin
Glyceryl Trinitrate
Trinitrin
Trinitroglycerin
Trinitroglycerol
NITROGLYCERIN MIXTURE WITH MORE THAN 2% BUT NOT MORE THAN 10% NITROGLYCERIN, DESENSITIZED
NITROGLYCERIN, LIQUID, UNDESENSITIZED
NITROGLYCERIN, LIQUID, NOT DESENSITIZED
NITROGLYCERIN, DESENSITIZER, WITH LESS THAN 40% PHLEGMATIZER, BY WEIGHT
NITROGLYCERIN, DESENSITIZED, WITH 40% OR MORE NON-VOLITILE WATER UNSOLUBLE PHLEGMATIZER, BY WEIGHT
NITRO-SPAN
NITRIDERM
NITROGLYCERIN SOLUTION
NITROGLYCERIN, LIQUID, DESENSITIZED
SPIRIT OF NITROGLYCERIN (NOT GREATER THAN 1% NITROGLYCERIN BY WEIGHT)
GLYCEROL TRINITRATE SOLUTION
GLYCERYL TRINITRATE SOLUTION
MILLITHROL
NITOCINE
NITRIC ACID TRIESTER OF GLUCEROL
MYCOGLYCERIN
SPIRITS OF NITROGLYCERIN
NITROGLYCERIN SOLUTION IN ALCOHOL, NOT MORE THAN 1% NITROGLYCERIN
SPIRIT OF NITROGLYCERIN (1 TO 10%)
SOLUTION OF GLYCERYL TRINITRATE
NITROL (PHARMACEUTICAL)
NITROGLYCERINE (FRENCH)
NITROGLYCERIN SOLUTION IN ALCOHOL, WITH MORE THAN 1% BUT NOT MORE THAN 5% NITROGLYCERIN
NITROGLYCERIN SOLUTION IN ALCOHOL, WITH 10% OR LESS BUT MORE THAN 1% NITROGLYCERIN
TRINITROGLYCERINE
CAS 55-63-0
2,2-Bis((nitrooxy)-methyl)-1,3-propanediol dinitrate
Erynite
Niperyt
Nitropentaerythritol
Nitropenthrite
Pentaerythrityl tetranitrate
Penthrit
PETN
CAS 78-11-5

ERYTHRITYL TETRANITRATE

Butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol Tetranitrate
Erythrol Nitrate
Erythritol tetranitrate
Erythrol Tetranitrate
Nitroerythrite
Nitroerythrol
Tetranitrin
Tetranitrol
CAS 7297-25-8

Dinitro sorbide
Sorbide nitrate
CAS 87-33-2

1,2,3-Propanetriol trinitrate
Glonoin
Glyceryl Trinitrate
Trinitrin
Trinitroglycerin
Trinitroglycerol
NITROGLYCERIN MIXTURE WITH MORE THAN 2% BUT NOT MORE THAN 10% NITROGLYCERIN, DESENSITIZED
NITROGLYCERIN, LIQUID, UNDESENSITIZED
NITROGLYCERIN, LIQUID, NOT DESENSITIZED
NITROGLYCERIN, DESENSITIZER, WITH LESS THAN 40% PHLEGMATIZER, BY WEIGHT
NITROGLYCERIN, DESENSITIZED, WITH 40% OR MORE NON-VOLITILE WATER UNSOLUBLE PHLEGMATIZER, BY WEIGHT
NITRO-SPAN
NITRIDERM
NITROGLYCERIN SOLUTION
NITROGLYCERIN, LIQUID, DESENSITIZED
SPIRIT OF NITROGLYCERIN (NOT GREATER THAN 1% NITROGLYCERIN BY WEIGHT)
GLYCEROL TRINITRATE SOLUTION
GLYCERYL TRINITRATE SOLUTION
MILLITHROL
NITOCINE
NITRIC ACID TRIESTER OF GLUCEROL
MYCOGLYCERIN
SPIRITS OF NITROGLYCERIN
NITROGLYCERIN SOLUTION IN ALCOHOL, NOT MORE THAN 1% NITROGLYCERIN
SPIRIT OF NITROGLYCERIN (1 TO 10%)
SOLUTION OF GLYCERYL TRINITRATE
NITROL (PHARMACEUTICAL)
NITROGLYCERINE (FRENCH)
NITROGLYCERIN SOLUTION IN ALCOHOL, WITH MORE THAN 1% BUT NOT MORE THAN 5% NITROGLYCERIN
NITROGLYCERIN SOLUTION IN ALCOHOL, WITH 10% OR LESS BUT MORE THAN 1% NITROGLYCERIN
TRINITROGLYCERINE
CAS 55-63-0

2,2-Bis((nitrooxy)-methyl)-1,3-propanediol dinitrate
Erynite
Niperyt
Nitropentaerythritol
Nitropenthrite
Pentaerythrityl tetranitrate
Penthrit
PETN
CAS 78-11-5

IDENTIFIERS

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER

55-63-0(Nitroglycerin)
87-33-2(Isosorbide dinitrate)
78-11-5(Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate)
7297-25-8(Erythrityl Tetranitrate)

NIOSH/RTECS NUMBER

QX2100000

UN/NA NUMBER

1204-Nitroglycerin, solution in alcohol, with not more than 1% Nitroglycerin
3064-Nitroglycerin, solution in alcohol, with more than 1% but not more than 5% Nitroglycerin
3319-Nitroglycerin mixture, desensitized, solid, n.o.s., with more than 2% but not more than 10% Nitroglycerin
3319-Nitroglycerin mixture with more than 2% but not more than 10% Nitroglycerin, desensitized
3343-Nitroglycerin mixture, desensitized, liquid, flammable, n.o.s., with not more than 30% Nitroglycerin
3357-Nitroglycerin mixture, desensitized, liquid, n.o.s., with not more than 30% Nitroglycerin

STCC NUMBER

4901516 - Nitroglycerin, liquid, desensitized
4901503 - Blasting gelatin (high explosive)

MOLECULAR FORMULA

ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE: C6H8N2O8
ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE: C6H9NO6
NITROGLYCERIN: C3H5N3O9

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

127-FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR / WATER-MISCIBLE)(for UN/NA Numbers1204and3064)
113-FLAMMABLE SOLIDS - TOXIC (WET/DESENSITIZED EXPLOSIVE)(for UN/NA Numbers3319,3343and3357)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(Budavari, 1996; HSDB , 2000; ITI, 1995; Kohler & Meyer, 1993; Lewis, 1998; RTECS , 2000)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

MEDICINAL

Nitroglycerin is a smooth muscle relaxant. It is used in medicine as a tocolytic agent and a vasodilator for treatment of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease (Prod Info nitroglycerin extended-release oral capsules, 2005).

INDUSTRIAL

Nitroglycerin is a high explosive. It is used by itself for this purpose in certain applications such as in oil well drilling (ACGIH, 2001; Lewis, 1997).
Since the 1920s, nitroglycerin has been commercially mixed with ethylene glycol dinitrate (also known as nitroglycol) at a 40:60 or 20:80 ratio to make dynamite (ACGIH, 2001; Baselt, 1997). It has gradually been replaced by ammonium nitrate in the production of dynamite and other explosives (ILO, 1998), such that the modern dynamite consists of 60% ammonium and sodium nitrate, 20% to 25% ethylene glycol dinitrate, 0 to 5% nitroglycerin, 10% dinitrotoluene and 3% nitrocellulose, together with some sawdust, chalk, and rhodamin (Zenz, 1994).
It is used with guncotton to make cordite and other smokeless powders (ACGIH, 2001).
A mixture with soluble guncotton at a ratio of 92 to 94:6 to 8 is used as a comparative explosive in determinations of relative weight strength. Such a mixture is one of the strongest commercial explosives and scarcely ever used as an explosive in practice due to the hazards (Kohler & Meyer, 1993).
Nitroglycerin is used in rocket propellants (ACGIH, 2001; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 1997).
Nitroglycerin is used in combating oil-well fires (ILO, 1998; Lewis, 1997).

FORMS

DRUG FORMULATIONS AND PRODUCTS

SUMMARY

Nitroglycerin products (eg, nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate) are organic nitrates that are available in a wide-array of formulations including: sublingual tablets, extended-release formulations, lingual aerosol, topical ointment, paste and transdermal patches, and intravenously.

NITROGLYCERIN

Generic Intravenous Solution: 5 mg/mL
Generic Extended-Release oral capsule: 2.5 mg, 6.5 mg, 9 mg
Sublingual tablet: 0.3 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.6 mg
Transdermal patch (Extended-Release): 0.1 mg/hr, 0.2 mg/hr, 0.4 mg/hr, and 0.6 mg/hr
Minitran: Transdermal Patch (Extended-Release): 0.1 mg/hr, 0.2 mg/hr, 0.4 mg/hr and 0.6 mg/hr
Nitro-bid: Topical ointment 2%
Nitro-bid: Transdermal patch 2%
Nitro-Dur: Transdermal Patch (Extended-Release): 0.1 mg/hr, 0.2 mg/hr, 0.3 mg/hr, 0.4 mg/hr, 0.6 mg/hr, and 0.8 mg/hr
Nitrolingual: Sublingual spray: 0.4 mg/actuation
NitroMist: Sublingual Spray: 0.4 mg/actuation
NitroQuick: Sublingual Tablet: 0.3 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.6 mg
NitroStat: Sublingual Tablet: 0.3 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.6 mg
Nitro-Time: Oral Capsule (Extended-Release): 2.5 mg, 6.5 mg, 9 mg

ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE

Generic Oral Tablets: 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg
Generic Extended-Release formulation: 40 mg
Generic Sublingual tablet: 2.5 mg, 5 mg
Dilatrate-SR (Extended-Release) oral capsule: 40 mg
IsoDitrate (Extended-Release) oral tablet: 40 mg
Isordil Titradose oral tablet: 5 mg, 10 mg, 40 mg

ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE

Generic Oral Tablets: 10 mg, 20 mg
Generic Extended-Release formulation: 30 mg, 60 mg, 120 mg
Imdur ER (Extended-Release) oral tablet: 30 mg
Imdur (Extended-Release) oral tablet: 30 mg, 60 mg, 120 mg
Ismo oral tablet: 20 mg
Monoket oral tablet: 10 mg, 20 mg

TABLE OF TRADE NAMES

Trade Names for Nitroglycerin:

Ang-O-Span
Glyceryl trinitrate
Minitran
N-G-C
Niong
Nitro-Bid
Nitrobon
Nitrocap
Nitrocap T.D.
Nitrodisc
Nitro-Dur
Nitroglyn
Nitrek
Nitrol
Nitrolin
Nitrolingual
Nitro-Long
NitroMist
Nitronet
Nitrong
Nitrospan
Nitrostat
Nitrostat SR
Nitro-Time
Nitrotab
Sustachron
Transderm-Nitro
Trates
Tridil

Trade Names for Erythrityl Tetranitrate:

Cardilate
Erthyritol tetranitrate

Trade Names for Isosorbide Dinitrate:

Coronex
Dilatrate SR
Iso-Bid
Isochron
Isonate
Isonate TR
Isordil
Isotrate
Onset
Sorate
Sorbide T.D.
Sorbitrate
Sorbitrate SA

Trade Names for Isosorbide Mononitrate

Imdur
Imdur ER
Ismo
Monoket

INDUSTRIAL

Nitroglycerin is a viscous and oily liquid at room temperature (ACGIH, 2001; Baselt, 1997; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Hathaway et al, 1996a; HSDB , 2000).
Nitroglycerin becomes a solid at temperatures below 56 degrees F (NIOSH , 2000). If forms triclinic or rhombic crystals (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; HSDB , 2000; ILO, 1998).
Nitroglycerin decomposes between 50 to 60 degrees C (ACGIH, 2001; Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996) or between 122 to 140 degrees F (NIOSH , 2000). It decomposes energetically above 145 degrees C (Urben, 1995).
No signs of decomposition were reported when trinitroglycerin was heated to 180 degrees C at 50 mmHg pressure. The autoignition temperature approximately coincides with the boiling point at 760 mmHg, which is 245 degrees C (Belyaev AF and Yuzefovich NA, 1940).
It is appreciably volatile at 100 degrees C (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996).
Nitroglycerin has a pale yellow or brown color in commercial form (ACGIH, 2001; NIOSH , 2000; Hathaway et al, 1996a).
Nitroglycerin can be part of a mixture (with more than 2%, but not more than 10% nitroglycerin) in the form of a desensitized white solid (AAR, 1998).
Nitroglycerin can be in the form of a liquid solution - with less than 5 percent nitroglycerin in alcohol (AAR, 1998; ERG, 2000).

SOURCES

Nitroglycerin is prepared by the nitration of anhydrous glycerol with a cooled mixture of nitric and sulfuric (catalyst) acids while stirring, followed by separation of nitroglycerin by gravity, and subsequent passage of water and an alkaline soda solution (Ashford, 1994; Kohler & Meyer, 1993; Lewis, 1997).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

USES: Nitroglycerin is an organic nitrate that is used as a vasodilator to treat coronary artery disease and heart failure. It is used therapeutically in forms of tablets (sublingual and extended-release), lingual aerosol, transdermal and intravenously. It is also a high explosive and is used occasionally in the production of explosives, smokeless powders, rocket propellants and in combating oil well fires.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Nitroglycerin is a commonly prescribed drug and poisoning is relatively uncommon. Occupational exposure mainly occurs via dermal or inhalational exposure.

PHARMACOLOGY: Its mechanism of action is stimulation of cGMP production, resulting in vascular smooth muscle relaxation. It relaxes veins at low doses and arteries at high doses.

TOXICOLOGY: Toxicology is an extension of pharmacologic effects. Nitroglycerin is a nitrate, which can be converted to nitrites in the GI tract leading to oxidation of hemoglobin, methemoglobinemia, which may be more common in infants.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY: Headache, flushing and orthostatic hypotension with reflex tachycardia can occur.
SEVERE TOXICITY: Severe effects may include profound hypotension with tachycardia. Profound and prolonged hypotension can cause end-organ damage including cardiac ischemia, ischemic stroke, liver injury and renal failure. Fatalities are rare, but may occur after circulatory collapse and respiratory failure.

WITH THERAPEUTIC USE

ADVERSE EFFECTS: Headache, dizziness, and mild orthostatic hypotension are common adverse effects associated with nitroglycerin. WITHDRAWAL: Abrupt cessation of medical or occupational exposure may cause angina.
INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURE (dermal and inhalation): nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, headache, confusion, delirium, bradypnea, bradycardia, paralysis, seizures, cyanosis, methemoglobinemia, circulatory collapse and death.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 113 (ERG, 2004)

Some are toxic and may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

SUMMARY

Administer activated charcoal if recent, substantial ingestion of a sustained-release formulation, and the patient is able to protect their airway. GI decontamination is not effective after sublingual exposure and is unlikely to be useful for regular release formulations, because of rapid absorption and a short half-life.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

CHARCOAL DOSE

Use a minimum of 240 milliliters of water per 30 grams charcoal (FDA, 1985). Optimum dose not established; usual dose is 25 to 100 grams in adults and adolescents; 25 to 50 grams in children aged 1 to 12 years (or 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram body weight) ; and 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram in infants up to 1 year old (Chyka et al, 2005).

Routine use of a cathartic with activated charcoal is NOT recommended as there is no evidence that cathartics reduce drug absorption and cathartics are known to cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances and occasionally hypotension (None Listed, 2004).

ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS

Complications: emesis, aspiration (Chyka et al, 2005). Aspiration may be complicated by acute respiratory failure, ARDS, bronchiolitis obliterans or chronic lung disease (Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002; Pollack et al, 1981; Harris & Filandrinos, 1993; Elliot et al, 1989; Rau et al, 1988; Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002). Refer to the ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/TREATMENT management for further information.
Contraindications: unprotected airway (increases risk/severity of aspiration) , nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tract, uncontrolled vomiting, and ingestion of most hydrocarbons (Chyka et al, 2005).

DERMAL EXPOSURE

If dermal exposure, remove nitroglycerin ointment/paste or patch and wash the exposed area thoroughly with soap and water.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 113 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

The following first aid measures are suggested (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

EYE EXPOSURE: Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
DERMAL EXPOSURE: Immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.
INHALATION EXPOSURE: Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS: Cardiovascular system, blood, skin, and central nervous system.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

Nitroglycerin is well absorbed through the skin. If dermal exposure, remove nitroglycerin ointment/paste or patch and wash the exposed area thoroughly with soap and water.
DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Administer activated charcoal if recent, substantial ingestion of a sustained-release formulation, and the patient is able to protect their airway. GI decontamination is not effective after sublingual exposure and is unlikely to be useful for regular release formulations, because of rapid absorption and a short half-life.
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
HYPOTENSION: Administer IV fluids and place in Trendelenburg position. If unresponsive to these measures, administer dopamine (2 to 5 mcg/kg/min) (first choice) or norepinephrine (0.1 to 0.2 mcg/kg/min) and titrate as needed to desired response.
SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue).

Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years).
Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia.

METHEMOGLOBINEMIA: Determine the methemoglobin concentration and evaluate the patient for clinical effects of methemoglobinemia (ie, dyspnea, headache, fatigue, CNS depression, tachycardia, metabolic acidosis). Treat patients with symptomatic methemoglobinemia with methylene blue (this usually occurs at methemoglobin concentrations above 20% to 30%, but may occur at lower methemoglobin concentrations in patients with anemia, or underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disorders). Administer oxygen while preparing for methylene blue therapy.
METHYLENE BLUE: INITIAL DOSE/ADULT OR CHILD: 1 mg/kg IV over 5 to 30 minutes; a repeat dose of up to 1 mg/kg may be given 1 hour after the first dose if methemoglobin levels remain greater than 30% or if signs and symptoms persist. NOTE: Methylene blue is available as follows: 50 mg/10 mL (5 mg/mL or 0.5% solution) single-dose ampules and 10 mg/1 mL (1% solution) vials. Additional doses may sometimes be required. Improvement is usually noted shortly after administration if diagnosis is correct. Consider other diagnoses or treatment options if no improvement has been observed after several doses. If intravenous access cannot be established, methylene blue may also be given by intraosseous infusion. Methylene blue should not be given by subcutaneous or intrathecal injection. NEONATES: DOSE: 0.3 to 1 mg/kg.
Concomitant use of methylene blue with serotonergic drugs, including serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), triptans, and ergot alkaloids may increase the risk of potentially fatal serotonin syndrome.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

SUMMARY

Toxicity is usually mild. The estimated adult oral lethal dose of nitroglycerin is 200 mg to 1200 mg (Prod Info nitroglycerin transdermal system, 2005).
The minimum lethal dose is not known. Doses of 1200 mg have been documented as survivable with no apparent ill effects (ACGIH, 2001). Certain individuals with hypertension are intolerant to nitroglycerin at concentration as low as 0.24 mg.
Methemoglobinemia may occur in severe poisonings with nitroglycerin (Schlafer & Stork, 2000). It is a rare event with organic nitrates. Methemoglobinemia should be suspected, if the patient develops impaired oxygen delivery despite adequate arterial PO2 (Prod Info NITROMIST(TM) lingual aerosol, 2006).
Insufficient data in the literature to accurately assess the minimal toxic/lethal dose of orally administered nitroglycerin. The severity of poisoning should be based on clinical findings.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated dose is unknown for these various organic nitrates (Prod Info Isosorbide Mononitrate extended-release oral tablets, 2008; Prod Info ISORDIL(R) TITRADOSE(R) oral tablets, 2007; Prod Info NITROMIST(TM) lingual aerosol, 2006; Prod Info ISMO(R) oral tablets, 2006; Prod Info nitroglycerin extended-release oral capsules, 2005; Prod Info ISORDIL(R) TITRADOSE(R) oral tablets, 2001; Prod Info NITROSTAT(R) oral tablets, 2000)
Doses of 1200 mg have been reported as survivable with no apparent ill effects (ACGIH, 2001). It has been reported that over 75 ppm nitroglycerin can be immediately dangerous to life or health (HSDB , 2000). Certain individuals with hypertension are intolerant to nitroglycerin at concentration as low as 0.24 mg (Baselt, 1997).

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE

A SUBLINGUAL dose of 4.8 mg resulted in hypotension and bradycardia in 1 of 12 healthy adult volunteers (Paris et al, 1986).
ORAL: Poisoning following oral ingestion is uncommon unless large doses have been ingested. There are insufficient data in the literature to assess the minimal toxic oral dose of nitroglycerin.
Acute oral ingestion of less than 25 of the 0.6 mg sublingual nitroglycerin tablets probably will not result in toxicity based on bioavailability of oral nitroglycerin. Assuming 1% bioavailability following an oral ingestion and an apparent volume of distribution of 3.3 L/kg, the estimated plasma concentration would be 4.5 ng/mL in a 10-kg child and 0.649 ng/mL in a 70-kg adult following an oral ingestion of 25 tablets containing 0.6 mg nitroglycerin/tablet. Toxicity may occur if significant absorption occurs in the oral cavity. Severity of intoxication following oral ingestion should be based on clinical findings.

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS55-63-0 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Nitroglycerin (NG)
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Nitroglycerine
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS87-33-2 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS78-11-5 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7297-25-8 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS55-63-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS87-33-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS78-11-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS7297-25-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: ITI, 1995 Lewis, 1996 RTECS, 2000
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)DOG:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:
- LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)CAT:
- LDLo- (INTRAVENOUS)RABBIT:
- LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RABBIT:
- LDLo- (ORAL)RAT:
- TDLo- (INTRAVENOUS)DOG:
- TDLo- (INTRAVENOUS)HUMAN:
- TDLo- (ORAL)HUMAN:
- TDLo- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- TDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RAT:
- TDLo- (SKIN)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS

1 ppm = 9.29 mg/m(3) (at 68 degrees F and 760 mmHg) (NIOSH , 2000)

1 mg/L = 108 ppm (at 25 degrees C and 760 mmHg) (HSDB , 2000)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS55-63-0 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Nitroglycerin (NG)

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 0.05 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Skin
Definitions:

Skin: This refers to the potential significant contribution to the overall exposure by the cutaneous route, including mucous membranes and the eyes, either by contact with vapors or, of likely greater significance, by direct skin contact with the substance. It should be noted that although some materials are capable of causing irritation, dermatitis, and sensitization in workers, these properties are not considered relevant when assigning a skin notation. Rather, data from acute dermal studies and repeated dose dermal studies in animals or humans, along with the ability of the chemical to be absorbed, are integrated in the decision-making toward assignment of the skin designation. Use of the skin designation provides an alert that air sampling would not be sufficient by itself in quantifying exposure from the substance and that measures to prevent significant cutaneous absorption may be warranted. Please see "Definitions and Notations" (in TLV booklet) for full definition.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Vasodilation
Molecular Weight: 227.09

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS87-33-2 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS78-11-5 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS7297-25-8 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS55-63-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS87-33-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS78-11-5 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS7297-25-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS55-63-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Nitroglycerine
REL:

TWA:
STEL: 0.1 mg/m(3)
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: [skin]

Indicates the potential for dermal absorption; skin exposure should be prevented as necessary through the use of good work practices and gloves, coveralls, goggles, and other appropriate equipment.

Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 75 mg/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS87-33-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS78-11-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS7297-25-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS55-63-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Nitroglycerin
Table Z-1 for Nitroglycerin:

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 0.2

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 2

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value: (C) - An employee's exposure to this substance shall at no time exceed the exposure limit given.
Skin Designation: Yes
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS87-33-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS78-11-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS7297-25-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS55-63-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS87-33-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS78-11-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS7297-25-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS55-63-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Nitroglycerine
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

10 (4.54)

Additional Information:
Listed as: 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

10 (4.54)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS87-33-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS78-11-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS7297-25-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS55-63-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS87-33-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS78-11-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS7297-25-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS55-63-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: Nitroglycerine
P or U series number: P081
Footnote:
Listed as: 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate
P or U series number: P081
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS87-33-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS78-11-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS7297-25-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS55-63-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS87-33-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS78-11-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS7297-25-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS55-63-0 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Nitroglycerin
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS87-33-2 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS78-11-5 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS7297-25-8 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS55-63-0 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS87-33-2 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS78-11-5 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS7297-25-8 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS55-63-0 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS87-33-2 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS78-11-5 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS7297-25-8 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1204 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Nitroglycerin solution in alcohol with not more than 1 percent nitroglycerin

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1204
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3

3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions: IB2, N34

IB2: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized.
N34: Aluminum construction materials are not authorized for any part of a packaging which is normally in contact with the hazardous material.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 150
Non-bulk packaging: 202
Bulk packaging: None

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 5 L
Cargo aircraft only: 60 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: B

B: (i) The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length; and (ii) "On deck only" on passenger vessels in which the number of passengers specified in paragraph (k)(2)(i) of this section is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 3064 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Nitroglycerin, solution in alcohol, with more than 1 percent but not more than 5 percent nitroglycerin

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN3064
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3

3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions: N8

N8: Nitroglycerin solution in alcohol may be transported under this entry only when the solution is packed in metal cans of not more than 1 L capacity each, overpacked in a wooden box containing not more than 5 L. Metal cans must be completely surrounded with absorbent cushioning material. Wooden boxes must be completely lined with a suitable material impervious to water and nitroglycerin.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 202
Bulk packaging: None

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: 5 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: E

E: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but is prohibited from carriage on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 3319 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Nitroglycerin mixture, desensitized, solid, n.o.s. with more than 2 percent but not more than 10 percent nitroglycerin, by mass

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 4.1

4.1: Flammable solid. See 49 CFR section 173.124 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN3319
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 4.1

4.1: Flammable Solid.

Special Provisions: 118

118: This substance may not be transported under the provisions of Division 4.1 unless specifically authorized by the Associate Administrator.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: None
Bulk packaging: None

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: 0.5 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: E

E: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but is prohibited from carriage on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 3343 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Nitroglycerin mixture, desensitized, liquid, flammable, n.o.s. with not more than 30 percent nitroglycerin, by mass

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN3343
Packing Group: Not Listed
Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3

3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions: 129

129: These materials may not be classified and transported unless authorized by the Associate Administrator on the basis of results from Series 2 Test and a Series 6(c) Test from the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (IBR, see sxn. 171.7 of this subchapter) on packages as prepared for transport. The packing group assignment and packaging must be approved by the Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials Safety on the basis of the criteria in sxn. 173.21 of this subchapter and the package type used for the Series 6(c) test.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 214
Bulk packaging: None

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: Forbidden

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: D

D: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but the material is prohibited on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 3357 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Nitroglycerin mixture, desensitized, liquid, n.o.s. with not more than 30% nitroglycerin, by mass

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN3357
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3

3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions: 142

142: These hazardous materials may not be classified and transported unless authorized by the Associate Administrator. The Associate Administrator will base the authorization on results from Series 2 tests and a Series 6(c) test from the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (IBR, see sxn. 171.7 of this subchapter) on packages as prepared for transport in accordance with the requirements of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 202
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 5 L
Cargo aircraft only: 60 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: E

E: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but is prohibited from carriage on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1204 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Nitroglycerin solution in alcohol with not more than 1% nitroglycerin
UN Number: 1204

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN3064 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Nitroglycerin solution in alcohol with more than 1% but not more than 5% nitroglycerin
UN Number: 3064

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN3319 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Nitroglycerin mixture, desensitized, solid, n.o.s. with more than 2% but not more than 10% nitroglycerin, by mass
UN Number: 3319

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN3343 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Nitroglycerin mixture, desensitized, liquid flammable, n.o.s. with not more than 30% nitroglycerin, by mass
UN Number: 3343

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN3357 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Nitroglycerin mixture, desensitized, liquid, n.o.s. with not more than 30% nitroglycerin, by mass
UN Number: 3357

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS55-63-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Nitroglycerine
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 2

(2) Moderately toxic material. Intense or continued exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury unless prompt medical treatment is given.

Flammability Rating (Red): 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 4

(4) Materials which in themselves are readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal temperatures and pressures. Includes materials which are shock sensitive at normal temperatures and pressures.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS87-33-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS78-11-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS7297-25-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

HANDLING

Nitroglycerin is extremely sensitive to shock, and it should be handled with care (ITI, 1995; NIOSH , 2000). It can penetrate thin rubber, thus it should not be handled unless gloves made from nylon, neoprene, or polyethylene with a sweat-absorbent cotton liner are worn (ILO, 1998; ITI, 1995). Only explosion-proof and non-sparking equipment and tools should be used in handling nitroglycerin (Sittig, 1991).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

MEDICINAL
- Nitroglycerin Tablets: Tablets rapidly lose activity unless they are kept in a tightly-sealed, dark-tinted glass container (without a cotton plug); plastic is unsatisfactory (HSDB , 2000).
INDUSTRIAL
- Thin rubber containers should not be used for storage due to penetration; in general, plastic material is unsatisfactory for use as containers (HSDB , 2000). Nitroglycerin is sufficiently volatile and tends to lose activity rapidly unless it is kept in a tightly sealed, dark-tinted glass container (without a cotton plug) (HSDB , 2000). All containers should be tightly closed and equipped with explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings. Any metal container used for transferring 5 gallons or more of nitroglycerin should be bonded and grounded. Drums should be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Only non-sparking tools and equipment should be used to open and close containers (Sittig, 1991).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Rooms used for the storage of nitroglycerin should be kept dark (HSDB , 2000). Room temperature should be kept at below 25 degrees C (77 degrees F), but do NOT refrigerate nitroglycerin (HSDB , 2000; ITI, 1995).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Nitroglycerin should be stored away from heat (volatile at 100 degrees C) and ozone exposure. Care should be taken to avoid shock (ITI, 1995; Kohler & Meyer, 1993; NFPA, 1997; NIOSH , 2000). Nitroglycerin can penetrate thin rubber and plastic material (HSDB , 2000). Pure alkyl nitrates (acid free products) are stable. However, any traces of nitrogen oxides can sensitize the compounds to decomposition and lead to explosion during storage at ambient temperature, thus it is important to keep away from oxidizing materials (ITI, 1995; Kohler & Meyer, 1993; Urben, 1995). It should also be stored away from combustibles and initiators of explosives (ITI, 1995).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 113 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

Nitroglycerin is toxic by ingestion and absorption through inhalation and skin exposure (Lewis, 1997). Protective clothing should be worn. Gloves made from nylon, neoprene, or polyethylene with a sweat-absorbent cotton liner should be used (ILO, 1998; ITI, 1995). Self-contained breathing apparatus should be worn, and adequate ventilation should be provided in the facility. Individuals with hypotension, anemia, hyperthyroidism, and cardiac diseases should be precluded from the area (ITI, 1995). In case of contact with the body, copious amounts of running water (or soap and water) should be used to immediately wash away any material. Any contaminated clothing and shoes should be removed and isolated at the site (AAR, 1998).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Contact lenses should not be worn when working with nitroglycerin (HSDB , 2000). In case of contact with the eyes, running water should be used (for at least 15 minutes) to immediately wash away any remaining material. In case of contact with the face, copious amounts of running water (or soap and water) should be used to immediately wash away any material (AAR, 1998).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Avoid breathing dusts or vapors (HSDB , 2000). Avoid breathing fumes from burning material (AAR, 1998).

The estimated minimum service life for respirator cartridges against nitroglycerin was 7 to 81 hours at a concentration of 1.0 mg/m(3), 10 times the current OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (Cohen, 1993).

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 55-63-0.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Plastic Laminate

North -- Safety 4H

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 35 degrees C; 95 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 21 degrees C; 70 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

North -- Safety 4H 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.safety4.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 87-33-2.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 78-11-5.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 7297-25-8.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

Local exhaust ventilation backed up by good general ventilation should be installed at work areas (HSDB , 2000). Buildings should be detached from each other and should have subdividing fire- and pressure-resistant walls. Electric fixtures and wiring should be explosion-roof, nonsparking, and dust-tight (Zenz, 1994). Nitration vessels used in the production of nitroglycerin should have devices to cool and to drown the charge completely in the event of a dangerous situation. No exposed glass or metal should be used in the production plant (ILO, 1998). Only antifriction motor bearings should be used in the area where nitroglycerin is present (Zenz, 1994).

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: Information from more than one emergency response guide is associated with this material.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 113 (ERG, 2004)
- Flammable/combustible material.
- May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- DRIED OUT material may explode if exposed to heat, flame, friction or shock; Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).
- Keep material wet with water or treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
Nitroglycerin can explode upon rapid heating and upon concussion. At 100 degrees C, nitroglycerin can explode when exposed to intense ultraviolet radiation (HSDB , 2000; Urben, 1995). It poses an extremely dangerous fire and explosion risk (ITI, 1995). In case of fire in areas where nitroglycerin is present, evacuation of the surroundings should be done immediately (Sittig, 1991).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS55-63-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Nitroglycerine
Flammability Rating: 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS87-33-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS78-11-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS7297-25-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

CARGO FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 113 (ERG, 2004)

DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches cargo! Cargo may EXPLODE!
Stop all traffic and clear the area for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions and let burn.
Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.

TIRE OR VEHICLE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 113 (ERG, 2004)

Use plenty of water - FLOOD it! If water is not available, use CO2, dry chemical or dirt.
If possible, and WITHOUT RISK, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles from maximum distance to prevent fire from spreading to cargo area.
Pay special attention to tire fires as re-ignition may occur. Stand by with extinguisher ready.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS55-63-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Nitroglycerine
Extinguishing Method(s): Not Listed

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS87-33-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS78-11-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS7297-25-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NITROGLYCERIN MIXTURE (FLAMMABLE SOLID): This material a desentized explosive. It is easily ignited (and burns readily once ignited). Under prolonged exposure to heat, it can explode. The nitroglycerin portion of the mixture can accumulate in a fire and explode. Use agents suitable for type of fire to extinguish the fire. Keep upwind and avoid breathing fumes from burning material. If not yet involved in the fire, keep sources of ignition away (AAR, 1998).

NITROGLYCERIN SOLUTION(S) IN ALCOHOL (FLAMMABLE LIQUID): This material is dangerously explosive if alcohol is allowed to evaporate (see next section). Evacuate the area (one mile radius). Do not attempt to extinguish fire unless the source of the leak can be stopped. Use soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete to dike surface flow. Fight fire with "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Cool all affected containers with the material using flooding quantities of water. Apply water from a maximal distance. Use flooding quantities of water as a fog. Keep upwind and avoid breathing fumes from burning material. If not yet involved in the fire, keep sources of ignition away, keep out of water sources and sewers, build dikes to contain flow, and use water spray to knock-down vapors (AAR, 1998).

NITROGLYCERIN (MASS EXPLOSION HAZARD): This material is dangerously explosive (the primary hazard is a blast where the entire load can explode instantaneously). Do not fight fires in a cargo of nitroglycerin. Let burn. Evacuate the area (one mile radius). Keep upwind and avoid breathing fumes from burning material. If not yet involved in the fire, keep sources of ignition away (AAR, 1998).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Nitroglycerin is an OSHA Class A explosive (NIOSH , 2000). It poses an extremely dangerous fire and explosion risk (ITI, 1995). When heated rapidly, nitroglycerin decomposes explosively (Ashford, 1994; ITI, 1995). Intense UV radiation can also cause explosion if nitroglycerin is at 100 degrees C (Urben, 1995). If heated to 215 degrees C, nitroglycerin can explode. Small quantities of nitroglycerin can be detonated by a hammer blow on a hard surface, especially if pre-absorbed in filter paper (Lewis, 1996). Safety measures aiming at explosion containment should be employed at work site (Zenz, 1994).

Frozen nitroglycerin is slightly less sensitive than the liquid. However, a partially-thawed or half-thawed mixture is more sensitive than either one (Lewis, 1996).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Breathing of vapors or dusts from nitroglycerin should be avoided (HSDB , 2000).

Severe acute poisoning may result from inhalation of nitroglycerin vapors or dust containing nitroglycerin (Patnaik, 1992).

Inhalation of nitroglycerin vapors at concentrations in excess of 0.1 mg/m(3) may cause headaches, dizziness, nausea, palpitations, and decrease in systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure (Hathaway et al, 1996).

Breathing of vapors or dusts from any burning materials containing nitroglycerin should also be avoided (AAR, 1998).

Nitroglycerin evolves nitric oxide yellow vapor when heated to 135 degrees C (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996).

Harmless gases are produced upon explosion (HSDB , 2000).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Acids can react with nitroglycerin and result in an explosion (NIOSH , 2000; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

It is volatile at 100 degrees C (HSDB , 2000).

Its decomposition rate can be enhanced by transition metal oxides or chelates (Urben, 1995).

Sparks and other possible source of ignition may cause explosion (AAR, 1998).

Heat can also cause an explosion (Pohanish & Greene, 1997). Frozen nitroglycerin is less sensitive to heat than the liquid form, but a half-thawed or partially- thawed mixture is more sensitive than either one (Lewis, 1996).

It is shock- and friction-sensitive (Pohanish & Greene, 1997). Only antifriction motor bearings should be used in the area where nitroglycerin is present (Zenz, 1994).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 113 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial evacuation for 500 meters (1/3 mile) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 113 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 113 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

If material is involved in a fire, evacuate one mile radius (AAR, 1998). If material is involved in a spill, evacuate the surrounding area (Sittig, 1991).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS55-63-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS87-33-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS78-11-5 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS7297-25-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS55-63-0 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Nitroglycerin
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.1
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 0.1
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 2
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 75
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS87-33-2 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS78-11-5 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.015
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 0.05
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 0.35
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 500
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS7297-25-8 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS55-63-0 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS87-33-2 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS78-11-5 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS7297-25-8 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS55-63-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 75 mg/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS87-33-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS78-11-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS7297-25-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 113 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 113 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
Do not touch or otherwise disturb spilled nitroglycerin in any way. Evacuate the area (Sittig, 1991).
Generators of waste equal to or greater than 100 kg/month containing nitroglycerin, US Environmental Protection Agency hazardous waste number P081, must conform with EPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of such wastes (40 CFR 260-270) (HSDB , 2000).
Nitroglycerin is a good candidate for liquid injection incineration, rotary kiln incineration, and fluidized bed incineration (HSDB , 2000).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 113 (ERG, 2004)
- Flush area with flooding quantities of water.
Land: Absorb with fly ash, cement powder, or other commercial sorbents (AAR, 1998).
Water: "Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses" (AAR, 1998).
Air: "Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors" (AAR, 1998).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.
LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 113 (ERG, 2004)
- Wet down with water and dike for later disposal.
- KEEP "WETTED" PRODUCT WET BY SLOWLY ADDING FLOODING QUANTITIES OF WATER.
Land: Dig a holding area or dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete to contain the material (AAR, 1998).
Water: "Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses" (AAR, 1998).
Air: "Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors" (AAR, 1998).

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Nitroglycerin is an acute hazardous waste when it is discarded as a commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate (HSDB , 2000).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

BIOREMEDIATION

Biodegradation of nitroglyercin has been demonstrated in batch and continuous tests (HSDB, 2005).

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

Liquid injection incineration: at a temperature range of 650 to 1600 degrees C (with a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds) (HSDB , 2000).
Rotary kiln incineration: at a temperature range of 820 to 1600 degrees C (with residence times of seconds for liquids and gases and hours for solids) (HSDB , 2000).
Fluidized bed incineration: at a temperature range of 450 to 980 degrees C (with residence times of seconds for liquids and gases and longer for solids) (HSDB , 2000).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE

Nitroglycerin may be released into environmental waste streams from facilities where it is produced, stored, or used as a component of munitions (explosives and propellants) or as a pharmaceutical compound (HSDB, 2005).

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE

Dermal contact is the primary exposure route for workers at munitions facilities, pharmaceutical industries, or industrial sites where nitroglycerin is produced, stored, or used (HSDB, 2005).

GENERAL POPULATION EXPOSURE

The general population is almost exclusively exposed to nitroglycerin as a pharmaceutical compound for treating chest pain and other heart conditions (HSDB, 2005). Exposure may also occur from nitroglycerin's use as an antiasthmatic in veterinary medicine (Verschueren, 2001).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

In the ambient atmosphere, nitroglycerin can exist in both vapor and particulate phases, given a vapor pressure of 2 x 10(-4) mm Hg at 20 degrees C. Rain wash-out along with wet and dry deposition can remove nitroglycerin particulate from the atmosphere (HSDB, 2005).
Photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals can degrade nitroglycerin. The estimated half-life for this reaction is 15 days, based on a rate constant of 1 x 10(-12) cm(3)/molecule-sec at 25 degrees C and an average atmospheric hydroxyl radical concentration of 5 x 10(5) radicals/cm(3) (HSDB, 2005).
- Nitroglycerin's photooxidation half-life in air ranges from 1.76 to 17.6 hours (based on estimated hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant) (Howard et al, 1991).
Nitroglycerin's estimated photolytic half-life in air ranges from 38.7 to 116 days (based on an experimental photolysis rate in distilled water under winter sunlight and adjusted for summer sunlight intensity) (Howard et al, 1991).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Hydrolysis is an important environmental fate process for nitroglycerin in alkaline environments. At a pH of 9, estimated hydrolytic half-lives for nitroglycerin are 37 and 96 days, at 25 and 18 degrees C, respectively (HSDB, 2005).
- Nitroglycerin's estimated surface water half-life ranges from 48 to 168 hours under unacclimated aerobic conditions (based on aqueous biodegradation half-life) (Howard et al, 1991).
- Estimated surface water photoxidization half-lives for nitroglycerin range from 113 to 196 days (based on experiments using uncontaminated eutrophic pond water and munitions-contaminated river water) (Howard et al, 1991).
- Reported photolytic half-lives are 57, 73, and 116 days for filtered river water, filtered pond water, and distilled water, respectively (HSDB, 2005).
- Adsorption to sediment and suspended solids is likely, based on an estimated organic carbon partition coefficient (Koc) of 180 (HSDB, 2005).
- Volatilization from surface water is not an important environmental fate process given a Henry's Law constant of 4.3 x 10(-8) atm-m(3)/mole (derived from vapor pressure of 2 x 10(-4) mm Hg and water solubility of 1,380 mg/L) (HSDB, 2005).
GROUND WATER
- Nitroglycerin's estimated half-life in groundwater ranges from 96 to 336 hours under unacclimated aerobic conditions (based on aqueous biodegradation half-life) (Howard et al, 1991).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Nitroglycerin's potential mobility in soil is moderate, given an estimated organic carbon partition coefficient (Koc) of 180 (calculated from log octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of 1.62 (HSDB, 2005).
- Volatilization from moist soil is possible, but not an important environmental fate process given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.3 x 10(-8) atm-m(3)/mole. Volatilization from dry surface soil is not expected (HSDB, 2005).
- Nitroglycerin's estimated half-life in soil is 48 to 168 hours under unacclimated aerobic conditions (based on aqueous biodegradation half-life)(Howard et al, 1991).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

In the ambient atmosphere, nitroglycerin can exist in both vapor and particulate phases. Particulate removal occurs by rain wash-out along with wet and dry deposition. In its vapor phase, nitroglycerin degrades by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 15 days. Nitroglycerin can undergo photolysis and photoxidization in both water and air; degradation by direct photolysis, however, is not considered important. Hydrolysis is the principal degradation process for nitroglycerin, particularly in aquatic or terrestrial environments that are alkaline. Nitroglycerin does not readily volatilize from surface water or soil, and it typically absorbs to suspended solids and sediments. Nitroglycerin's potential mobility in soil is moderate, given an estimated organic carbon partition coefficient (Koc) of 180 (HSDB, 2005; Howard et al, 1991).

BIODEGRADATION

Biodegradation of nitroglycerin is likely under alkaline conditions in soil and water (HSDB, 2005).

Nitroglycerin's estimated aqueous biodegradation half-life ranges from 192 to 672 hours under unacclimated anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions, the estimated half-life range is 48 to 168 hours (Howard et al, 1991).

Microorganisms can degrade nitroglycerin if nutrients are provided (HSDB, 2005).

BIOACCUMULATION

HUMANS

In humans, nitroglycerin's estimated plasma half-life is 7.5 minutes (Baselt & Cravey, 1995). Peak concentrations in human plasma occur within 4 minutes of sublingual administration (HSDB, 2005).

FISH

Bioconcentration in fish and aquatic organisms is expected to be low, given a bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 4 (HSDB, 2005).

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

Nitroglycerin's estimated potential bioconcentration factor (BCF) in aquatic organisms is 4, which is considered low (HSDB, 2005).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

ECOTOXICITY VALUES

LC0 - WATER FLEA (Daphnia): 26 mg/L (Verschueren, 2001)
LC0 - BACTERIA (Pseudomonas): 2 mg/L (Verschueren, 2001)
LC0 - GREEN ALGAE (Scenedesmus): 6.5 mg/L (Verschueren, 2001)
LC50 - BLUEGILL: 1.28 mg/L for 96 H -- at pH 6.0; static bioassay (HSDB, 2005; HSDB, 2005)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE: 236.14 (Prod Info Isordil(R) Titradose(TM) oral tablets, 2013)

ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE: 191.14 (Prod Info ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE extended-release tablets, 2014)

NITROGLYCERIN: 227.09 (Prod Info NITRO-DUR(R) transdermal infusion system patch, 2014; Prod Info nitroglycerin in 5% dextrose intravenous injection, 2014)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

MEDICINAL - ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE: white, crystalline, odorless compound that is stable in air and in solution; freely soluble in organic solvents (eg, acetone, alcohol, and ether) and sparingly soluble in water; melting point: 70 degrees C (Prod Info Isordil(R) Titradose(TM) oral tablets, 2013).

MEDICINAL - ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE: white, crystalline, odorless compound that is stable in air and in solution; freely soluble in water, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane; melting point: 90 degrees C (Prod Info ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE extended-release tablets, 2014).

MEDICINAL - NITROGLYCERIN: pale yellow, oily liquid with a sweet, burning taste (Budavari, 1996); colorless to yellow (Lewis, 1996); colorless in pure form and pale yellow or brown in commercial form (Hathaway et al, 1996).

Nitroglycerin solubility in water: slightly soluble (ACGIH, 2001; Ashford, 1994; Clayton & Clayton, 1994); almost insoluble (Baselt & Cravey, 1995; Kohler & Meyer, 1993); 0.1% (at 68 degrees F) (NIOSH , 2000); 1800 mg/L (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000).
Nitroglycerin is soluble in oxygenated, aromatic, and chlorinated solvents. It is miscible with or soluble in benzene, ether, acetone, glacial acetic acid, nitrobenzene, pyridine, ethylene bromide, dichloroethylene, chloroform, and ethyl acetate (ACGIH, 2001; Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; HSDB , 2000; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1996).
Nitroglycerin is sparingly soluble in petroleum ether, liquid petrolatum, and glycerol (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996).
Nitroglycerin is soluble in carbon disulfide - 1 g of nitroglycerin dissolves in 120 g of carbon disulfide (Budavari, 1996).
Nitroglycerin is soluble in alcohol (Clayton & Clayton, 1994); 1 gram dissolves in 4 g of ethanol (Budavari, 1996); 1 gram dissolves in 18 g of methanol (Budavari, 1996).
Nitroglycerin has a melting point of 13 degrees C (Ashford, 1994; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; ILO, 1998; Sittig, 1991); 13.1 degrees C (ITI, 1995); 13.5 degrees C - stable form (Budavari, 1996); 2.8 degrees C - labile form (Budavari, 1996).

MEDICINAL - PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE: white crystalline (HSDB , 2000).

INDUSTRIAL - NITROGLYCERIN: viscous and oily liquid at room temperature (ACGIH, 2001; Baselt, 1997; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Hathaway et al, 1996; HSDB , 2000).

Nitroglycerin becomes a solid at temperatures below 56 degrees F (NIOSH , 2000). It forms triclinic or rhombic crystals (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; HSDB , 2000; ILO, 1998).
Nitroglycerin decomposes between 50 to 60 degrees C (ACGIH, 2001; Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996) or between 122 to 140 degrees F (NIOSH , 2000).
Nitroglycerin decomposes energetically above 145 degrees C (Urben, 1995).
Nitroglycerin is appreciably volatile at 100 degrees C (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996).

INDUSTRIAL - NITROGLYCERIN: pale yellow or brown color in commercial form (ACGIH, 1991; NIOSH , 2000; Hathaway et al, 1996); colorless in pure form (NIOSH , 2000; Hathaway et al, 1996).

4 (range 3 to 5; dextrose 5% injection premix) (Prod Info nitroglycerin in 5% dextrose intravenous injection, 2014)

VAPOR PRESSURE

Nitroglycerin: 0.00026 torr; 0.00026 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 2001; Budavari, 1996)

Nitroglycerin: 0.00025 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000)

Nitroglycerin: 0.00033 mmHg (at 20 degrees C; 68 degrees F) (Kohler & Meyer, 1993)

Nitroglycerin: 0.0097 mmHg (at 50 degrees C; 122 degrees F) (Kohler & Meyer, 1993)

Nitroglycerin: 0.13 mmHg (at 80 degrees C; 176 degrees F) (Kohler & Meyer, 1993)

Nitroglycerin: 0.31 mmHg (at 90 degrees C; 194 degrees F) (Kohler & Meyer, 1993)

Nitroglycerin: 0.31 mmHg (at 93 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)

Nitroglycerin: 1 mmHg (at 127 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1996)

Nitroglycerin: 0.0003 mmHg (at 68 degrees F) (NIOSH , 2000)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
Nitroglycerin: 1.5918 (at 25/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996a)

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

Nitroglycerin: 1.5931 (at 20/4 degrees C) (HSDB, 2000)
Nitroglycerin: 1.6144 (at 4/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996a)
Nitroglycerin: 1.6009 (at 15/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996a)
Nitroglycerin: 1.599 (Budavari, 1996a; Lewis, 1996a)

DENSITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

Nitroglycerin: 1.591 g/cm(3) (Kohler & Meyer, 1993)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

Nitroglycerin: 13.1 degrees C (ACGIH, 2001; Lewis, 1997)
Nitroglycerin: 56 degrees F (NIOSH , 2000)

MELTING POINT

Isosorbide dinitrate: 70 degrees C (Prod Info Isordil(R) Titradose(TM) oral tablets, 2013)
Isosorbide mononitrate: 90 degrees C (Prod Info ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE extended-release tablets, 2014)
Nitroglycerin: 13 degrees C (Ashford, 1994; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; ILO, 1998; Sittig, 1991)
Nitroglycerin: 13.1 degrees C (ITI, 1995)
Nitroglycerin: 13.5 degrees C - stable form (Budavari, 1996)
Nitroglycerin: 2.8 degrees C - labile form (Budavari, 1996)

BOILING POINT

Nitroglycerin: 125 degrees C (at 2 mmHg) (HSDB , 2000)

Nitroglycerin: 260 degrees C (at 760 mmHg) -- WITH EXPLOSION (HSDB , 2000)

Nitroglycerin: 256 degrees C -- WITH EXPLOSION (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

Nitroglycerin: 261 degrees C; 502 degrees F -- WITH EXPLOSION (ITI, 1995; NFPA, 1997; Sittig, 1991)

FLASH POINT

When nitroglycerin is mixed with acetone, alcohol, or other solvents, the flash point will depend on the solvent used. For example, when mixed with alcohol, the flash point is less than 73 degrees F (AAR, 1998).

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

Nitroglycerin: 270 degrees C; 518 degrees F (HSDB , 2000; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1996; NFPA, 1997)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Isosorbide dinitrate: sparingly soluble (Prod Info Isordil(R) Titradose(TM) oral tablets, 2013)
Isosorbide mononitrate: freely soluble (Prod Info ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE extended-release tablets, 2014)
Nitroglycerin: slightly soluble (ACGIH, 2001; Ashford, 1994; Clayton & Clayton, 1994)
Nitroglycerin: almost insoluble (Baselt & Cravey, 1995; Kohler & Meyer, 1993)
Nitroglycerin: 0.1% (at 68 degrees F) (NIOSH , 2000)
Nitroglycerin: 1800 mg/L (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Isosorbide dinitrate is freely soluble in organic solvents (eg, acetone, alcohol, and ether) (Prod Info Isordil(R) Titradose(TM) oral tablets, 2013).
Isosorbide mononitrate is freely soluble in ethanol, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane (Prod Info ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE extended-release tablets, 2014).
Nitroglycerin is soluble in oxygenated, aromatic, and chlorinated solvents. It is miscible with or soluble in benzene, ether, acetone, glacial acetic acid, nitrobenzene, pyridine, ethylene bromide, dichloroethylene, chloroform, and ethyl acetate (ACGIH, 2001; Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; HSDB , 2000; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1996).
Nitroglycerin is sparingly soluble in petroleum ether, liquid petrolatum, and glycerol (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996).
Nitroglycerin is soluble in carbon disulfide - 1 g of nitroglycerin dissolves in 120 g of carbon disulfide (Budavari, 1996).

OTHER

ALCOHOL

Nitroglycerin: soluble in alcohol (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)
Nitroglycerin: 1 gram dissolves in 4 g of ethanol (Budavari, 1996)
Nitroglycerin: 1 gram dissolves in 18 g of methanol (Budavari, 1996)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

Nitroglycerin: log Kow = 1.62 (HSDB , 2000)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

Nitroglycerin: between 3.3 and 0.06 torr-L/mole (HSDB , 2000)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

Nitroglycerin: 2100 (Documentation of Molecular Spectroscopy Collection)

MASS

Nitroglycerin: 186 (Aldermaston, Eight Peak Index of Mass Spectra, UK)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

HEAT OF COMBUSTION

Nitroglycerin: 1580 cal/g (Budavari, 1996)

VISCOSITY

Nitroglycerin: 36 centipoise (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000)

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Phenyl Mercaptan (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006d. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020cc0c&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Selenium Hexafluoride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006f. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ec55&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

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