NAPHTHA
HAZARDTEXT ®
Information to help in the initial response for evaluating chemical incidents
 -IDENTIFICATION
SYNONYMS
140 DEGREE FLASH ALIPHATIC SOLVENT 140 DEGREE FLASH NAPHTHA AMSCO H-J AMSCO H-SB AROMATIC SOLVENT BENZIN BENZIN B70 BENZINE BENZINE PETROLEUM NAPHTHA BENZOLINE BENZYNA DO LAKIEROW C (Polish) CANADOL COAL TAR NAPHTHA CRUDE SOLVENT COAL TAR NAPHTHA FLASH NAPHTHA 140 DEGREES HEAVY NAPHTHA HERBITOX HI FLASH NAPHTHA HI-FLASH NAPHTHA HI FLASH NAPHTHAETHYLEN HIGH-FLASH NAPHTHA HIGH SOLVENT NAPHTHA HYDROFINING HYDROTREATED NAPHTHA LIGHT LIGROIN LIGROIN LIGROINE MINERAL SPIRITS MINERAL SPIRITS NO 10 MINERAL THINNER MINERAL TURPENTINE NAPHTHA NAPHTHA (COAL TAR) NAPHTHA, COAL TAR NAPHTHA, HYDROTREATED NAPHTHA, PETROLEUM NAPHTHA, SOLVENT NAPHTHA, VM AND P PAINTERS' NAPHTHA PETROLEUM BENZIN PETROLEUM BENZINE PETROLEUM-DERIVED NAPHTHA PETROLEUM DISTILLATES (NAPHTHA) PETROLEUM ETHER PETROLEUM NAPHTHA PETROLEUM OIL PETROLEUM SOLVENT REFINED SOLVENT NAPHTHA RUBBER SOLVENT SKELLY-SOLVE F SKELLY-SOLVE H SKELLY-SOLVE R SKELLY-SOLVE S SKELLY-SOLVE S-66 SOLVENT NAPHTHA SOLVENTE DE HULE (NAITA) (Spanish) STODDARD SOLVENT SUPER VMP VARNISH MAKERS' NAPHTHA VARNISH MAKERS' AND PAINTERS' NAPHTHA VARSOL VM&P NAPHTHA WHITE SPIRIT WHITE SPIRITS
IDENTIFIERS
SYNONYM REFERENCE
- (AAR, 2000; Ariel GlobalView, 2001; Bingham et al, 2001; CHRIS, 2002; (IARC, 1998a); Lewis, 1997; Lewis, 2000; NIOSH , 2002; RTECS , 2002; Sittig, 1991)
USES/FORMS/SOURCES
Naphtha (petroleum ether and coal tar) is a source of gasoline, special naphthas, and petroleum chemicals, especially ethylene and acetic acid. It is also used as a petrol/aviation gasoline blending component (Lewis, 1997). Coumarone resins, solvent for asphalts, road tars, pitches, cleansing compositions, process engraving and lithography, and naphtha soaps are common uses for naphtha coal tar and rubber solvent. It is also used to manufacture rubber cements and adhesives, tires, and brake linings (Bingham et al, 2001; Lewis, 1998; Lewis, 1997). This compound is used as a pharmaceutic aid (solvent), as an organic solvent for softening or dissolving rubber, oils, greases, bituminous paints, intaglio inks, paints, lacquers, varnishes and, plastics and for degreasing (Bingham et al, 2001; Budavari, 2000; Lewis, 1998; Sittig, 1991). "Less flammable fractions are used in dry cleaning, and heavy naphthas are used as bases for insecticides" (Lewis, 1998; Sittig, 1991).
Synthetic sources of naphtha are relatively paraffinic and usually unsaturated. "Heavy naphtha intended for use in petrol is generally desulphurised by hydrotreatment and its octane rating improved by reforming" (Ashford, 1994a). Naphtha is made from American coal oil and consists mainly of hexane, pentane, and heptane. The purity varies based on the coal used and the distillation range taken (Budavari, 2000; Lewis, 2000). Coal tar naphtha is derived from a fractional distillation process (Lewis, 1997).
SYNONYM EXPLANATION
- There is much confusion about the synonyms for naphtha. Names and CAS numbers do not always match up between references and some of the physical properties are very different between the synonyms. Only information with the CAS number 8030-30-6 was used in order to keep a narrow approach to the document.
- Originally, the term naphtha designated a colorless, flammable liquid obtained from the ground in Persia. Later it came to be applied to a number of other natural liquid substances having similar properties ((Electric Library, 2002)).
- Naphtha is a general term restricted to a class of volatile, flammable, non-uniform mixtures of hydrocarbons having a boiling range of 30-170 degrees C (Bingham et al, 2001; Petroleum Bazaar , 2002). It represents "refined, partly refined or unrefined petroleum products and liquid products of natural gas, of which not less than 10% distill below 175 degrees C (347 degrees F), and not less than 95% distill below 240 degrees C (464 degrees F)" (Lewis, 1997).
- Petroleum solvents are grouped into 3 categories ((IARC, 1998a)):
Special Boiling Range Solvents, boiling range 30 -160 degrees C White Spirits, boiling range 130-220 degrees C High-Boiling Aromatic Solvents, boiling range 160 - 300 degrees C
- Naphtha, Naphtha 76, and Refined Solvent Naphtha are listed under the Special Boiling-Range Solvent category. These synonyms are ((IARC, 1998a)):
Benzine Canadol Clairsol Essence Exxsol DSP Halpasol High-boiling petroleum ether Hydrolsol Indusol Lacquer diluent Light ligroin Ligroin Naphtha Naphtha 76 Petroleum benzin Petroleum ether Refined solvent naphtha Rubber solvent SBP Shellsol Solfina Special boiling-point solvents Special naphtholite Spezialbenzine Varnish makers' and painters' naphtha VM&P naphtha
- Mineral spirits, ligroine and Stoddard solvent are closely related fractions composed mainly of aliphatic compounds (Bingham et al, 2001).
- Petroleum naphtha is a clear, colorless, highly flammable liquid with a gasoline-like odor and a boiling point in the range of 38 to 93 degrees C. Petroleum source naphtha contains mostly paraffins and olefins, and may contain n-hexane (Tenenbein et al, 1984).
- Coal tar naphtha, and those obtained from petroleum by high-temperature or pressure reforming, can contain substantial amounts of benzene (Schreiner et al, 2000; Tenenbein et al, 1984).
- AAR (2000) uses UN1268, UN1255, and UN1256 in its hazard descriptions (AAR, 2000). Even though UNs are listed in section 1.2.3, a UN number is not listed in section 7.3.2 since IATA (2001) does not list Naphtha by chemical name (IATA, 2001).
-CLINICAL EFFECTS
GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Naptha is toxic by ingestion, inhalation and percutaneous absorption. It is a poison by intravenous injection, procusing dyspnea and respiratory stimulation.
- Naphtha vapor is irritating to the eyes, skin, nose and upper respiratory tract. Inhalation results in headaches, inebriation, ightheadedness, giddiness, drowsiness, fatigue, nausea and central nervous system depression. Dizziness, convulsions and unconsciousness may develop, followed by coma, stentorious breathing and cyanosis.
- No deaths from naphtha overexposure have been reported in humans. However, inhalation of vapors in the absence of oxygen is considered immediately life-threatening.
- Pulmonary aspiration of the liquid may result in severe lipoid pneumonitis. Some people deliberately abusing naphtha by inhalation have developed peripheral neuropathy (which has been linked to the hexane fraction). Chronically exposed painters have developed encephalopathy. Kidney damage has been described in exposed laboratory animals, but not in humans.
- Acutely, contact with the skin produces irritation with 'chapping' and photosensitivity possible after repeated contact. Burns are possible if close contact is prolonged by confinement against the skin (as by wet clothing). Chronic dermal exposure to the liquid can cause irritation and dermatitis.
- POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Absorption through the lungs is the main route of toxic exposure (Baxter et al, 2000). Pulmonary aspiration of liquid naphtha with ingestion can cause fatal chemical pneumonitis, although its high volatility makes this risk relatively low (HSDB , 2001; Lewis, 1998). Intravenous naptha is a poison, producing dyspnea and respiratory stimulation (Lewis, 2000).
- Naphtha is considered a central nervous system depressant (Lewis, 1998). Symptoms of naphtha exposure include nausea, vomiting, headache, difficulty breathing, giddiness, vertigo, and unconsciousness, followed by coma, stentorious breating and cyanosis (Baxter et al, 2000; Lewis, 1998; Lewis, 2000; Sittig, 1991).
Mild intoxication may resemble drunkenness (Lewis, 2000). Dizziness, convulsions and loss of consciousness result from severe exposure (Lewis, 1998; Sittig, 1991). Gross overexposure can rapidly produce stupor and unconsciousness (Baxter et al, 2000).
- Naphtha is a mild eye, nose and respiratory tract irritant, and can cause chapping of the skin (Bingham et al, 2001; Baxter et al, 2000; Lewis, 1998). Inhalation of airborne concentrations of up to 400 ppm for 7 hours produced eye, nose and throat irritation and rhinorrhea in human volunteers (Cohr, 1980). Symptoms of central nervous system depression, such as headache, giddiness and fatigue, were also noted, with painters seeming more sensitive than students.
Other symptoms of central nervous system depression seen with naphtha exposure are loss of coordination and judgement, and coma. Death from acute naphtha overexposure has not been reported in humans. No peripheral nervous system effects were found due to acute naphtha exposure. Reduced attention span and manual dexterity were seen in students, but not in painters, in one volunteer exposure study (Cohr, 1980).
- Reversible acute tubular necrosis, along with CNS effects, were seen in a mechanic upon separate high acute exposures to 99 percent pure petroleum naphtha (Landry & Langlois, 1998).
- Petroleum benzine produced pain, chemosis, corneal clouding, exopthalmos and motion limitation when accidentally injected subconjunctivally in a human patient (Grant & Schuman, 1993). Coal-derived naphtha was an eye irritant in rabbits (McKee, 1984).
CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Chronic exposure to naphtha results in headache, nausea, indigestion, anorexia, dizziness and insomnia (Lewis, 2000). Tolerance may develop with chronic exposure (Petrovic, 1984). Hematopoietic and myocardial effects have also been reported from chronic exposure to some naphthas (Bingham et al, 2001).
- Naphtha is a substance of deliberate inhalational abuse in humans, some of whom have developed signs and symptoms of PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY (Tenenbein et al, 1984).
- PAINTERS can have substantial chronic exposure to naphtha, which is used as a solvent for alkyd paints; an estimated lifetime dose amongst painters is approximately 12 kg (Riala, 1984). Memory loss, both short-term and long-term, has been noted in painters with chronic exposure to a variety of solvents (Cohr, 1980).
- Occupational exposure to petroleum distillate solvents (mineral spirits, including naphtha and related products), was asssociated with increased risk for undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) in a case-control study of 205 women and 2,258 controls. UCTD refers to rheumatic disease confirmed by at least two diagnostic signs, but which does not fit the criteria of defined connective tissue disease (Lacey et al, 1999).
- Exposure to Stoddard solvent, a related petroleum distillate, produces DEFATTING DERMATITIS with drying and scaling of the skin (Bingham et al, 2001).
- Naphthas have produced kidney damage in male rats with repeated exposure both orally (Halder, 1985) and by inhalation (Phillips & Egan, 1984; Halder, 1984). Naphtha components that seem to cause kidney damage are paraffins and olefins (Halder, 1984).
- Rats exposed to white spirit at airborne levels of 0, 400 or 800 ppm for 6 months had irreversible changes of neurotransmitter levels in the brain. There were no neurobehavioral or pathological effects, however (Ostergaard et al, 1993).
- Long-lasting neurophysiological changes were seen in rats exposed to naphtha (termed organic solvent dearomatized white spirit) at levels of 0, 400 and 800 ppm for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 6 months. Changes were seen in sensory evoked potentials, and motor activity was decreased when the animals were tested up to 6 months after the end of exposure (Lund et al, 1996).
- Thirteen-week subchronic inhalation exposure of mice and rats to light catalytically cracked naphtha at concentrations up to 7,690 mg/m(3) produced no clinical, laboratory, or histopathological changes except marginal changes in sperm production and an increase in the number of fetal resorptions at the highest dose (Dalbey & Feuston, 1996).
- Partially vaporized full range catalytic reformed naphtha produced marginal increases in liver and kidney weights in male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed by inhalation to vapor concentrations as high as 8,050 mg/m(3) for 13 weeks. This product contained hydrocarbons in the C4 through C12 range, with isoparaffins and aromatics, and possibly 10 percent benzenes, but was only partially vaporized for exposure, to mimic conditions of human exposure (Dalbey & Feuston, 1996).
- Increased kidney weights and microscopic hyaline droplet formation occurred in male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to 7,500 ppm of a light catalytic reformed naphtha distillate for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks. This condition is called light hydrocarbon nephropathy, and is thought not to be important for humans. Slightly increased activity counts were seen in the high-dose males, but other neurobehavioral tests were unaffected (Schreiner et al, 2000).
-MEDICAL TREATMENT
LIFE SUPPORT
- Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.
SUMMARY
- FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Wash skin with soap and water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
FIRST AID EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles), as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), should be used when working with this chemical. Face shields should only be worn over primary eye protection. DERMAL EXPOSURE - Promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly. INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, liver and kidneys (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007; Chemsoft(R) , 2000).
GENERAL - Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water. Because of the potential for rapid onset of CNS depression or seizures with possible aspiration of gastric contents, EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED. Cautious gastric lavage followed by administration of activated charcoal may be of benefit if the patient is seen soon after the exposure.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm. ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.
DERMAL EXPOSURE - DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999). Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.
EYE EXPOSURE - DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
ORAL EXPOSURE - Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation and central nervous system depression, DO NOT induce emesis. Significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns may occur following ingestion. The possible benefit of early removal of some ingested material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed against potential complications of bleeding or perforation. ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old. Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.
-RANGE OF TOXICITY
MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE
MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE
Dermal exposure to undiluted naphtha for 30 minutes caused disruption of the horny layer and peeling. Exposure to undiluted naphtha for 60 minutes caused erythema, hyperemia, swelling, and pigmentation (Clayton & Clayton, 1981). Inhalation of saturated naphtha caused cerebral edema. Inhalation of 445 to 1,250 ppm caused blurred vision, cold sensation in extremities, fatigubility and headache, with fatty degeneration of muscle fibers, demyelination and mild axonal degeneration (Clayton & Clayton, 1981). Volunteers exposed to an airborne concentration of 400 ppm for 7 hours complained of eye, nose, and throat irritation and rhinorrhea (Cohn et al, 1980). There are no well-documented reports of industrial injury resulting from the inhalation of coal tar naphtha. However, severe exposure is expected to cause light-headedness, drowsiness, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat (Proctor et al, 1988).
Rats exposed to airborne concentrations of 400 and 800 ppm for 6 months developed irreversible alterations in brain neurotransmitter levels (Ostergaard et al, 1993). Long-lasting neuropsychological changes were observed in rats exposed to an airborne concentration of 800 ppm, 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 6 months (Lund et al, 1996).
- Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS8030-30-6 :
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Petroleum distillates (naphtha) NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Naphtha (coal tar) MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed
TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES
- EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS8030-30-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):
(CHRIS, 2002a; CHRIS, 2002b; RTECS, 1998 RTECS, 2002
CALCULATIONS
-STANDARDS AND LABELS
WORKPLACE STANDARDS
- ACGIH TLV Values for CAS8030-30-6 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):
- AIHA WEEL Values for CAS8030-30-6 (AIHA, 2006):
- NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS8030-30-6 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
- OSHA PEL Values for CAS8030-30-6 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):
- OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS8030-30-6 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS8030-30-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS8030-30-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS8030-30-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):
- EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS8030-30-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS8030-30-6 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):
- DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS8030-30-6 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):
- EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS8030-30-6 (EPA, 2005):
SHIPPING REGULATIONS
- DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1270 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):
Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Petroleum oil Symbol(s): D D: identifies proper shipping names which are appropriate for describing materials for domestic transportation but may be inappropriate for international transportation under the provisions of international regulations (e.g., IMO, ICAO). An alternate proper shipping name may be selected when either domestic or international transportation is involved.
Hazard class or Division: 3 Identification Number: NA1270 Packing Group: I Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3 Special Provisions: 144, T11, TP1 144: If transported as a residue in an underground storage tank (UST), as defined in 40 CFR 180.12, that has been cleaned and purged or rendered inert according to the American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 1604 (IBR, see sxn. 171.7 of this subchapter), then the tank and this material are not subject to any other requirements of this subchapter. However, sediments remaining in the tank that meet the definition for a hazardous material are subject to the applicable regulations of this subchapter. T11: Minimum test pressure (bar): 6; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3). TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.
Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***): Exceptions: None Non-bulk packaging: 201 Bulk packaging: 243
Quantity Limitations: Vessel Stowage Requirements:
Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Petroleum oil Symbol(s): Not Listed Hazard class or Division: 3 Identification Number: NA1270 Packing Group: II Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3 Special Provisions: 144, IB2, T7, TP1, TP8, TP28 144: If transported as a residue in an underground storage tank (UST), as defined in 40 CFR 180.12, that has been cleaned and purged or rendered inert according to the American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 1604 (IBR, see sxn. 171.7 of this subchapter), then the tank and this material are not subject to any other requirements of this subchapter. However, sediments remaining in the tank that meet the definition for a hazardous material are subject to the applicable regulations of this subchapter. IB2: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized. T7: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3). TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling. TP8: A portable tank having a minimum test pressure of 1.5 bar (150 kPa) may be used when the flash point of the hazardous material transported is greater than 0 °C (32 °F). TP28: A portable tank having a minimum test pressure of 2.65 bar (265 kPa) may be used provided the calculated test pressure is 2.65 bar or less based on the MAWP of the hazardous material, as defined in sxn. 178.275 of this subchapter, where the test pressure is 1.5 times the MAWP.
Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***): Exceptions: 150 Non-bulk packaging: 202 Bulk packaging: 242
Quantity Limitations: Vessel Stowage Requirements:
Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Petroleum oil Symbol(s): Not Listed Hazard class or Division: 3 Identification Number: NA1270 Packing Group: III Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3 Special Provisions: 144, B1, IB3, T4, TP1, TP29 144: If transported as a residue in an underground storage tank (UST), as defined in 40 CFR 180.12, that has been cleaned and purged or rendered inert according to the American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 1604 (IBR, see sxn. 171.7 of this subchapter), then the tank and this material are not subject to any other requirements of this subchapter. However, sediments remaining in the tank that meet the definition for a hazardous material are subject to the applicable regulations of this subchapter. B1: If the material has a flash point at or above 38 °C (100 °F) and below 93 °C (200 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.241 of this subchapter are applicable. If the material has a flash point of less than 38 °C (100 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.242 of this subchapter are applicable. IB3: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1 and 31HA2, 31HB2, 31HN2, 31HD2 and 31HH2). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130 kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized, except for UN2672 (also see Special Provision IP8 in Table 3 for UN2672). T4: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3). TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling. TP29: A portable tank having a minimum test pressure of 1.5 bar (150.0 kPa) may be used provided the calculated test pressure is 1.5 bar or less based on the MAWP of the hazardous materials, as defined in sxn. 178.275 of this subchapter, where the test pressure is 1.5 times the MAWP.
Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***): Exceptions: 150 Non-bulk packaging: 203 Bulk packaging: 242
Quantity Limitations: Vessel Stowage Requirements:
- DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1268 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):
Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Petroleum distillates, n.o.s. or Petroleum products, n.o.s Symbol(s): Not Listed Hazard class or Division: 3 Identification Number: UN1268 Packing Group: III Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3 Special Provisions: 144, B1, IB3, T4, TP1, TP29 144: If transported as a residue in an underground storage tank (UST), as defined in 40 CFR 180.12, that has been cleaned and purged or rendered inert according to the American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 1604 (IBR, see sxn. 171.7 of this subchapter), then the tank and this material are not subject to any other requirements of this subchapter. However, sediments remaining in the tank that meet the definition for a hazardous material are subject to the applicable regulations of this subchapter. B1: If the material has a flash point at or above 38 °C (100 °F) and below 93 °C (200 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.241 of this subchapter are applicable. If the material has a flash point of less than 38 °C (100 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.242 of this subchapter are applicable. IB3: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1 and 31HA2, 31HB2, 31HN2, 31HD2 and 31HH2). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130 kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized, except for UN2672 (also see Special Provision IP8 in Table 3 for UN2672). T4: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3). TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling. TP29: A portable tank having a minimum test pressure of 1.5 bar (150.0 kPa) may be used provided the calculated test pressure is 1.5 bar or less based on the MAWP of the hazardous materials, as defined in sxn. 178.275 of this subchapter, where the test pressure is 1.5 times the MAWP.
Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***): Exceptions: 150 Non-bulk packaging: 203 Bulk packaging: 242
Quantity Limitations: Vessel Stowage Requirements:
Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Petroleum distillates, n.o.s. or Petroleum products, n.o.s Symbol(s): Not Listed Hazard class or Division: 3 Identification Number: UN1268 Packing Group: I Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3 Special Provisions: 144, T11, TP1, TP8 144: If transported as a residue in an underground storage tank (UST), as defined in 40 CFR 180.12, that has been cleaned and purged or rendered inert according to the American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 1604 (IBR, see sxn. 171.7 of this subchapter), then the tank and this material are not subject to any other requirements of this subchapter. However, sediments remaining in the tank that meet the definition for a hazardous material are subject to the applicable regulations of this subchapter. T11: Minimum test pressure (bar): 6; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3). TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling. TP8: A portable tank having a minimum test pressure of 1.5 bar (150 kPa) may be used when the flash point of the hazardous material transported is greater than 0 °C (32 °F).
Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***): Exceptions: 150 Non-bulk packaging: 201 Bulk packaging: 243
Quantity Limitations: Vessel Stowage Requirements:
Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Petroleum distillates, n.o.s. or Petroleum products, n.o.s Symbol(s): Not Listed Hazard class or Division: 3 Identification Number: UN1268 Packing Group: II Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3 Special Provisions: 144, IB2, T7, TP1, TP8, TP28 144: If transported as a residue in an underground storage tank (UST), as defined in 40 CFR 180.12, that has been cleaned and purged or rendered inert according to the American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 1604 (IBR, see sxn. 171.7 of this subchapter), then the tank and this material are not subject to any other requirements of this subchapter. However, sediments remaining in the tank that meet the definition for a hazardous material are subject to the applicable regulations of this subchapter. IB2: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized. T7: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3). TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling. TP8: A portable tank having a minimum test pressure of 1.5 bar (150 kPa) may be used when the flash point of the hazardous material transported is greater than 0 °C (32 °F). TP28: A portable tank having a minimum test pressure of 2.65 bar (265 kPa) may be used provided the calculated test pressure is 2.65 bar or less based on the MAWP of the hazardous material, as defined in sxn. 178.275 of this subchapter, where the test pressure is 1.5 times the MAWP.
Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***): Exceptions: 150 Non-bulk packaging: 202 Bulk packaging: 242
Quantity Limitations: Vessel Stowage Requirements:
- ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1270 (ICAO, 2002):
- ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1268 (ICAO, 2002):
Proper Shipping Name: Petroleum distillates, n.o.s. UN Number: 1268 Proper Shipping Name: Petroleum products, n.o.s. UN Number: 1268
LABELS
- NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS8030-30-6 (NFPA, 2002):
-HANDLING AND STORAGE
SUMMARY
This highly flammable liquid should be stored in tightly closed containers and stored away from fire in a cool, well-ventilated place. Only non-sparking tools and equipment should be used, especially when opening and closing containers of this compound. Ignition sources should be prohibited where naphtha is handled, used, or stored. Explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings should be used wherever naphtha is used, handled, stored, or manufactured (Budavari, 2000; Lewis, 2000; Sittig, 1991).
HANDLING
- Workers should not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate protective clothing (AAR, 2000).
- Smoking and open flames are prohibited where naphtha is handled, used, and stored (Sittig, 1991).
- Avoid contact with the liquid and inhaling the vapors (CHRIS, 2002a; CHRIS, 2002b).
- Petroleum and coal tar naphtha are stable during transport (CHRIS, 2002a; CHRIS, 2002b).
STORAGE
Keep containers tightly closed in a cool, well-ventilated place (ITI, 1995; Lewis, 2000; Sittig, 1991). Five gallon and larger metal containers should be grounded and bonded for transfering naphtha (Sittig, 1991). Equip drums with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Only non-sparking tools and equipment should be used, especially when opening and closing containers (Sittig, 1991).
- ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS
This compound should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated place in tightly closed containers away from fire or other sources of ignition and heat (Budavari, 2000; Lewis, 2000; Sittig, 1991). Use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings where naphtha is manufactured, handled, and stored (Sittig, 1991).
Violent reactions occur when naphtha is in contact with strong oxidizers (e.g, chlorine, bromine, and fluorine) and nitric acid (Lewis, 2000; NIOSH , 2002; Pohanish & Greene, 1997; Sittig, 1991). Naphtha attacks some plastics, coatings, and rubber (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
-PERSONAL PROTECTION
SUMMARY
- RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- Workers should wear appropriate protective clothing and eye protection to prevent repeated or prolonged contact with this compound. Immediately wash contaminated skin areas with copious amounts of soap and water and remove and isolate contaminated clothing to eliminate the flammability hazard (petroleum naphtha). Prolonged exposure to coal tar naphtha may cause the skin to smart and redden (AAR, 2000; CHRIS, 2002a; CHRIS, 2002b; (NIOSH , 2002; Sittig, 1991).
- AAR (2000) recommends before leaving the work site, workers should remove any contaminated clothing and shoes; however, NIOSH (2002) does not make any recommendations to workers to change clothing at the end of their shift.
EYE/FACE PROTECTION
- Goggles and face-shields, as used for gasoline, are recommended for petroleum naphtha. Coal tar naphtha recommends using a hydrocarbon vapor canister or air pack in addition to goggles and a face-shield (CHRIS, 2002a; CHRIS, 2002b).
- NIOSH (2002) states contact lenses should not be worn when handling coal tar naphtha.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
- Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.
- Avoid breathing the vapors. Coal tar naphtha is irritating to the eyes, nose and throat and petroleum naphtha vapors may have intoxicating effects (CHRIS, 2002a; CHRIS, 2002b).
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
- CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 8030-30-6.
-PHYSICAL HAZARDS
FIRE HAZARD
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004) HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substance may be transported hot. If molten aluminum is involved, refer to GUIDE 169.
Naphtha (petroleum ether) is flammable when exposed to heat or flame, and is considered a dangerous fire risk. It also can react with oxidizing materials (Lewis, 2000; Lewis, 1997). Naptha (coal tar) poses a moderate fire risk (Lewis, 1997). Flashback along a vapor trail is possible (CHRIS, 2002a). Do not attempt to extinguish fires involving naphtha unless the flow can be stopped. Water, in flooding quantities, should be applied (from as far a distance as possible) as a fog because solid streams of water are ineffective. Water spray may be employed to cool fire-exposed containers (AAR, 2000; CHRIS, 2002a; CHRIS, 2002b; (ITI, 1995; NFPA, 1997; Sittig, 1991).
- FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION
- NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS8030-30-6 (NFPA, 2002):
- INITIATING OR CONTRIBUTING PROPERTIES
A contributing factor to naphtha's flammability is the low flash point. Naphtha V.M.&P., 50 degrees Flash has a flash point of 10 degrees C (50 degrees F) and Naphtha V.M.&P., Regular has a flash point of -2 degrees C (28 degrees F); however, the flash point and ignition temperature may vary depending on the composition and manufacturer (NFPA, 1997).
- FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
- FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing a high percentage of an alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.
- SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
Water spray, fog or regular foam. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
- TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.
- NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS8030-30-6 (NFPA, 2002):
- To fight fires involving this compound, use foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical. Water may be ineffective in extinguishing fires but can be used to cool containers (AAR, 2000; CHIRS, 2002a; CHRIS, 2002b; (Lewis, 2000; Sittig, 1991).
EXPLOSION HAZARD
- This compound is considered a slight explosion hazard (Lewis, 2000).
- Naphtha (petroleum) vapors may explode if ignited in an enclosed area (CHRIS, 2002a; (Budavari, 2000).
- Explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings should be used wherever naphtha is used, handled, stored, or manufactured (Sittig, 1991).
DUST/VAPOR HAZARD
- Vapors from this compound are flammable and may explode if ignited (Budavari, 2000) CHRIS, 2002a).
- Naphtha vapors, being heavier than air, may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. These accumulated vapors may also explode if ignited in an enclosed area (AAR, 2000; CHRIS, 2002a).
- Naphtha (coal tar) vapors are irritating the eyes, nose, and throat; inhaling concentrated vapors may have an intoxicating effect. Dizziness, headache, difficulty breathing or loss of consciousness may occur (CHRIS, 2002b; (Lewis, 2000).
- Naphtha (petroleum) vapors are not very irritating to the eyes and throat (CHRIS, 2002a).
REACTIVITY HAZARD
- Naphtha vapors form an explosive mixture with air (Budavari, 2000; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
- Naphtha may have violent reactions with strong oxidizers (e.g., chlorine, fluoRine, and bromine) and nitric acid (Lewis, 2000; Pohanish & Greene, 1997; Sittig, 1991).
- Naphtha attacks some plastics, coatings, and rubber (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
- Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
- LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
- PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number: MEXICO: SETIQ: 01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.
CENACOM: 01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.
ARGENTINA: CIQUIME: 0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina; For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.
BRAZIL: PRÓ-QUÍMICA: 0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil); For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).
COLUMBIA: CISPROQUIM: 01-800-091-6012 in Colombia; For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.
CANADA: UNITED STATES:
For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.
- Keep upwind and avoid breathing the vapors (AAR, 2000).
- AIHA ERPG Values for CAS8030-30-6 (AIHA, 2006):
- DOE TEEL Values for CAS8030-30-6 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):
Listed as Naphtha (coal tar) TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 100 TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 350 TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 1000 TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 1,000 Definitions: TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects. TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure. TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape. TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.
- AEGL Values for CAS8030-30-6 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):
- NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS8030-30-6 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
IDLH: 1000 ppm Note(s): [10%LEL]
CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS
SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004) ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004) Persons not wearing proper protective equipment should be restricted from area of leak or spill until cleanup is complete. Keep persons upwind and avoid contact with naphtha coal tar vapors and liquid. Use water spray to control vapors. All ignition sources should be removed and the area should be ventilated. Protect the water intakes and sewers, building dikes if necessary. Stop the leak if it can be done without undue risk. Notify local health and pollution control authorities (AAR, 2000; CHRIS, 2002a; CHRIS, 2002b; (Sittig, 1991).
LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004) Stop land spills or leaks if it can be done without undue risk. Dig a pit, pond, or a holding area can contain the spill. If it is necessary to dike surface flow, use sand bags, foamed polyurethane, soil, or foamed concrete (AAR, 2000). Bulk liquids can be absorbed with fly ash, vermiculite, dry sand, earth, commercial sorbents, or cement powder and sealed in containers for disposal (AAR, 2000; (Sittig, 1991). Keep spills out of water intake and confined areas, such as a sewer, unless the sewer design prevents the build-up of vapors and explosive concentrations (CHRIS, 2002a; CHRIS, 2002b; (Sittig, 1991). Use water spray to knock down vapors for high concentrations of vapors (AAR, 2000).
Naphtha spilled on the water can be recovered by skimming the surface (CHRIS, 2002a; CHRIS, 2002b). Natural barriers and oil spill control booms can be used to control the spill travel in water; remove the spill with suction hoses. If there are precipitates and immobilized masses of pollutants, mechanical dredges or lifts can be used (AAR, 2000). Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.
Naphtha (petroleum) may be absorbed or disposed of by incineration or via a licensed solvent disposal company. Incineration is recommended for naphtha (coal tar) (CHRIS, 2002a; CHRIS, 2002b; (Sittig, 1991).
-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT
POLLUTION HAZARD
- No information found at the time of this review.
ABIOTIC DEGRADATION
- No information found at the time of this review.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY
- If naphtha is released into water, it may cause shoreline fouling and may be dangerous if it enters water intakes. Local health and wildlife officials and operators of nearby water intakes should be notified of any release of this compound (CHRIS, 2002a; CHIRS, 2002b).
- No information is available on aquatic life exposed to naptha (petroleum and coal tar) at low concentrations (CHRIS, 2002a; CHRIS, 2002b).
-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE
- Naphtha has been described in various colors: clear and colorless, colorless to dark brown, colorless to pale yellow; dark straw-colored to colorless, and reddish brown (AAR, 2000; (Budavari, 2000) CHRIS, 2002a; CHRIS, 2002b; (Lewis, 2000; NIOSH , 2002).
- It is non-fluorescent, highly flammable, volatile liquid that does not solidify in the cold. It also has a gasoline-like odor and floats on water (Budavari, 2000) CHRIS, 2002a; CHRIS, 2002b).
- Naphtha is a general term restricted to a class of colorless, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixtures having a boiling range of 30-170 (Petroleum Bazaar 2002). It represents "refined, partly refined or unrefined petroleum products and liquid products of natural gas, of which not less than 10% distill below 175 degrees C (347 degrees F), and not less than 95% distill below 240 degrees C (464 degrees F)" (Lewis, 1997).
VAPOR PRESSURE
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
- OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE
0.74 (at 20 degrees C) (petroleum naphtha) (CHRIS, 2002a) 0.86-0.88 (at 20 degrees C) (coal tar) (CHRIS, 2002b)
- TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED
0.89-0.97 (NIOSH , 2002) 0.6 (ITI, 1995) <1 (V.M.&P., 50 degrees Flash and Regular) (NFPA, 1997) 0.862-0.892 g/mL (Lewis, 2000) 0.885-0.970 g/mL (Coal Tar) (Lewis, 1997)
DENSITY
- OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE
- TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED
0.6 g/mL (Petroleum Ether) (Lewis, 1997; NFPA, 1994) 0.625-0.660 g/mL (Budavari, 2000) approximately 6.1-6.3 lbs/gal (AAR, 2000)
FREEZING/MELTING POINT
BOILING POINT
- 30-60 degrees C (Petroleum Ether) (Lewis, 1997)
- 35-80 degrees C (Budavari, 2000)
- 85-150 degrees C (Ashford, 1994)
- 93-260 degrees C; 200-500 degrees F; 366-533 K (coal tar naphtha) (CHRIS, 2002b)
- 97.2 degrees C; 207 degrees F; 370.4 K (petroleum naphtha) (CHRIS, 2002a)
- 100-160 degrees C; 212-320 degrees F (V.M.&P., Regular) (NFPA, 1997)
- 116-143 degrees C; 240-290 degrees F (V.M.&P., 50 degrees Flash) (NFPA, 1997)
- 149-216 degrees C (Lewis, 2000)
- 160-220 degrees C (approximately 90% at 200 degrees C) (Coal Tar) (Lewis, 1997)
- 320-428 degrees F (NIOSH , 2002)
FLASH POINT
- approximately -40 degrees C (Budavari, 2000)
- -2 degrees C; 28 degrees F (closed cup) (V.M.&P., Regular) (NFPA, 1997)
- 10 degrees C; 50 degrees F (closed cup) (V.M.&P. 50 degrees Flash) (NFPA, 1997)
- 37.7 degrees C; 100 degrees F (Coal Tar) (Lewis, 1997)
- 38 degrees C; 100 degrees F (Pohanish & Greene, 1997)
- 42 degrees C; 107 degrees F (closed cup) (49 degrees Be-Coal Tar Type) (NFPA, 1997)
- -50 degrees C; -57 degrees F (petroleum ether) (Lewis, 1997)
- 20 degrees F (closed cup) (petroleum naphtha) (CHRIS, 2002a)
- 100-109 degrees F (NIOSH , 2002)
- 107 degrees F (closed cup) (coal tar naphtha) (CHRIS, 2002b; (Lewis, 2000)
- below 141 degrees F (AAR, 2000)
- below 200 degrees F (AAR, 2000)
AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE
- 232 degrees C; 450 degrees F (V.M.&P., 50 degrees Flash and Regular) (NFPA, 1997)
- 277 degrees C; 531 degrees F (49 degrees Be-Coal Tar Type) (Lewis, 2000; NFPA, 1997)
- 287 degrees C; 550 degrees F (petroleum ether) (Lewis, 1997)
- approximately 450 degrees F (petroleum naphtha) (CHRIS, 2002a)
- 900-950 degrees F (coal tar naphtha) (CHRIS, 2002b)
EXPLOSIVE LIMITS
0.9% (V.M.&P., 50 degrees Flash and Regular, and petroleum naphthas) (CHRIS, 2002a; (NFPA, 1997) 1% (Petroleum Ether) (Lewis, 1997)
6.7% (V.M.&P., 50 degrees Flash) (NFPA, 1997) 6% (Petroleum Ether and V.M&P., Regular, and petroleum naphthas) (CHRIS, 2002a; (Lewis, 1997; NFPA, 1997)
SOLUBILITY
Naphtha is insoluble in water (49 degrees Be-Coal Tar Type, V.M.&P. 50 degrees Flash, and Regular) (AAR, 2000; (Budavari, 2000; NFPA, 1997; NIOSH , 2002).
Naphtha is miscible with absolute alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride and oils (except castor oil) (Budavari, 2000). It is soluble in benzene, xylene, and toluene (Lewis, 2000).
OTHER/PHYSICAL
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