MTBE

MTBE is used almost exclusively as a blending compound or octane-enhancing agent in gasoline; typical concentrations in gasoline range from 5% to 8% by volume, but there may be as much as 15%. It has also been used as a chromatographic eluent for liquid and thin-layer chromatographic procedures. Since it is an excellent cholesterol-solubilizing agent, it has been used to dissolve cholesterol gallstones via a thistle catheter (ACGIH, 1996; Budavari, 1996; Leuschner et al, 1988; Lewis, 1993).

SOURCES

MTBE is produced through ether formation (raffinate I + methanol, or isobutylene + methanol) and by the reaction of t-butanol + methanol (Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1993).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Nausea, vomiting, vertigo, and sedation were observed in humans during MTBE gallbladder installation for gallstone dissolution. Similar effects including vomiting, incoordination, and sedation were seen in animal oral exposure studies. General anesthesia (CNS and respiratory depression) may also occur. Liver function test abnormalities have been seen in experimental animals following intraductal administration, possibly due to mechanical effects. Mild, transient increases in liver transaminase enzymes have been reported in humans following transhepatic instillation of MTBE into the gallbladder to dissolve gallstones.

Aspiration of gasoline-MTBE mixtures following ingestion may result in chemical pneumonitis.

Workers exposed to MTBE in ambient air have complained of headache, nausea, nasal congestion, and eye irritation. Inhalation of MTBE produces anesthesia, eye irritation, irregular respirations, incoordination, and prostration in experimental animals. In acute gavage studies in experimental animals, death was preceded by marked CNS depression, ataxia, tremors, labored breathing, and loss of righting reflexes.

Although MTBE has been shown to be metabolized to methanol and formic acid in experimental animal models, methanol or formic acid have only been detected in trace quantities in humans treated with MTBE for gallstone dissolution.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a mild eye irritant, but otherwise is not very toxic in acute exposure (HSDB, 1996). MTBE was not irritating to healthy volunteers at airborne concentrations as high as 50 ppm (Johanson et al, 1995) ACGIH, 1996a; (Nihlen et al, 1998).

Operating-room and radiology personnel complained of headache, nausea, nasal congestion, and eye irritation when MTBE was being instilled to dissolve gallstones (ACGIH, 1996a; (IPCS, 1998).

Acute inhalation of gasoline vapor containing MTBE has been reported to cause dizziness, intense headaches, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, cough, sleepiness, muscle aches, disorientation, and irritation of the skin and eyes in both workers and consumers (Mehlman, 1996).

Oral and inhalation exposures of high doses of MTBE have caused rapid anesthesia. Drowsiness, ataxia, hypoactivity and loss of righting reflex have occurred with lower concentrations (Bingham et al, 2001)

In rats, MTBE is metabolized to t-butanol and methanol. The latter is converted to formic acid and formaldehyde (ACGIH, 1996a). In rats exposed to 800, 4,000, or 8,000 ppm of MTBE by inhalation for 6 hours, transient functional neurological changes were noted at 4,000 and 8,000 ppm at 1 hour, but resolved by 6 hours after exposure (Daughtrey at al, 1997).

MTBE was rapidly absorbed after oral and inhalation exposure in rats, but absorption after dermal exposure was low. The elimination half-life was 0.5 hr by all routes of exposure for exhalation and metabolism to t-butyl alcohol. The main urinary metabolites were 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol and alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid (Miller et al, 1997).

Cytochrome CYP2B1 showed the greatest activity toward demethylation of MTBE in rats, with some activity contributed by CYP2E1; formaldehyde is the end product of MTBE oxidation (Turini et al, 1998).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

MTBE was absorbed by the inhalation route in rats in a subchronic study; it was metabolized to t-butanol (Savolainen et al, 1985).

In rats, a 6 hour per day, 5 day per week, 13 week inhalation exposure produced weight loss at 8000 ppm, but no persistent abnormalities of central or peripheral nervous system histopathology were seen (Daughtrey et al, 1997). No effects were noted at 800 and 4000 ppm in the same study.

In a similar study, inhalation exposure to 4000 to 8000 ppm resulted in mild changes in clinical chemistry; increased liver, adrenal, and kidney weight; and hyaline droplets in renal cells in male animals were also found (Lington et al, 1997).

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

EMESIS/NOT RECOMMENDED -

Induction of emesis is NOT recommended for ingestion of pure MTBE due to the potential for pulmonary aspiration and resultant chemical pneumonitis (Tech Info, 1979).

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL -

MTBE is poorly adsorbed to activated charcoal, and its risks therefore outweigh its utility unless co-ingestants are suspected (Garrett et al, 1986).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

GENERAL -

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water. Because of the potential for rapid onset of CNS depression or seizures with possible aspiration of gastric contents, EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED. Cautious gastric lavage followed by administration of activated charcoal may be of benefit if the patient is seen soon after the exposure.

INHALATION EXPOSURE -

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If respiratory tract irritation or respiratory depression is evident, monitor arterial blood gases, chest x-ray, and pulmonary function tests.
Pulse oximetry may be used instead of arterial blood gases for hypoxia monitoring.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

EYE EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE -

Because of the potential for CNS depression, DO NOT induce emesis.
Carefully observe patients with ingestion exposure for the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.
Patients should be monitored for respiratory depression and apnea.
Activated charcoal is not recommended since it absorbs MTBE poorly.
Significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns may occur following ingestion. The possible benefit of early removal of some ingested material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed against potential complications of bleeding or perforation.
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

In a series of controlled human chamber studies, 37 healthy, nonsmoking people (19 females) ranging in age from 18 to 35 were exposed to an airborne concentration of 5 mg/m(3) of MTBE for 1 hour. No headaches, nasal irritation, or eye irritation or inflammation were reported, nor did this exposure affect performance on a battery of neurobehavioral tests (ACGIH, 1996).

The majority of human data relates to the use of MTBE to dissolve cholesterol gallstones in vivo. Side effects are reported in 10 to 100 percent of MTBE treated patients. Typical complaints include: nausea, vertigo, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort; these can be controlled by adjusting or discontinuing the treatment. Overflow of MTBE out of the gallbladder and into the GI tract is associated with sedation, the odor of MTBE on the breath, and burning upper abdominal and back pain (ACGIH, 1996).

Pronounced sedation was observed in a 67-year-old woman who received 140 mL of MTBE by the intraductal route for dissolution of gallstones (Teplick et al, 1987). Heavy sedation was also reported in a 70-year-old woman who received 2 to 5 mL by this route every 30 minutes for 15 hours (vanSonnenberg et al, 1986). In both of these cases, residual instilled MTBE was aspirated prior to the next dose.

In dog studies, 80 to 90 percent of instilled MTBE was recovered by aspiration (Allen et al, 1985b). In human studies, approximately 30 to 36 percent of the total amount given was retrieved by aspiration (DiPadova et al, 1986).

Somnolence was noted in a 67-year-old man who received 11 mL over 6 hours (4 mL was aspirated back and retrieved), in a 82-year-old woman who received 8 mL over 3 hours (2 mL retrieved), and in a 74-year-old woman who received 22 mL (8 mL retrieved) (DiPadova et al, 1986).

Occupational exposure to MTBE has been reported with airborne concentrations as high as 33 ppm TWA (100 mg/m(3)) in refinery workers, but is generally less than 1 ppm (3 mg/m(3)) for an 8-hour TWA (ACGIH, 1996).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS1634-04-4 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A3 ; Listed as: Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)

A3 :Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Assessed under the IRIS program. ; Listed as: Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 3 ; Listed as: Methyl tert-butyl ether

3 : The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 3B ; Listed as: tert-Butyl methyl ether

Category 3B : Substances for which in vitro or animal studies have yielded evidence of carcinogenic effects that is not sufficient for classification of the substance in one of the other categories. Further studies are required before a final decision can be made. A MAK value can be established provided no genotoxic effects have been detected. (Footnote: In the past, when a substance was classified as Category 3 it was given a MAK value provided that it had no detectable genotoxic effects. When all such substances have been examined for whether or not they may be classified in Category 4, this sentence may be omitted.)

NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS1634-04-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD:

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC: 3 mg/m3

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

TOXICITY VALUES

LC50- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- 141 g/m(3) for 15M
LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- 23,576 ppm for 4H (RTECS, 2001)
- 85 mg/L (Neal et al, 1987)
LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- 1700 mcL/kg
LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- 5960 mcL/kg
LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- 4 g/kg (RTECS, 2001)
- 2962.8 mg/kg (Neal et al, 1987)
LDLo- (INTRAVENOUS)RAT:
- 148 mg/kg

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS

1 ppm = 3.60 mg/m(3) (at 25 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1996)

1 mg/m(3) = 0.28 ppm (at 25 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1996)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS1634-04-4 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 50 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A3
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions:

A3: Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): URT irr; kidney dam
Molecular Weight: 88.17

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS1634-04-4 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS1634-04-4 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS1634-04-4 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS1634-04-4 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS1634-04-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Methyl tert-butyl ether
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1000 (454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS1634-04-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS1634-04-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS1634-04-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS1634-04-4 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Methyl tert-butyl ether
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS1634-04-4 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS1634-04-4 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Propane, 2-methoxy-2-methyl-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2398 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Methyl tert-butyl ether

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2398
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3

3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions: IB2, T7, TP1

IB2: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized.
T7: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 150
Non-bulk packaging: 202
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 5 L
Cargo aircraft only: 60 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: E

E: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but is prohibited from carriage on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2398 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Methyl tert-butyl ether
UN Number: 2398

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS1634-04-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

MTBE is poisonous by the intravenous route; it is slightly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. MTBE is flammable and is a moderate fire risk. Avoid contact with heat, sparks, and flame (Lewis, 1993; Lewis, 1996; MSDS, 1997).

HANDLING

Use MTBE in areas with adequate ventilation; use spark proof tools and explosion proof equipment (MSDS, 1997).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Store MTBE in tightly closed containers. Ground and bond containers when transferring MTBE. Empty containers often contain MTBE residue (liquid and/or vapor) and may be dangerous; avoid exposing empty containers to heat, sparks, or flames. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, or grind empty containers (MSDS, 1997).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Store containers in a cool, dry, well ventilated area away from heat, sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition (MSDS, 1997).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

MTBE is incompatible with ignition sources, heat, strong acids, and strong oxidizers (MSDS, 1997) Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

MTBE is poisonous by the intravenous route; it is slightly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing; wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin exposure (Lewis, 1993; Lewis, 1996; MSDS, 1991; MSDS, 1997).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described in OSHA regulations at 29 CFR 1910.133. Have an eye-wash fountain readily available (MSDS, 1991; MSDS, 1997).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found at 29 CFR 1910.134 (MSDS, 1997).

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 1634-04-4.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

CPF 2

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

CPF 4

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >180
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder Plus

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >180
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.007
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.007
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem F

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.007
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.04
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.04
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem ThermoPro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.007
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.007
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Butyl 878

Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 38
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 295
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Butyl II 874R

Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 7
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 135
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Natural Rubber

Best Manufacturing

Original Nitty Gritty

Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 72
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 15
Notes: Tested under limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 13
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 207
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Neoprene

Best Manufacturing

Chloroflex 723

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 16
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 218
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Not Recommended (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 12
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 225
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Neoprene 6780 Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 50
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 94
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 48
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 101
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Ultraflex Neoprene 32

Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 16
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 186
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 53
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 66
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Stanzoil/NL-34

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): <6
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >981
Notes: 98%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Neoprene+NatR

Best Manufacturing

Chem Master CHM

Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 53
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 66
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 16
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 186
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Nitrile

Best Manufacturing

N-DEX 7005

Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Recommended
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

N-DEX 8005

Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Recommended
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Nitri-Solve 727

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 211
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Ultimate N-Dex 9905

Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Recommended
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Recommended
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Ultraflex Nitrile 22R

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 45
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 3
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): None Detected
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.7
Notes: Tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Stansolv/A-14

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: 98%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Stansolv/A-15

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 238
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 25.4
Notes: 98%; non-normalized breakthrough
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Stansolv/AF-18

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 374
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 18.8
Notes: 98%; non-normalized breakthrough
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Stansolv/AK-22

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 230
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 15
Notes: 98%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Nitrile+PVC

Best Manufacturing

Hustler 725R

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 53
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 66
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 15
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 257
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Plastic Laminate

North -- Safety 4H

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 35 degrees C; 95 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 21 degrees C; 70 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

Best Manufacturing

Black Knight 7712R

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 20
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 429
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride/Nitrile

Comasec Safety, Inc

Multi+plus

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: tested in accordance with ASTM F739
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Viton/Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Best Viton 892

Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 152
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 17
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Viton over Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Viton #890

Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Recommended
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: Tested with limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

Best Manufacturing 579 Edison Street Menlo, GA 30731 USA Phone: (706) 862-2302 Fax: (706) 862-6000 Toll-Free: (800) 241-0323 Website: http://www.bestglove.com Email: USA@bestglove.com
Comasec Safety, Inc 8 Niblick Road Box 1219 Enfield, CT 06083-1219 USA Phone: (860) 741-2207 Fax: (860) 741-0881 Toll-Free: (800) 333-0219 Website: http://www.comasecsafety.com Email: info@comasecsafety.com
DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
MAPA Spontex, Inc. 100 Spontex Dr. Columbia, TN 38401 USA Phone: (800) 537--2897 Fax: (800) 537--3299 Website: http://www.mapaglove.com Email: sales@mapaglove.com
North -- Safety 4H 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.safety4.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

Use adequate general or local exhaust ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below the permissible exposure limits (MSDS, 1997).

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
MTBE is flammable when exposed to heat or flame and will readily ignite at room temperature (Lewis, 1996; MSDS, 1997).
- MTBE is a less hazardous solvent than diethyl ether: it forms peroxides with difficulty, it is less volatile, and has a narrower range of explosive limits. However, fires involving MTBE are difficult to extinguish with foam (Urben, 1995).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS1634-04-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS1634-04-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

For small MTBE fires, use dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or alcohol resistant foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or alcohol resistant foam; do not use straight streams of water. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after the fire is out (MSDS, 1997).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, MTBE emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes (Lewis, 1996; MSDS, 1997).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Containers may explode in the heat of a fire. MTBE vapors may form an explosive mixture with air (MSDS, 1997).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

MTBE vapors may form an explosive mixture with air; it may accumulate static electrical charges which could cause ignition of its vapors (MSDS, 1997) Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

When heated to decomposition, MTBE emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes (Lewis, 1996).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

MTBE is stable under normal temperatures and pressures; however, it may form an explosive mixture with air. It may be able to form unstable peroxides. It is incompatible with strong acids. It reacts violently with strong oxidizers. It may accumulate static electrical charges which could cause ignition of its vapors (MSDS, 1997) Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

MTBE is a less hazardous solvent than diethyl ether: it forms peroxides with difficulty, it is less volatile, and has a narrower range of explosive limits. However, fires involving MTBE are difficult to extinguish with foam (Urben, 1995).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS1634-04-4 (AIHA, 2006):

Listed as Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE)
ERPG-1 (units = ):
ERPG-2 (units = ):
ERPG-3 (units = ):
Under Ballot, Review, or Consideration: Yes
Definitions:

ERPG-1: The ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing more than mild, transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor.
ERPG-2: The ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take protective action.
ERPG-3: The ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS1634-04-4 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Methyl-tert-butyl ether; (MTBE)
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 50
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 50
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 570
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 5300
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS1634-04-4 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Listed as: Methyl tertiary-butyl ether
Proposed Value:

AEGL-1

10 min exposure:

ppm: 50 ppm
mg/m3: 180 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 50 ppm
mg/m3: 180 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 50 ppm
mg/m3: 180 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 50 ppm
mg/m3: 180 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 50 ppm
mg/m3: 180 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.

Listed as: Methyl tertiary-butyl ether
Proposed Value:

AEGL-2

10 min exposure:

ppm: 1400 ppm
mg/m3: 5000 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 800 ppm
mg/m3: 3000 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 570 ppm
mg/m3: 2000 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 400 ppm
mg/m3: 1400 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 400 ppm
mg/m3: 1400 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

Listed as: Methyl tertiary-butyl ether
Proposed Value:

AEGL-3

10 min exposure:

ppm: 13,000 ppm
mg/m3: 47,000 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 7500 ppm
mg/m3: 27,000 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 5300 ppm
mg/m3: 19,000 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 2700 ppm
mg/m3: 9700 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 1900 ppm
mg/m3: 6800 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS1634-04-4 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
If MTBE is spilled, remove all sources of ignition and restrict access. Absorb the spill using an absorbent, non-combustible material such as earth, sand, or vermiculite. Avoid runoff of MTBE into sewers and ditches. Use a vapor suppressing foam to reduce vapors (MSDS, 1991; MSDS, 1997).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

Controlled incineration or a secure landfill are suggested disposal methods (MSDS, 1991).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

MTBE is released into the environment as a result of its use and storage as an octane booster in unleaded gasoline (Howard, 1993).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

MTBE in the atmosphere will exist almost entirely in the vapor phase based on its vapor pressure of 249 mmHg at 25 degrees C. It will photooxidize by vapor-phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals; however, direct photolysis will not be an important removal process since aliphatic ethers do not absorb light at wavelengths greater than 290 nm (Howard, 1993).
- The half-life of MTBE in air ranges from 20.7 hours to 265 hours (11 days) based on measured photooxidation rate constants (Howard et al, 1991).
- The atmospheric half-life of MTBE was calculated to be 3 to 6 days (Neal et al, 1987).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Based on estimated physical-chemical properties and other structurally related aliphatic ethers, MTBE in water will not significantly adsorb to sediment or suspended particulate matter. It will also not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms, hydrolyze, directly photolyze, or react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in the water (Howard, 1993).
- Because MTBE is more water soluble than other gasoline components, spills of gasoline-MTBE mixtures result in a more rapid spread of MTBE and a higher concentration in ground water (Garrett et al, 1986).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- MTBE in soil will volatilize based on the reported Henry's Law constant of 5.87x10(-4) atm-m(3)/mol and vapor pressure of 249 mmHg at 25 degrees C. Based on an estimated Koc of 11.2, it is expected to be very mobile and may leach into groundwater quickly (Howard, 1993).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

The atmospheric half-life of MTBE is 5-6 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5x10(5) hydroxyl radicals cm(-3) based on a measured vapor phase reaction ranging from 2.84x10(-12) to 3.2x10(-12) cm(3)molecule(-1)sec(-1) at 25 degrees C. Under normal environmental conditions (pH 5-9), hydrolysis will not be significant. Similarly, direct photolysis will also not be an important removal process since, as a group, aliphatic ethers do not absorb light at wavelengths greater than 290 nm (Howard, 1993).

The photooxidation half-life of MTBE in air ranges from 20.7 hours to 265 hours (11 days) based on measured photooxidation rate constants (Howard et al, 1991).

BIODEGRADATION

Screening tests suggest that MTBE may be resistant to biodegradation in the environment; many ethers are known to be resistant to biodegradation. Studies of biological treatment processes indicate that most MTBE could be removed from wastewater, but it was unclear if the removal was due to biological activity or some other process such as volatilization (Howard, 1993).

The scientific judgement of the anaerobic half-life of MTBE ranges from 2688 hours (16 weeks) to 17,280 hours (24 months) based on the estimated aerobic biodegradation half-life (Howard et al, 1991).

Available reports on the degradability of MTBE indicate that it is very poorly biodegraded by microorganisms in activated sludge. Biodegradation in ground water is therefore unlikely. MTBE in the atmosphere will be degraded by hydroxy radicals, with a half-life of about 3.5 days. The products of atmospheric degradation would be t-butyl formate, acetone and methyl radicals (Fujiwara, 1984)

A long-term study of MTBE in a shallow, sand aquifer in Canada suggests that biodegradation may have played a major role in the attenuation of MTBE (Schirmer & Barker, 1998).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

A reported bioconcentration factor of 1.5 in Japanese carp suggests that MTBE will not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms (Howard, 1993).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

At the time of this review, no ecotoxicological values could be found.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

88.15

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

MTBE is a colorless liquid with an unpleasant, hydrocarbon odor (ACGIH, 1996; Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1993).

No information found at the time of this review.

VAPOR PRESSURE

245 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)

249 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Howard, 1993)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

0.7404 (at 20/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)
0.741 (at 20/4 degrees C) (Lewis, 1996)
0.75 (at 20/4 degrees C) (ACGIH, 199)

DENSITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

0.74 kg/L (Ashford, 1994; Lewis, 1993)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-109 degrees C (ACGIH, 1996)
-110 degrees C (Lewis, 1993)

MELTING POINT

-109 degrees C (Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 1996; Howard, 1993)

BOILING POINT

54 degrees C (Lewis, 1996)

55 degrees C (Ashford, 1994; Lewis, 1993)

55.2 degrees C (ACGIH, 1996; Budavari, 1996; Howard, 1993)

FLASH POINT

-28 degrees C (ACGIH, 1996) Ashford, 1996; (Budavari, 1996)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

224 degrees C (Budavari, 1996)

435 degrees C; 815 degrees F (MSDS, 1999)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

2.5% (ACGIH, 1996)
1.6% (MSDS, 1999)

UPPER

15.1% (ACGIH, 1996)
8.4% (MSDS, 1999)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

MTBE is moderately soluble in water (ACGIH, 1996).

4.8 g/100 g (ACGIH, 1996; Budavari, 1996)
48 g/L (Ashford, 1994)
51,000 mg/L (at 25 degrees C) (Howard, 1993)
4% by weight (Lewis, 1993)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

It is very soluble in alcohol and ether (ACGIH, 1996).

OTHER

It is insoluble and unstable in acid solutions (ACGIH, 1996; Budavari, 1996).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

Log 1.24 (Howard, 1993)

log Kow = 0.94 (HSDB , 1999)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

5.87x10(-4) atm-m(3)/mol (Howard, 1993)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

7465 (Documentation of Molecular Spectroscopy Collection) (HSDB , 1999)

MASS

170 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley and Sons, New York) (HSDB , 1999)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

0.32-0.47 mg/m(3) (ACGIH, 1996)
Odor Threshold of 97% pure MTBE in gasoline: 0.5 ppm (3% MTBE); 0.28 ppm (11% MTBE); 0.26 ppm (15% MTBE) (ACGIH, 1996)

CRITICAL PRESSURE

520 psia; 35.4 atm (CHRIS , 1999)

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

224.1 degrees C; 435.4 degrees F (CHRIS , 1999)

HEAT OF COMBUSTION

101,000 Btu/gal; 804 kcal/mol (at 25 degrees C) (Lewis, 1993)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.3690 (at 20 degrees C/D) (HSDB , 1999)
1.3689 (at 20 degrees C/C) (Budavari, 1996)

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

19010 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 1999)

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Phenyl Mercaptan (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006d. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020cc0c&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Propargyl Alcohol (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006e. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ec91&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Selenium Hexafluoride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006f. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ec55&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Silane (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006g. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020d523&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

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MTBE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents