MILRINONE
HAZARDTEXT ®
Information to help in the initial response for evaluating chemical incidents
-IDENTIFICATION
SYNONYMS
Milrinone lactate 1,6-Dihydro-2-methyl-6-oxo[3,4'-bipyridine]-5-carbonitrile Win-47203-2 Molecular formula: C12-H9-N3-O CAS 78415-72-2
IDENTIFIERS
USES/FORMS/SOURCES
-CLINICAL EFFECTS
GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS
- USES: Milrinone is used for the short-term (less than 48 hours) treatment of patients with acute decompensated heart failure.
- PHARMACOLOGY: Milrinone lactate along with amrinone belongs to the bipyridine inotropic/vasodilator class of medications. It exerts its vasodilatory action by selectively inhibiting cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-specific phosphodiesterase III isoenzyme in cardiac and smooth vascular muscle. The increase in vascular muscle AMP facilitates calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, thereby reducing calcium stores available for myofibril contraction, with subsequent reduction of vascular tone.
- EPIDEMIOLOGY: Overdose is rare.
Adverse effects reported with therapy include ventricular and supraventricular dysrhythmias, hypotension, angina/chest pain, headache, bronchospasm, anaphylactic shock, elevated liver enzymes, rash, hypokalemia, tremor, and thrombocytopenia. Torsades de pointes is a rare occurrence with milrinone therapy.
- Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.
-FIRST AID
FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT
- Gastrointestinal decontamination is not recommended; administered via the parenteral route.
-RANGE OF TOXICITY
MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE
- A specific toxic dose has not been established. The vasodilator effect of milrinone may result in hypotension in the event of an overdose (Prod Info milrinone lactate in 5% dextrose intravenous injection solution, 2014).
- Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS78415-72-2 :
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed
TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES
- EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS78415-72-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):
-STANDARDS AND LABELS
WORKPLACE STANDARDS
- ACGIH TLV Values for CAS78415-72-2 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):
- AIHA WEEL Values for CAS78415-72-2 (AIHA, 2006):
- NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS78415-72-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
- OSHA PEL Values for CAS78415-72-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):
- OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS78415-72-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS78415-72-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS78415-72-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS78415-72-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):
- EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS78415-72-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS78415-72-2 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):
- DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS78415-72-2 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):
- EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS78415-72-2 (EPA, 2005):
LABELS
- NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS78415-72-2 (NFPA, 2002):
-PERSONAL PROTECTION
SUMMARY
- Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
- CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 78415-72-2.
-PHYSICAL HAZARDS
FIRE HAZARD
- FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION
- NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS78415-72-2 (NFPA, 2002):
- FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
- Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.
- NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS78415-72-2 (NFPA, 2002):
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
- Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.
- AIHA ERPG Values for CAS78415-72-2 (AIHA, 2006):
- DOE TEEL Values for CAS78415-72-2 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):
- AEGL Values for CAS78415-72-2 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 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62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):
- NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS78415-72-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS
-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE
- Milrinone is a white to tan, hygroscopic, crystalline solid that is freely soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and practically insoluble in water, chloroform, and methyl alcohol (Sweetman, 2007).
-REFERENCES
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