NICOTINE SULFATE

1658-Nicotine sulfate, solid
3445-Nicotine sulfate, solid
1658-Nicotine sulfate, solution
1658-Nicotine sulphate, solid
3445-Nicotine sulphate, solid
1658-Nicotine sulphate, solution

STCC NUMBER

4921452 (SOLID)
4921451 (LIQUID)

DESIGNATIONS

EPA PESTICIDE CHEMICAL CODE:056703

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C20-H26-N4.O4-S

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

151-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)(for UN/NA Numbers1658and3445)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(RTECS, 1997; HSDB, 1997)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

It is used as an insecticide and miticide, and to control unmanageable dogs (HSDB , 1993). Its use as a veterinary antihelmintic has been generally replaced by less toxic compounds (HSDB , 1993). Little nicotine is currently used commercially in the USA for insecticidal purposes (Morgan, 1989).
Persons are exposed to nicotine from the mixing, storage, and application of insecticides; the processing, extraction, and use of tobacco; the administration of tobacco enemas to treat intestinal parasites; nicotine chewing gum or patches used to aid in smoking cessation; and from plants containing nicotine(HSDB , 1993)

FORMS

Nicotine sulfate is a commercial form of NICOTINE, an alkaloid obtained from tobacco (Sax & Lewis, 1987). It is a white to light brown, odorless crystalline solid or solution which is soluble in water, and is also marketed as six-sided tablets (HSDB , 1993; CHRIS , 1991). It darkens upon exposure to light (CHRIS , 1991).
Nicotine sulfate may emit toxic fumes of sulfur and nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition (HSDB , 1993).

SOURCES

Nicotine sulfate forms nicotine in the presence of somewhat alkaline conditions, and its commercial application is designed to liberate free nicotine (HSDB , 1993). Therefore, this review is based on the properties of nicotine in general. Effects specifically attributed to nicotine sulfate are identified.

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

This review is based on the properties of nicotine. Effects attributed to nicotine sulfate are identified.

Nicotine is well absorbed via ingestion, inhalation, dermal, and rectal exposure. Symptoms generally begin within 15 minutes of ingestion and include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and increased salivation. Confusion, agitation, restlessness followed by lethargy, convulsions and coma may be noted following severe exposure. The duration of symptoms is about 1 to 2 hours following mild exposure, up to 18 to 24 hours following severe intoxication. Death is usually from respiratory depression.

Nicotine causes blockade of nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the brain, autonomic ganglia, and neuromuscular junction. Thus, central nervous system, sympathetic or parasympathetic autonomic, and neuromuscular effects may be seen in various combinations.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

From its acute oral LD50 of 50 mg/kg in rats, nicotine sulfate is a highly toxic substance (RTECS , 1993). Nicotine sulfate is absorbed through the lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract (Finkel, 1983; EPA, 1985). Nicotine sulfate is absorbed less well through the skin than the free base (HSDB , 1993). Eighty to 90 percent of absorbed nicotine is detoxified in the liver, while 10 to 20 percent is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. The principle metabolites are cotinine and nicotine-1'-N-oxide.

Nicotine sulfate may burn the eyes (DOT, 1991). Miosis may be seen with small doses and mydriasis with large doses (Rosenweig et al, 1989; Haruda, 1989). Visual and auditory disturbances may occur. Nicotine is irritating to the nose and throat (EPA, 1985; HSDB , 1991).

Hypertension followed by hypotension may occur. The pulse may be weak, rapid, and irregular (Proctor et al, 1988; HSDB , 1993). Vasoconstriction, atrial fibrillation (following nicotine gum ingestion), sinoatrial block (following cigarette ingestion), and ventricular fibrillation have all been reported (Gyllensward & Nordburg, 1953; (Stewart & Catterall, 1985; Rigotti & Eagle, 1986; Lavoie & Harris, 1991; Harchelroad et al, 1992).

Tachypnea is one of the principal signs of nicotine poisoning (HSDB , 1993). Dyspnea occurs after tachypnea. With large doses, respiratory failure has been noted (Singer & Janz, 1990).

Headache may occur after oral or dermal exposure to small amounts of nicotine (Haruda, 1989). Agitation is common in young children with tobacco ingestion (Smolinske et al, 1988). Even low doses increase hand tremor amplitude in smokers (Shiffman et al, 1983).

Confusion, anxiety, dizziness, restlessness, and incoordination may occur. Initial agitation may be followed by lethargy. With ingestion of larger doses, coma may develop (Borys et al, 1988). Death is usually from respiratory depression caused by CNS depression and peripheral blockade of respiratory muscles (HSDB , 1993).

With ingestion of large doses, weakness, fasciculations, hypotonia, and decreased deep tendon reflexes, progressing to paralysis, may occur.

Seizures may occur with large doses (Lavoie & Harris, 1991) and have been reported after nicotine enemas (Oberst & McIntyre, 1953), cigarette ingestion (Malizia et al, 1983), and nicotine gum ingestion (Singer & Janz, 1990).

A burning sensation in the mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach is the initial symptom following ingestion. Vomiting occurs in 16 to 63 percent of pediatric tobacco ingestions (Smolinske et al, 1988; Bonadio & Anderson, 1989) Edwards & Volan, 1985; (Peder et al, 1984). Abdominal pain and diarrhea may be seen with low doses (Smolinske et al, 1988).

Nicotine sulfate may burn the skin (DOT, 1991). Prolonged absorption of nicotine sulfate may continue after vigorous skin decontamination. The skin may act as a reservoir for slow nicotine release (Benowitz et al, 1987).

In one case of acute dermal exposure to nicotine sulfate in a smoker, symptoms resolved by 13 hours even though plasma concentrations of nicotine and cotinine were still at toxic levels (Benowitz et al, 1987).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Long-term use of "smokeless" snuff has been shown to be habituating and to result in gingival recession and a typical white, filmy lesion without elevation from the surrounding oral mucosa (Belonger & Paulson, 1983). This leukoplakia is considered a premalignant lesion (Moore et al, 1986). Oropharyngeal cancer has been reported after chronic use of "smokeless" tobacco.

Tobacco-alcohol amblyopia (thought to be due primarily to CYANIDE in tobacco smoke) has been seen in chronic smokers who also have malnutrition and excessive alcohol consumption. It is characterized by progressive bilateral visual deterioration and loss of color vision (Kermode et al, 1989).

Mild poisonings involving vomiting and diarrhea have occurred frequently from occupational nicotine exposure (ACGIH, 1986).

Hypercholesterolemia may be seen with chronic nicotine use (Dawber et al, 1959) Dousett et al, 1986).

Nicotine sulfate caused positive allergy patch tests in 10 to 28 percent of Japanese farmers (HSDB , 1993).

WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME - Nicotine has addiction potential which might be less than that of cocaine or the opiates (Collins, 1990). Nicotine withdrawal symptoms include nervousness, drowsiness, anxiety, headache, lethargy, sweating, cramps, tremors, palpitations, sleep disturbances, increased appetite, and inability to concentrate.

Smokeless nicotine-containing products can cause withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of use (Hughes et al, 1986). Symptoms are fewer and less severe than those seen with cessation of smoking cigarettes (Hatsukami et al, 1987).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

GENERAL -

If nicotine sulfate has been swallowed and victim is conscious, have victim drink water or milk and induce vomiting. If swallowed and victim is unconscious or having convulsions, do nothing except keep victim warm (CHRIS , 1990).

ORAL EXPOSURE -

Perform gastric lavage with dilute (1:10,000) solution of potassium permanganate or activated charcoal in water or milk (CHRIS , 1990).

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

The skin may be a reservoir for slow release of nicotine into the circulation. Physicians should anticipate this possibility and be prepared to give intensive care for at least 12 to 24 hours (Benowitz et al, 1987).

INHALATION EXPOSURE -

If symptoms of poisoning appear during exposure to an airborne nicotine insecticide, remove the person from the contaminated environment immediately, wash any skin areas that may be contaminated, then transport the victim to the nearest treatment facility. Although mild poisoning may resolve without treatment, it is often difficult to predict the ultimate severity of poisoning at the onset (Morgan, 1989).

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

Nicotine sulfate is classified as super toxic. The probable oral lethal dose in humans is less than 5 milligrams/kilogram (less than 7 drops) for a 70 kilogram (150 pound) person (EPA, 1985).

Five adults who swallowed 20 to 25 grams of nicotine sulfate solution died within one hour (Baselt, 1995).

Mortalities in animal species (mallards, pheasants, coturnix, pigeons) occurred as soon as 6 minutes or as late as 2 days following treatment (HSDB, 1997).
The lethal dose for 18-month-old lambs has been estimated at 0.2 to 0.3 grams. Toxic dose for adult sheep is 0.7 to 1 gram. Poisoning in bulls and heifers from 1 year to 18 months of age occurred at a 1- gram dose level (HSDB, 1997).
An attempt to use 1.2% solution of nicotine sulfate as tsetse-fly repellent by spraying over cattle led to deaths within one hour (HSDB, 1997).
Twenty-one of 32 chicks died when 0.07 milligram/egg nicotine sulfate was administered to chick embryos at stage 11 of development (HSDB, 1997).
Albino rats were unable to survive on diets containing more than 0.05% nicotine sulfate (Wilson & DeEds, 1936).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

ANIMAL DATA

Levels as low as 6 mg/kg produced some symptoms in mallards (HSDB, 1997).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS65-30-5 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS65-30-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: (RTECS, 1997)
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)CAT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS65-30-5 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS65-30-5 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS65-30-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS65-30-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS65-30-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS65-30-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS65-30-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS65-30-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS65-30-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Nicotine sulfate
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 100

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

100/10,000
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS65-30-5 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS65-30-5 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS65-30-5 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Pyridine, 3-[(2S)-1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]-, sulfate (2:1)

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1658 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Nicotine sulfate, solid

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1658
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: IB8, IP2, IP4

IB8: Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, 21H2, 31H1 and 31H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, 21HZ2, 31HZ1 and 31HZ2); Fiberboard (11G); Wooden (11C, 11D and 11F); Flexible (13H1, 13H2, 13H3, 13H4, 13H5, 13L1, 13L2, 13L3, 13L4, 13M1 or 13M2).
IP2: When IBCs other than metal or rigid plastics IBCs are used, they must be offered for transportation in a closed freight container or a closed transport vehicle.
IP4: Flexible, fiberboard or wooden IBCs must be sift-proof and water-resistant or be fitted with a sift-proof and water-resistant liner.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 153
Non-bulk packaging: 212
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 25 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 100 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Nicotine sulfate, solution

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1658
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: IB2, T7, TP2

IB2: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized.
T7: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP2: a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and alpha is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius; and b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions a may be calculated using the formula: [alpha = (d15-d50)/(35 x d50)], where d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) and 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), respectively.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 202
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 5 L
Cargo aircraft only: 60 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 3445 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1658 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Nicotine sulphate, solid
UN Number: 1658
Proper Shipping Name: Nicotine sulphate solution
UN Number: 1658

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN3445 (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS65-30-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Use of positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing are recommended for fire fighting activities and safe handling and use of nicotine sulfate (EPA, 1985).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Use of respiratory protection (positive pressure breathing apparatus) is recommended for fire fighting activities and safe handling and use of nicotine sulfate (EPA, 1985).

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 65-30-5.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (AAR, 1987).
Nicotine sulfate is a combustible material; keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away (AAR, 1987).
When heated to decomposition, nicotine sulfate emits highly toxic organic fumes and fumes of sulfur and nitrogen oxides (EPA, 1985) AAR, 1987).
Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing (EPA, 1985).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS65-30-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS65-30-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Nicotine sulfate is a combustible material; keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away (AAR, 1987).
When heated to decomposition, nicotine sulfate emits highly toxic organic fumes and fumes of sulfur and nitrogen oxides (EPA, 1985) AAR, 1987).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, nicotine sulfate emits highly toxic organic fumes and fumes of sulfur and nitrogen oxides (EPA, 1985) AAR, 1987).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, nicotine sulfate emits highly toxic organic fumes and fumes of sulfur and nitrogen oxides (EPA, 1985) AAR, 1987).

Avoid oxidizing materials (EPA, 1985).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS65-30-5 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS65-30-5 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Nicotine Sulfate
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 4
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 9
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 9
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 9
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS65-30-5 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS65-30-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Environmental releases may have occured through past uses of nicotine sulfate as an insecticide or miticide. Nicotine sulfate is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products as an active ingredient and is considered cancelled. In the U.S., a 40% solution of nicotine sulfate, Black Leaf 40, was the commonly used form. It has also been used as an aphicide on fruit, vegetables, and ornamentals (HSDB, 2003).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- Once released to the environment, nicotine sulfate should behave the same as nicotine (HSDB , 1990).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

Nicotine sulfate is harmful to aquatic life in very low concentrations (CHRIS , 1990).

Aquatic toxicity (CHRIS , 1990):

a. 3-29 ppm/fish/toxic/fresh water/ (for nicotine)/time period not specified
b. LD50/waterfowl toxicity/587 mg/kg (for nicotine)

Ecotoxicity values (HSDB , 1990):

1. LD50 (ORAL) FEMALE PHEASANT, 3-4 MONTH OLD: 1200-2000 mg/kg
2. LD50 (ORAL) MALE COTURNIX, 2 MONTH OLD: 530 mg/kg
3. LD50 (ORAL) MALE PIGEON: >2000 mg/kg

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

422.5 (CHRIS, 1997)

422.56 (EPA, 1985)

418.56 (RTECS, 1997; Lewis, 1996)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Nicotine sulfate is a six-sided non-medicinal tablet or a white to light brown, odorless, crystalline solid. Liquid nicotine sulfate is a colorless, tobacco-odored solution of the crystals (AAR, 1994; CHRIS, 1997).

Nicotine is also available as medicinal gum, trans-dermal patches, and nasal spray and is readily absorbed from the tobacco leaf by agricultural workers and by users of tobacco and snuff.

Physical state at 15 degrees C and 1 ATM: Solid (CHRIS, 1997).

Nicotine sulfate has a burning taste (OHM/TADS, 1997).

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

SOLID: 1.15 (at 20 degrees C) (EPA, 1985) CHRIS, 1997)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Nicotine sulfate is soluble in water (HSDB, 1997).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

It is soluble in alcohol (HSDB, 1997).

-REFERENCES

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Germane (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008j. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480963906&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Ketene (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ee7c&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Magnesium Aluminum Phosphide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2005h. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020c5ed&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Mercury Vapor (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009b. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a8a087&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Methyl Isothiocyanate (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008k. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480963a03&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Methyl Parathion (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008l. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480963a57&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007a. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064802a4985&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents