NITROGEN TRIFLUORIDE

Nitrogen trifluoride's principal use is as a fluorine source in the electronics industry and for high-energy chemical lasers. It is also used in the production of perfluoroammonium salts, as an oxidizing agent in rocketry and high energy fuels, in plasma etching of semiconductor materials, organic synthesis, and a gas filler to increase the life and brightness of lamps (CGA, 1999; HSDB, 2002; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1998).

FORMS

Nitrogen trifluoride is available as an etchant grade (99.5%) and a technical grade (98%) (HSDB, 2002).

SOURCES

The electrolysis of molten ammonium bifluoride in the presence of an electrical discharge will produce nitrogen trifluoride (HSDB, 2002).
Nitrogen trifluoride is prepared by electrolysis from melted ammonium acid fluoride (Budavari, 2000; Lewis, 1997a).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Nitrogen trifluoride may be irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. The primary toxic effect of nitrogen trifluoride is methemoglobinemia. Signs and symptoms of exposure may include weakness, dizziness, headache, and cyanosis.

Liver and kidney injury, incoordination, collapse, and seizures have occurred in experimental animals.

No human clinical experience with nitrogen trifluoride was located at the time of this review.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 122 (ERG, 2004)

Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning.
Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.
Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 122 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed.
In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

INHALATION EXPOSURE: Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
TARGET ORGANS: Blood, liver, and kidneys (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue).

Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years).
Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia.

METHEMOGLOBINEMIA: Determine the methemoglobin concentration and evaluate the patient for clinical effects of methemoglobinemia (ie, dyspnea, headache, fatigue, CNS depression, tachycardia, metabolic acidosis). Treat patients with symptomatic methemoglobinemia with methylene blue (this usually occurs at methemoglobin concentrations above 20% to 30%, but may occur at lower methemoglobin concentrations in patients with anemia, or underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disorders). Administer oxygen while preparing for methylene blue therapy.
METHYLENE BLUE: INITIAL DOSE/ADULT OR CHILD: 1 mg/kg IV over 5 to 30 minutes; a repeat dose of up to 1 mg/kg may be given 1 hour after the first dose if methemoglobin levels remain greater than 30% or if signs and symptoms persist. NOTE: Methylene blue is available as follows: 50 mg/10 mL (5 mg/mL or 0.5% solution) single-dose ampules and 10 mg/1 mL (1% solution) vials. Additional doses may sometimes be required. Improvement is usually noted shortly after administration if diagnosis is correct. Consider other diagnoses or treatment options if no improvement has been observed after several doses. If intravenous access cannot be established, methylene blue may also be given by intraosseous infusion. Methylene blue should not be given by subcutaneous or intrathecal injection. NEONATES: DOSE: 0.3 to 1 mg/kg.
Concomitant use of methylene blue with serotonergic drugs, including serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), triptans, and ergot alkaloids may increase the risk of potentially fatal serotonin syndrome.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
If frostbite has occurred, DO NOT rub the affected areas, DO NOT flush affected areas with water, or attempt to remove clothing.
PREHOSPITAL

Rewarming of a localized area should only be considered if the risk of refreezing is unlikely. Avoid rubbing the frozen area which may cause further damage to the area (Grieve et al, 2011; Hallam et al, 2010).

REWARMING

Do not institute rewarming unless complete rewarming can be assured; refreezing thawed tissue increases tissue damage. Place affected area in a water bath with a temperature of 40 to 42 degrees Celsius for 15 to 30 minutes until thawing is complete. The bath should be large enough to permit complete immersion of the injured part, avoiding contact with the sides of the bath. A whirlpool bath would be ideal. Some authors suggest a mild antibacterial (ie, chlorhexidine, hexachlorophene or povidone-iodine) be added to the bath water. Tissues should be thoroughly rewarmed and pliable; the skin will appear a red-purple color (Grieve et al, 2011; Hallam et al, 2010; Murphy et al, 2000).
Correct systemic hypothermia which can cause cold diuresis due to suppression of antidiuretic hormone; consider IV fluids (Grieve et al, 2011).
Rewarming may be associated with increasing acute pain, requiring narcotic analgesics.
For severe frostbite, clinical trials have shown that pentoxifylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, can enhance tissue viability by increasing blood flow and reducing platelet activity (Hallam et al, 2010).

WOUND CARE

Digits should be separated by sterile absorbent cotton; no constrictive dressings should be used. Protective dressings should be changed twice per day.
Perform twice daily hydrotherapy for 30 to 45 minutes in warm water at 40 degrees Celsius. This helps debride devitalized tissue and maintain range of motion. Keep the area warm and dry between treatments (Hallam et al, 2010; Murphy et al, 2000).
The injured extremities should be elevated and should not be allowed to bear weight.
In patients at risk for infection of necrotic tissue, prophylactic antibiotics and tetanus toxoid have been recommended by some authors (Hallam et al, 2010; Murphy et al, 2000).
Non-tense clear blisters should be left intact due to the risk of infection; tense or hemorrhagic blisters may be carefully aspirated in a setting where aseptic technique is provided (Hallam et al, 2010).
Further surgical debridement should be delayed until mummification demarcation has occurred (60 to 90 days). Spontaneous amputation may occur.
Analgesics may be required during the rewarming phase; however, patients with severe pain should be evaluated for vasospasm.
IMAGING: Arteriography and noninvasive vascular techniques (e.g., plain radiography, laser Doppler studies, digital plethysmography, infrared thermography, isotope scanning), have been useful in evaluating the extent of vasospasm after thawing and assessing whether debridement is needed (Hallam et al, 2010). In cases of severe frostbite, Technetium 99 (triple phase scanning) and MRI angiography have been shown to be the most useful to assess injury and determine the extent or need for surgical debridement (Hallam et al, 2010).
TOPICAL THERAPY: Topical aloe vera may decrease tissue destruction and should be applied every 6 hours (Murphy et al, 2000).
IBUPROFEN THERAPY: Ibuprofen, a thromboxane inhibitor, may help limit inflammatory damage and reduce tissue loss (Grieve et al, 2011; Murphy et al, 2000). DOSE: 400 mg orally every 12 hours is recommended (Hallam et al, 2010).
THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY: Thrombolysis (intra-arterial or intravenous thrombolytic agents) may be beneficial in those patients at risk to lose a digit or a limb, if done within the first 24 hours of exposure. The use of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) to clear microvascular thromboses can restore arterial blood flow, but should be accompanied by close monitoring including angiography or technetium scanning to evaluate the injury and to evaluate the effects of t-PA administration. Potential risk of the procedure includes significant tissue edema that can lead to a rise in interstitial pressures resulting in compartment syndrome (Grieve et al, 2011).
CONTROVERSIAL: Adjunct pharmacological agents (ie, heparin, vasodilators, prostacyclins, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, dextran) are controversial and not routinely recommended. The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, sympathectomy remains unclear (Grieve et al, 2011).
CHRONIC PAIN: Vasomotor dysfunction can produce chronic pain. Amitriptyline has been used in some patients; some patients may need a referral for pain management. Inability to tolerate the cold (in the affected area) has been observed following a single episode of frostbite (Hallam et al, 2010).
MORBIDITIES: Frostbite can produce localized osteoporosis and possible bone loss following a severe case. These events may take a year or more to develop. Children may be at greater risk to develop more severe events (ie, early arthritis) (Hallam et al, 2010).

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
If contact with escaping gas may have caused frostbite injury to the eyes, DO NOT flush the eyes with water; early ophthalmologic consultation should be obtained.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Ingestion is unlikely. Oral exposure to escaping gas might cause frostbite injury to the upper gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Administer oxygen and maintain airway as clinically indicated.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ADULT

Fatality may occur when methemoglobin levels are about 85-90% (Hathaway et al, 1996).

ANIMAL DATA

87% of the rats died after an exposure to nitrogen trifluoride at 10,000 ppm for 60-70 minutes (ACGIH, 1991; Hathaway et al, 1996; HSDB , 2002).
Rats died after a single exposure of nitrogen trifluoride for 4 hours at 2500 ppm (ACGIH, 1991; HSDB , 2002).
80% of the total hemoglobin was found as methemoglobin in lethal exposures (HSDB , 2002).
Animals given 8 to 15 mg/kg became cyanotic and developed enlarged spleens (Torkelson et al, 1962).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

ADULT

No reports of nitrogen trifluoride intoxication are available (Hathaway et al, 1996).
Methemoglobin levels of 70% may cause coma in humans (Hathaway et al, 1996).

ANIMAL DATA

Dogs survived after an exposure to nitrogen trifluoride at 9600 ppm for 60 minutes, but had decreased hematocrit, decreased hemoglobin levels, reduced red blood cell count, Heinz body anemia, and clinical signs consistent with anoxia due to methemoglobin formation (ACGIH, 1991; Hathaway et al, 1996).
Inhalation of 3000 ppm of nitrogen trifluoride for 10 minutes had no effect on rats, but at 2500 pm for 4 hours fatalities were commonplace (ACGIH, 1991; HSDB , 2002).
Daily repeated seven-hour exposures of rats at 100 ppm for 19 weeks resulted in mild to moderate pathologic changes in the liver and kidneys. Significant effect on the spleen, as in acute exposure, was not reported. Possible evidence of fluorosis was seen in the kidneys only and not in the teeth or bones (ACGIH, 1991; Hathaway et al, 1996).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7783-54-2 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Nitrogen trifluoride
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Nitrogen trifluoride
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS7783-54-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 2002
- LC50- (INHALATION)DOG:
- LC50- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- LC50- (INHALATION)PRIMATE:
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- TDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RABBIT:
- TDLo- (INHALATION)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

1 ppm = 2.90 mg/m(3) (NIOSH , 2002)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS7783-54-2 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Nitrogen trifluoride

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 10 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: BEI(M)
Definitions:

BEI(M): The BEI notation is listed when a BEI is also recommended for the substance listed. Biological monitoring should be instituted for such substances to evaluate the total exposure from all sources, including dermal, ingestion, or non-occupational. Substances identified as Methemoglobin Inducers (for which methemoglobin is the principal cause of toxicity) are part of this notation.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): MeHB-emia; liver and kidney dam
Molecular Weight: 71

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS7783-54-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS7783-54-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Nitrogen trifluoride
REL:

TWA: 10 ppm (29 mg/m(3))
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 1000 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS7783-54-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Nitrogen trifluoride
Table Z-1 for Nitrogen trifluoride:

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 10

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 29

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS7783-54-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Threshold Quantity, in pounds:5000

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS7783-54-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS7783-54-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS7783-54-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS7783-54-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS7783-54-2 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS7783-54-2 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS7783-54-2 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Nitrogen fluoride (NF3)

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2451 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Nitrogen trifluoride

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 2.2

2.2: Non-flammable compressed gas. See 49 CFR section 173.115 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2451
Packing Group: Not Listed
Label(s) required (if not excepted): 2.2, 5.1

2.2: Non-Flammable Gas.
5.1: Oxidizer.

Special Provisions:

Not Listed

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 302
Bulk packaging: None

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 75 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 150 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: D

D: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but the material is prohibited on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 40

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2451 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Nitrogen trifluoride
UN Number: 2451

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS7783-54-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Nitrogen trifluoride is shipped as a compressed gas and is particularly hazardous under pressure. Follow all the necessary precautions for any compressed gas. It is thermodynamically stable except at elevated temperatures. Brass, aluminum, steel, stainless steel, copper and fluorinated materials are compatible with nitrogen trifluoride at ambient temperatures. Corrosion rates are less than 0.1 mil/year at 71.1 degrees C (160 degrees F) (CGA, 1999; Lewis, 2000; NIOSH , 2002).

HANDLING

Overalls, rubber gloves, a face shield, and a self-contained breathing apparatus are recommended for handling nitrogen trifluoride (ITI, 1995).

Avoid conditions that can result in high temperatures such as adiabatic compression from the rapid pressurization of a system (CGA, 1999).

"Purification adsorption of nitrogen trifluoride is not recommended" (CGA, 1999).

Clean fittings, lines and other equipment to remove any grease or organic matter. Purge and evacuate the assembly before introducing nitrogen trifluoride into the line. Slowly release the gas at a few atmospheres of pressure at room temperature. If the system will be operated at higher temperatures, use fluorine to passivate the system before using nitrogen trifluoride (CGA, 1999).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Nitrogen trifluoride is inert at normal temperatures and pressures. Under pressure, nitrogen trifluoride can be hazardous (Lewis, 2000).
Pure nitrogen trifluoride does not attack glass at normal temperatures (Lewis, 2000).
Nitrogen trifluoride cylinders are usually filled to 1450 psig. Cylinders approved for nitrogen trifluoride must requalified every 5 years (CGA, 1999).
Containers of nitrogen trifluoride may rupture and rocket if exposed to heat for prolonged periods (AAR, 2000).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Do not store nitrogen trifluoride in the vicinity of hydrocarbon oils and greases, and all organic or combustible materials (CGA, 1999).
Store full cylinders in a ventilated area protected from excessive heat (51.7 degrees C; 125 degrees F). If the cylinder is not in use, keep valve protection caps and valve outlet caps on (CGA, 1999).
Securing the cylinders from movement while in use will protect the connections from strain (CGA, 1999).
Protect the cylinders from mechanical shock and mishandling (CGA, 1999).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Nitrogen trifluoride in incompatible with the following (Lewis, 2000; NFPA, 1997; Sittig, 1991; Urben, 2000):
- activated charcoal
- ammonia (explodes upon ignition)
- carbon monoxide (explodes upon ignition)
- chlorine dioxide (explosive in the gas phase)
- diborane (violent reaction at liquid phase)
- granular charcoal at -100 degrees C (explosion)
- granular charcoal at 150 degrees C (in a flow system, incandescent reaction)
- grease
- hydrogen (explodes upon ignition)
- hydrogen-containing materials
- hydrogen sulfide (explodes upon ignition)
- methane (explodes upon ignition)
- oil
- oxidizable materials
- oxides
- reducing agents (vigorous reaction)
- tetrafluorohyrazine (violent reaction)
- vapor oil
- water
The reaction of nitrogen trifluoride with reducing agents under pressure can cause a severe explosion (Lewis, 2000).
At normal temperatures, pure nitrogen trifluoride does not attack glass or mercury (Budavari, 2000; Lewis, 2000).
Electrical sparks can cause nitrogen trifluoride to decompose (Budavari, 2000).
"Sparking of mixtures with ammonia or hydrogen causes violent explosions, and with steam, feeble ones. Mixtures with ethylene, methane and hydrogen sulfide (also carbon monoxide) explode on sparking" (Urben, 2000).
Nitrogen trifluoride can slowly react with some metals including stainless steel to generate tetraflurorhydrazine (Urben, 2000).
A nitrogen trifluoride reaction with bromotrifluoromethane, ethylene may cause an explosion due to the oxidation of ethylene (Urben, 2000).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 122 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids.

NIOSH does not make any recommendations specifying the need for skin or eye protection, the need to wash contaminated skin areas, or removing contaminated clothing; however, the use of respirators is recommended (NIOSH , 2002).

Rubber gloves, overalls, and face shield are recommended for handling nitrogen trifluoride. Regular chemical protective clothing and structural firefighters' clothing offers little or no thermal protection against cryogenic liquids (HSDB , 2002; ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991).

Do not handle broken packages without protective equipment (AAR, 2000).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

A face shield and a self-contained breathing apparatus is recommended for handling nitrogen trifluoride (ITI, 1995).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 7783-54-2.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

Responder

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder Plus

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: gas
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: gas
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.014
Notes: gas
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.014
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.014
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: gas
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: gas
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.014
Notes: gas
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.014
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

Nitrogen trifluoride is odorless and can not be detected at TLV concentrations; therefore, adequate ventilation and detection devices should be installed to monitor potential exposures (CGA, 1999).

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 122 (ERG, 2004)
- Substance does not burn but will support combustion.
- Some may react explosively with fuels.
- May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
- Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.
- Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Ruptured cylinders may rocket.
Nitrogen trifluoride is a very powerful oxidizer (Lewis, 2000).
Nitrogen trifluoride is not flammable; however, it is a severe explosion hazard. It may ignite combustible materials. Runoff can be a fire or explosion hazard (HSDB , 2002; ITI, 1995).
Use flooding water to cool containers; containers of nitrogen trifluoride may rupture and rocket if exposed to heat for prolonged periods (AAR, 2000).
Use an extinguishing agent suitable for the surrounding fires since nitrogen trifluoride is not flammable and burns with difficulty (AAR, 2000).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS7783-54-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

INITIATING OR CONTRIBUTING PROPERTIES

Nitrogen trifluoride is a very powerful oxidizer and reacts violently when ignited with hydrogen (ITI, 1995; Lewis, 2000).

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 122 (ERG, 2004)

Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 122 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical or CO2.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 122 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

TANK FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 122 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS7783-54-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

A halocarbon extinguishing agent reduces the potential of a severe explosion of oxidating ethylene (Urben, 2000).

Use an extinguishing agent suitable for the surrounding fires since nitrogen trifluoride is not flammable and burns with difficulty (AAR, 2000).

Apply water at a safe distance (AAR, 2000).

Tank cars carrying nonflammable gases may or may not be insulated and should not have obstructed safety valves. Stay clear of area surrounding the valve which may malfunction and unexpectedly release the material. Poison A materials, however, usually are not equipped with safety relief valves during shipment and the potential explosion hazard is increased (AAR, 1987).

Cool containers exposed to flame from the side and stay clear of the ends of the tanks (HSDB , 2002).

Fumes may be rapidly carried away in fire situations. The fire will vaporize the leaking material (AAR, 1987).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Heated nitrogen trifluoride may emit irritating or toxic fumes (HSDB , 2002).
Nitrogen trifluoride heated to decomposition will emit highly toxic fumes of fluoride (Lewis, 2000).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Nitrogen trifluoride is an explosion hazard (Lewis, 1997).

Heated containers may explode and rocket (HSDB, 2001). In the event of fire, a cylinder exposed to flame may shatter into many pieces over a wide area (AAR, 1987).

Nitrogen trifluoride may react explosively with fuels, and runoff can create an explosion and fire hazard (HSDB , 2002).

Mixtures of liquid nitrogen trifluoride and diborane at low temperatures can cause explosions. At room temperature, there is no interaction (NFPA, 1997).

The following elements are explosive when mixed with nitrogen trifluoride (Lewis, 2000; NFPA, 1997; NIOSH/OSHA, 1981; Sittig, 1991; Urben, 2000):

ammonia (explodes upon ignition)
carbon monoxide (explodes upon ignition)
chlorine dioxide (explosive in the gas phase)
granular charcoal at -100 degrees C (explosion)
hydrogen (explodes upon ignition)
hydrogen sulfide (explodes upon ignition)
methane (explodes upon ignition)
reducing agents
water vapor (with high energy source)

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Vapors are heavier than air and travel along the ground (HSDB , 2002).

Vapors can cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Contact with the gas or liquid can be irritating to the nose and eyes, and can cause severe injuries and frostbite (Grant & Schuman, 1993; HSDB , 2002).

Nitrogen trifluoride heated in fires may produce irritating or toxic gases (HSDB , 2002).

Nitrogen trifluoride heated to decomposition will emit highly toxic fumes of fluoride (Lewis, 2000).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Nitrogen trifluoride in incompatible with the following (Lewis, 2000; NFPA, 1997; Sittig, 1991; Urben, 2000):

activated charcoal
ammonia (explodes upon ignition)
bromotrifluoromethane, ethylene
carbon monoxide (explodes upon ignition)
chlorine dioxide (explosive in the gas phase)
diborane (violent reaction in liquid phase at low temperatures)
ethylene (explodes upon ignition)
granular charcoal at -100 degrees C (explosion)
granular charcoal at 150 degrees C (in a flow system, incandescent reaction)
grease
hydrogen (explodes upon ignition)
hydrogen-containing materials
hydrogen sulfide (explodes upon ignition)
methane (explodes upon ignition)
oil
oxidizable materials
oxides
reducing agents (vigorous reaction)
tetrafluorohyrazine (violent reaction)
vapor oil
water

The reaction of nitrogen trifluoride with reducing agents under pressure can cause a severe explosion (ACGIH, 1991; Lewis, 2000).

Electrical sparks can cause nitrogen trifluoride to decompose (ACGIH, 1991; Budavari, 2000).

A crude mixture of nitrogen trifluoride and tetrafluorohydrazine was stored in a stainless steel cylinder. When the cylinder valve was opened, the cylinder exploded, killing one man and injuring another (NFPA, 1997).

Nitrogen and carbon tetrafluoride are produced when nitrogen trifluoride reacts with activated charcoal (CGA, 1999).

Sparking of nitrogen trifluoride mixtures with ammonia or hydrogen causes violent explosions. Reactions with steam are feeble (Urben, 2000).

Nitrogen trifluoride can slowly react with some metals including stainless steel to generate tetraflurohydrazine (Urben, 2000).

Nitrogen trifluoride reacting with ethylene may cause an explosion due to the oxidation of ethylene (Urben, 2000).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 122 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 122 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 122 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

Leaks may be difficult to detect since the material is colorless. Extreme care should be taken when handling this material (AAR, 1987).

Isolate the area until the gas has dispersed or the liquid has evaporated (HSDB , 2002).

Evacuation downwind is based on the amount of material spilled, weather conditions, and the location of the spill (AAR, 2000).

Those not involved in cleanup procedures and those people not wearing proper required protective clothing and equipment should be restricted from the area until necessary cleanup procedures are completed (NIOSH/OSHA, 1981).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS7783-54-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Listed as Nitrogen Trifluoride
ERPG-1 (units = ppm): Not appropriate
ERPG-2 (units = ppm): 400
ERPG-3 (units = ppm): 800
Under Ballot, Review, or Consideration: No
Definitions:

ERPG-1: The ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing more than mild, transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor.
ERPG-2: The ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take protective action.
ERPG-3: The ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS7783-54-2 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Nitrogen trifluoride
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 10
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 200
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 530
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 860
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS7783-54-2 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Listed as: Nitrogen trifluoride
Proposed Value:

AEGL-1

10 min exposure:

ppm: 1200 ppm
mg/m3: 3500 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 400 ppm
mg/m3: 1200 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 200 ppm
mg/m3: 580 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 50 ppm
mg/m3: 150 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 25 ppm
mg/m3: 73 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.

Listed as: Nitrogen trifluoride
Proposed Value:

AEGL-2

10 min exposure:

ppm: 3100 ppm
mg/m3: 9000 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 1100 ppm
mg/m3: 3200 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 530 ppm
mg/m3: 1500 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 140 ppm
mg/m3: 400 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 68 ppm
mg/m3: 200 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

Listed as: Nitrogen trifluoride
Proposed Value:

AEGL-3

10 min exposure:

ppm: 5000 ppm
mg/m3: 15,000 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 1700 ppm
mg/m3: 4900 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 860 ppm
mg/m3: 2500 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 220 ppm
mg/m3: 640 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 110 ppm
mg/m3: 320 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS7783-54-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 1000 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 122 (ERG, 2004)
- Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.
- Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
- Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to conact spilled material.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Allow substance to evaporate.
- Isolate area until gas has dispersed.
- CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 122 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
- Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids.
Restrict entry into contaminated areas to persons not wearing personal protective clothing or until the spill cleanup is completed. If it is a gas leak, stop the flow and ventilate the area to disperse the gas. If the gas leak is from a cylinder, remove the cylinder and place in open air. Either repair the leak or allow the cylinder to empty (HSDB , 2002).
Stop leaks if it can be done without risk to personnel (AAR, 2000).
Nitrogen trifluoride is a cryogenic liquid. Do not touch or walk through a liquid spill (HSDB , 2002).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Liquid soap applied to a suspected leak in the process lines, cylinder, or cylinder valve will confirm a leak if bubbles form (CGA, 1999).
Move leaking cylinders to a ventilated area and contact the manufacturer (CGA, 1999).
Funnel gas valve leaks through a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and a reducing agent, such as sodium bisulfite solution. The line needs to have a trap (ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Keep combustible materials away from nitrogen trifluoride (HSDB , 2002).
Stop the leak if it can be done without risk. If not, turn cylinders so a gas escapes rather than the liquid. If the liquid does leak out, prevent it from entering confined areas and waterways (HSDB , 2002).
Funnel gas valve leaks through a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and a reducing agent, such as sodium bisulfite solution. The line needs to have a trap (ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991).
Use water spray to divert vapors, but do not direct water directly on the spill or leak source (HSDB , 2002).
Isolate the area until the gas has dispersed or the liquid has evaporated (HSDB , 2002).

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Use large quantities of a concentrated reducing agent solution (bisulfites or ferrous salts with 3M-H2SO4 or hypo) and neutralize with dilute hydrochloric acid or soda ash (ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991).
Nitrogen trifluoride gas can scrubbed by passing the vapor streams through a packed bed of metals or metal oxides at temperatures above 538 degrees C (1000 degrees F). Caustic scrubbing should follow (CGA, 1999).
Commercial disposal systems can be used to destroy nitrogen trifluoride. The temperature and the chemical reactions during the disposal process need to BE analyzed prior to using, to ensure safety (CGA, 1999).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

Nitrogen trifluoride can be incinerated with fuels such as activated charcoal, hydrocarbons, or metals at elevated temperatures. To assure reaction and prevent gas adsorption, carbon bed temperatures must be sustained above 650 degrees C (1202 degrees F) (CGA, 1999).
A hydrocarbon flame can destroy nitrogen trifluoride effluents. To remove the by-products, hydrogen fluoride and oxides of nitrogen, downstream scrubbing will be necessary (CGA, 1999).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

No information found at the time of this review.

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

No information found at the time of this review.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

No information found at the time of this review.

To prevent further contamination, runoff water should be diked, possibly collected, and neutralized (AAR, 1987).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

71.00

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Nitrogen trifluoride is a colorless gas. Pure samples have little odor, but traces of active fluorides can render a pungent, moldy odor. The chemical solidifies at -206.8 degrees C (HSDB , 2002; Lewis, 2000; NIOSH , 2002).

At 250 degrees C (482 degrees F) its reactivity is similar to oxygen (CGA, 1999).

"At higher temperatures, its reactivity is similar to fluorine owing to appreciable dissociation into NF2 and F-." The peak temperature ranges from 1100-1500 (CGA, 1999).

VAPOR PRESSURE

>1 atm (NIOSH , 2002)

>1 atm (20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991)

33,400 mmHg (at 233 K) (HSDB , 2002)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-340 degrees F (NIOSH , 2002)
-206.6 degrees C (Lewis, 1997a)

MELTING POINT

-206.6 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991a; ITI, 1995; Sax & Lewis, 1987)
-208.5 degrees C (Budavari, 2000; ILO, 1998; Lewis, 2000a)
-206.8 degrees C; 340 degrees F (US DHHS, 1981; CIM, 1988)
-340.2 degrees F (CGA, 1999)

BOILING POINT

-200 degrees F (NIOSH , 2002)

-200.3 degrees F (CGA, 1999)

-128.8 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1997)

-129 degrees C (Budavari, 2000; ILO , 1998; Lewis, 2000)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Nitrogen trifluoride is slightly soluble in water (ILO , 1998; Lewis, 2000) NIOSH, 2001).
Nearly insoluble in water (ACGIH, 1991).
Very slightly soluble in cold water (HSDB , 2002; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1997)
Insoluble in water (Budavari, 2000)
1.4X10(-5) molNF3/molH2O (at 25 degrees C and 101.3 kPa) (HSDB , 2002)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

500 ppm (ACGIH, 1991)

CRITICAL PRESSURE

4.5299x10(+6) Pa (HSDB , 2002)
646.9 psia (CGA, 1999)

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

233.85 K (HSDB , 2002)
-38.5 degrees F (CGA, 1999)

HEAT OF FUSION

3.9794X10(+5) J/kmol (at the melting point) (HSDB 2001)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.0004 (gas) (HSDB , 2002)

IONIZATION POTENTIAL

12.97 eV (NIOSH , 2002)

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Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents