METHYLTRICHLOROSILANE

Methyltrichlorosilane is used as an agent in chemical vapor deposition (as silicon carbide fiber coating) and as a surface treatment agent (as silica) (Ashford, 1994a).
It is an intermediate in the production of silicones (Lewis, 1997a).
This chemical is used in the production of silicones that are used in water repellants, electrical insulation, heat resistant paints and other compounds (Sittig, 1991a).

FORMS

Methyltrichlorosilane is available at purities of 98% or greater (HSDB, 2000; CHRIS, 2000).

SOURCES

Methyltrichlorosilane can be produced in a direct process, using metallurgical grade silicon and methyl chloride. In this process, other byproducts are chlorotrimethylsilane, dichlorodimethylsilane and dichloromethylsilane. Derivatives of methyltrichlorosilane include dichloromethylphenylsilane, methyl triacetoxysilane and silicone resin(Ashford, 1994a).
This process is performed as a controlled reaction between the two chemicals, with copper as catalyst. Other methylchlorosilanes produced in this process are separated via fractional distillation (HSDB, 2000).
It can be produced via Grignard reaction, using silicon tetrachloride and methylmagnesium chloride (Lewis, 1997a).
The major manufacturer is Union Carbide Corporation in Sistersville, WV.

In 1972 and in 1975, the annual amount of methyltrichlorosilane produced in the U.S. exceeded 4.54X10(5) grams (HSDB, 2000).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Chlorosilanes are severe irritants to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes, and liberate hydrochloric acid in the presence of water. In animals, toxicity following ingestion is greater with chlorosilanes than with alkyl or alkoxy non-chlorinated derivatives. Little is known about the effects of chronic chlorosilane exposure.

Ingestion of methyltrichlorosilane may cause excessive salivation; thirst; difficulty swallowing; chills; pain; oral, esophageal, and stomach burns; coffee-ground vomitus; and circulatory collapse.

Signs and symptoms following inhalation may include hoarseness, laryngitis, a feeling of suffocation, dyspnea, chest pain, pulmonary edema, bleeding of the nose and gums, and ulceration of the nasal mucosa.

Renal toxicity has occurred in experimental animals.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 155 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death.
Bromoacetates and chloroacetates are extremely irritating/lachrymators.
Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases.
Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Chlorosilanes liberate HYDROCHLORIC ACID in the presence of water (Finkel, 1983; Sax & Lewis, 1989).

Methyltrichlorosilane is toxic by the inhalation, dermal, or oral exposure routes (EPA, 1985; Sax & Lewis, 1989). The vapors are irritating to mucous membranes, and the liquid is corrosive (CHRIS , 1993; Finkel, 1983; EPA, 1985; HSDB , 1993). It can cause second- or third-degree burns, and death or permanent injury may occur after brief exposure to even a small quantity (EPA, 1985; CHRIS , 1993).

Severe eye irritation or burns may occur following exposure to chlorosilane vapor or liquid (CHRIS , 1993; HSDB , 1993), possibly resulting in blindness (EPA, 1985). Dyspnea and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema may develop after inhalation of chlorosilane vapors (EPA, 1985; CHRIS , 1993).

Ingestion of chlorosilanes may cause spontaneous vomiting, burns of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach, viscid white or blood-stained foamy mucous, threads of tissue in the mouth, swelling of the throat, and possibly perforation of the esophagus, together with systemic effects such as a weak and rapid pulse and circulatory collapse (EPA, 1985; HSDB , 1993). Emesis may contain fresh blood if corrosion of the gastrointestinal tract has occurred (HSDB , 1993). Circulatory collapse and kidney failure may follow ingestion (HSDB , 1993). Gastric and pyloric strictures, stenosis, and scarring may require surgical repair (EPA, 1985).

Shallow and difficult breathing, lacrimation, nasal discharge, salivation, and kidney failure were noted in rats exposed to chlorosilane vapors (Rowe et al, 1948). Instillation of a small drop of any of the chlorosilanes produced severe damage in rabbit eyes, with corneal and eyelid burns (Rowe et al, 1948). Corrosion of the gastrointestinal tract occurred when chlorosilanes were given orally (Rowe et al, 1948). Methyltrichlorosilane induced mild skin irritation and severe eye irritation in rabbits in the Standard Draize Test (RTECS , 1993).

In experimental animals, the oral toxicity is greater for chlorosilanes than for alkyl or alkoxy non-chlorinated derivatives (RTECS , 1993).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

At the time of this review, no chronic exposure studies were found for methyltrichlorosilane in humans or experimental animals.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 155 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

INHALATION EXPOSURE -

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.
All persons with significant inhalation exposure should be admitted to a hospital, and observed and treated under controlled conditions until all signs and symptoms have resolved.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and irrigate exposed areas with copious amounts of water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists.
Remove and isolate all contaminated clothing and shoes (EPA, 1985). Treat as hazardous waste.
All persons with significant dermal exposure should be admitted to a hospital, and observed and treated under controlled conditions until all signs and symptoms have resolved.

EYE EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
There is no specific antidote for eye exposure to the chlorosilanes (Grant, 1986). All persons with significant eye exposure should be admitted to a hospital, and observed and treated under controlled conditions until all signs and symptoms have resolved.

ORAL EXPOSURE -

Do not induce vomiting or give bicarbonate to neutralize.
Irrigate the mouth with copious amounts of water.
Immediately dilute with 4 to 8 ounces (120 to 240 milliliters) of milk or water (not to exceed 15 milliliters per kilogram in a child).
Follow dilution with appropriate demulcents - milk, cornstarch, and water.
All persons with significant oral exposure should be admitted to a hospital and observed and treated under controlled conditions until all signs and symptoms have resolved.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ADULT

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS75-79-6 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS75-79-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: Clayton & Clayton, 1994 Lewis, 1996 RTECS, 2000
- LC50- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS75-79-6 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS75-79-6 (AIHA, 2006):

Listed as Methyltrichlorosilane
Not Listed
Ceiling or Short-term TWA: 1 ppm, ceiling
Skin Notation: No
Dermal Sensitizer: No
Candidate WEEL: No
WEEL Under Review: No

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS75-79-6 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS75-79-6 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS75-79-6 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Threshold Quantity, in pounds:500

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS75-79-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS75-79-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS75-79-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS75-79-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Methyltrichlorosilane
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 500

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

500
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): d

d: Revised TPQ based on new or re-evaluated toxicity data, April 22, 1987.

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS75-79-6 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS75-79-6 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS75-79-6 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Silane, trichloromethyl-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1250 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Methyltrichlorosilane

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1250
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3, 8

3: Flammable Liquid.
8: Corrosive.

Special Provisions: A7, B6, B77, N34, T11, TP2, TP13

A7: Steel packagings must be corrosion-resistant or have protection against corrosion.
B6: Packagings shall be made of steel.
B77: Other packaging are authorized when approved by the Associate Administrator.
N34: Aluminum construction materials are not authorized for any part of a packaging which is normally in contact with the hazardous material.
T11: Minimum test pressure (bar): 6; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP2: a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and alpha is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius; and b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions a may be calculated using the formula: [alpha = (d15-d50)/(35 x d50)], where d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) and 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), respectively.
TP13: Self-contained breathing apparatus must be provided when this hazardous material is transported by sea.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 201
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: 2.5 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: B

B: (i) The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length; and (ii) "On deck only" on passenger vessels in which the number of passengers specified in paragraph (k)(2)(i) of this section is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 40

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1250 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Methyltrichlorosilane
UN Number: 1250

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS75-79-6 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Methyltrichlorosilane
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 4

(4) Highly toxic material. Very limited exposure could cause death or major injury even though prompt medical treatment is given. Includes known or suspect human carcinogens, mutagens, or teratogens.

Flammability Rating (Red): 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 2

(2) Materials which in themselves are normally unstable and readily undergo violent chemical change, but do not detonate. This rating includes materials which may react violently with water or which may form potentially explosive mixtures with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: W

W: Water Reactive. Denotes materials that are water reactive. These compounds undergo rapid energy releases on contact with water.

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Store in tightly closed containers, isolated from any source of heat (Sittig, 1991), and protected against physical damage (HSDB , 2000).
Metal containers used to transfer volumes of 5 gallons or more of methyltrichlorosilane should be grounded and bonded. Drums containing methyltrichlorosilane must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs and flame arresters. Whenever containers of methyltrichlorosilane have to be opened or closed, only non-sparking tools and equipment should be employed (Sittig, 1991).
Usual shipping containers are glass bottles inside wooden box. Metal cans, pails or drums may also be used. Compound should be packaged in nitrogen atmosphere (NFPA, 1997).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Store in a dry, cool and well-ventilated room (Sittig, 1991; NFPA, 1997), isolated from any source of heat. Sources of ignition, such as smoking or open flames, are NOT allowed in areas where methyltrichlorosilane is handled, stored or used. Explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings must be used in areas where methyltrichlorosilane is used, handled, manufactured or stored (Sittig, 1991).
Storage of this compound in an outside or detached facility is preferred (HSDB , 2000; NFPA, 1997). If unavailable, store inside in a standard flammable liquid storage room or cabinet (HSDB , 2000).
Store and ship at ambient temperature. Provision of inert atmosphere is not required (CHRIS , 2000).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

This compound is NOT compatible with bases (Pohanish & Greene, 1997), water, steam, acids, alkalis, and chemically active metals, such as potassium, sodium, magnesium and zinc (Sittig, 1991).
- Exposure to water or air results in formation and release of hydrochloric acid (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
Exposure to oxidizers may result in fire or explosion (Lewis, 1996; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
Most metals corrode when exposed to this compound. Some plastics, rubber and coatings are attacked by this chemical (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 155 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Stay upwind, and prevent exposure to this compound by wearing the appropriate respirator and chemical protective clothing. Always wear protective gear, even when handling broken packages. Avoid skin contact. Put on clean protective gear before working with this chemical. If skin contact has occurred, use large volumes of water or soap and water to wash off the chemical (AAR, 1998; Sittig, 1991).

Protective clothing items must be corrosion-resistant (Sittig, 1991).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

The use of splash-proof chemical goggles and face shield is recommended when working with liquid methyltrichlorosilane, unless workers are equipped with full facepiece respiratory protection (Sittig, 1991).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

Whenever the potential for exposure to methyltrichlorosilane exists, the following respirators are recommended (Sittig, 1991): MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator with full face piece, operated in positive pressure mode, or with full face piece, helmet or hood, operated in continuous flow mode, or MSHA/NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full face piece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.

To combat a fire, protection from the highly irritating combustion products requires the use of a self-contained breathing apparatus (Sittig, 1991).

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 75-79-6.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.001
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem ThermoPro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.0001
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Plastic Laminate

North -- Safety 4H

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 35 degrees C; 95 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 21 degrees C; 70 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
North -- Safety 4H 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.safety4.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 155 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff.
- Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
- Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.
This compound is flammable and should be considered a dangerous fire hazard (Lewis, 1997).
Containers of methyltrichlorosilane may explode if exposed to fire (HSDB , 2000).
If this compound is on fire, the fire may be difficult to extinguish and re-ignition may occur (HSDB , 2000).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS75-79-6 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Methyltrichlorosilane
Flammability Rating: 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

INITIATING OR CONTRIBUTING PROPERTIES

This compound may form explosive mixtures when in contact with air (Lewis, 1997).
Exposure to heat or flame may cause ignition. Exposure to oxidizing compounds may result in violent reaction (Lewis, 1996).

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 155 (ERG, 2004)

Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.
CAUTION: For Acetyl chloride (UN1717), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 155 (ERG, 2004)

CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 155 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use AFFF alcohol-resistant medium expansion foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 155 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS75-79-6 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Methyltrichlorosilane
Extinguishing Method(s): Not Listed

Attempt to combat fire only if the leak can be stopped. Use alcohol-resistant foam (AFFF alcohol-resistant medium expansion foam), dry chemical, dry sand or carbon dioxide to control fires. Water should NOT be used directly or in straight stream on burning methyltrichlorosilane, but can be used to cool hot containers or as spray or fog to wet nearby combustibles. Water spray may also be used to knock down vapors, but NOT directly on methyltrichlorosilane. Always apply water from a safe, distant location (AAR, 1998; NFPA, 1997). Alternatively, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles (HSDB , 2000).

If material in the vicinity is on fire, keep sources of ignition (such as sparks or flames) away from spilled methyltrichlorosilane (AAR, 1998).

For small fires, dry chemical or carbon dioxide may be used as extinguishing agents. For larger fires, water may be used only if proper protective gear protects firefighting personnel from exposure to the highly irritant combustion products. Containers exposed to heat may be cooled with water (Sittig, 1991).

Expect the runoff from fire control or dilution to be corrosive and toxic (HSDB , 2000).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, this compound will release toxic fumes of chloride (Lewis, 1996).
During combustion in open fires, extremely toxic hydrogen chloride gas and phosgene gas are released (HSDB , 2000).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

This compound may form spontaneously explosive mixtures when in contact with air (Lewis, 1997).

Ignition of vapors in enclosed spaces may result in explosion (HSDB , 2000).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Vapors of this compound form highly explosive mixtures with air and hence present a severe indoor, outdoor and sewer explosion hazard. Because the vapors are heavier than air, they tend to spread near the ground and accumulate in low or confined areas, such as sewers, basements or tanks. If sources of ignition are present, expect vapors to travel to them and flash back (HSDB , 2000; NFPA, 1997).

Exposure of eyes and respiratory tissue to the vapors causes severe irritation and possibly tissue injury (HSDB , 2000).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

This compound is NOT compatible with bases (Pohanish & Greene, 1997), water, steam, acids, alkalis, and chemically active metals such as potassium, sodium, magnesium and zinc (Sittig, 1991).

Reaction between metals and methyltrichlorosilane will generate flammable hydrogen gas (HSDB , 2000).
Exposure to water or air results in formation and release of hydrochloric acid (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Most metals corrode when exposed to this compound. Some plastics, rubber and coatings are attacked by this chemical (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Exposure to oxidizers may result in fire or explosion (Lewis, 1996; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (ERG, 2004)

Data presented from the Emergency Response Guidebook Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances are for use when a spill has occurred and there is no fire. If there is a fire, or if a fire is involved, evacuation information presented under FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES should be used.
Generally, a small spill is one that involves a single, small package such as a drum containing up to approximately 200 liters, a small cylinder, or a small leak from a large package. A large spill is one that involves a spill from a large package, or multiple spills from many small packages.
Suggested distances to protect from vapors of toxic-by-inhalation and/or water-reactive materials during the first 30 minutes following the spill.

DOT ID No. 1250 - Methyltrichlorosilane

when spilled in water
SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 30 meters (100 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.1 kilometers (0.1 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 0.5 kilometers (0.3 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 150 meters (500 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 1.3 kilometers (0.8 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 4 kilometers (2.5 miles).

CAUTION:

This material which produces large amounts of the following gas(es)when spilled in water:

Hydrogen chloride

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 155 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 155 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 155 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate enclosed areas.

Following discharge, post warning signs indicating HIGH FLAMMABILITY, AIR CONTAMINANT. Restrict access to spill site and evacuate the area. Use caution when dispersing and flushing this compound (HSDB , 2000).

Following spill or leak, immediately isolate the area for 50 to 100 meters (160 to 330 feet) in all directions. Prevent leakage into low areas, and ventilate enclosed areas while staying upwind. Do NOT allow unauthorized personnel to enter the spill site (HSDB , 2000).

Evacuate in a one-third mile radius if methyltrichlorosilane is on fire or if containers of this compound are directly exposed to flames. If methyltrichlorosilane is spilled but not on fire, evacuate people in the downwind area. Determine the size of the evacuation area based on the amount of material spilled, as well as the weather and location conditions (AAR, 1998).

Increase the isolation distance to 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions if a tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in the fire. Initial evacuation for 800 meters in all directions may also be indicated (HSDB , 2000).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS75-79-6 (AIHA, 2006):

Listed as Methyltrichlorosilane
ERPG-1 (units = ppm): 0.5
ERPG-2 (units = ppm): 3
ERPG-3 (units = ppm): 15
Under Ballot, Review, or Consideration: No
Definitions:

ERPG-1: The ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing more than mild, transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor.
ERPG-2: The ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take protective action.
ERPG-3: The ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS75-79-6 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Methyltrichlorosilane; (Trichloromethyl silane)
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 0.2
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 0.6
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 7.3
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 33
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS75-79-6 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Listed as: Methyl trichlorosilane
Proposed Value:

AEGL-1

10 min exposure:

ppm: 0.6 ppm
mg/m3:

30 min exposure:

ppm: 0.6 ppm
mg/m3:

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.6 ppm
mg/m3:

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.6 ppm
mg/m3:

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.6 ppm
mg/m3:

Definitions:

AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.

Listed as: Methyl trichlorosilane
Proposed Value:

AEGL-2

10 min exposure:

ppm: 33 ppm
mg/m3:

30 min exposure:

ppm: 14 ppm
mg/m3:

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 7.3 ppm
mg/m3:

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 3.7 ppm
mg/m3:

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 3.7 ppm
mg/m3:

Definitions:

AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

Listed as: Methyl trichlorosilane
Proposed Value:

AEGL-3

10 min exposure:

ppm: 210 ppm
mg/m3:

30 min exposure:

ppm: 70 ppm
mg/m3:

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 33 ppm
mg/m3:

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 8.7 ppm
mg/m3:

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 8.7 ppm
mg/m3:

Definitions:

AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.

Listed as: Methyltrichlorosilane
Proposed Value:

AEGL-1

10 min exposure:

ppm: 0.6 ppm
mg/m3: 3.7 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 0.6 ppm
mg/m3: 3.7 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.6 ppm
mg/m3: 3.7 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.6 ppm
mg/m3: 3.7 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.6 ppm
mg/m3: 3.7 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.

Listed as: Methyltrichlorosilane
Proposed Value:

AEGL-2

10 min exposure:

ppm: 37 ppm
mg/m3: 230 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 12 ppm
mg/m3: 73 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 6.2 ppm
mg/m3: 38 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 1.6 ppm
mg/m3: 9.8 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.78 ppm
mg/m3: 4.8 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

Listed as: Methyltrichlorosilane
Proposed Value:

AEGL-3

10 min exposure:

ppm: 170 ppm
mg/m3: 1000 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 56 ppm
mg/m3: 340 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 28 ppm
mg/m3: 170 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 7 ppm
mg/m3: 43 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 3.5 ppm
mg/m3: 21 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS75-79-6 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 155 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- FOR CHLOROSILANES, use AFFF alcohol-resistant medium expansion foam to reduce vapors.
- DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.
- Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 155 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
If possible, try to stop the leak. Spilled material can be contained for subsequent neutralization by building a dike. Neutralization can be done with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime. Do NOT allow spilled material to enter water sources or sewers (AAR, 1998).
If workers are equipped with adequate protection against developing hydrochloric acid, spills of methyltrichlorosilane may be diluted with large volumes of water and then neutralized with sodium bicarbonate. Care should be taken to prevent leakage of water into containers of methyltrichlorosilane, because gas developing during this reaction may increase the pressure inside the container and rupture it. Expect a violent reaction between water and methyltrichlorosilane, and protect workers from it. Do NOT breathe in vapors. Avoid contact with skin to prevent severe burns and risk of secondary infections (Sittig, 1991).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 155 (ERG, 2004)
- Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.
Small spills may be contained using DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible agents. Cover the spill-mixture with plastic sheet and collect material (using non-sparking tools)in loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal (HSDB , 2000).
AFFF alcohol-resistant medium expansion foam may be used to reduce the release of vapors. Water spray may also be used to reduce the release of vapors or to divert the vapor cloud (HSDB , 2000).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Methyltrichlorosilane is an anthropogenic compound and does not occur naturally in the environment. Exposure in the environment may occur near sites where this compound is manufactured or formulated into polymers, if it is released as fugitive emission (HSDB , 2000).

Notify local health and wildlife officials as well as operators of nearby water intakes if this compound has leaked into water intakes (HSDB , 2000).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

Hydrolysis with atmospheric moisture is expected to be the dominant process in air (HSDB , 2000).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Extremely rapid hydrolysis to hydrogen chloride and polymeric silicones is expected to be the dominant process in water. Because this reaction occurs at great speed, other fate processes are unlikely to take place at significant degrees (HSDB , 2000).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- In moist soil, this compound is expected to undergo rapid hydrolysis. Volatilization to the atmosphere may occur if large amounts of this compound are released to very dry soil (HSDB , 2000).

OTHER

OTHER
- Methyltrichlorosilane is expected to persist in the environment only for a short duration, due to its high reactivity with moisture or water. It is expected that rapid hydrolysis is the major fate process for this compound in air, water and soil (HSDB , 2000).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

Hydrolysis is expected to occur so rapidly that other abiotic processes are unlikely to take place at significant degrees (HSDB , 2000).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

Bioaccumulation is unlikely to occur because this compound rapidly decomposes upon contact with water in biological tissues (HSDB , 2000).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

"Effect of low concentrations on aquatic life is unknown" (HSDB , 2000).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

149.48

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

At 15 degrees C and 1 atmosphere pressure, methyltrichlorosilane exists in liquid form (CHRIS , 2000).

It is a colorless fuming liquid, with a pungent odor (AAR, 1998), that has also been described as acrid, sharp, hydrochloric acid-like (CHRIS , 2000; Sittig, 1991).

It readily reacts with water by hydrolysis, releasing the corrosive agent hydrochloric acid (AAR, 1998; Ashford, 1994; Lewis, 1997). Methyltrichlorosilane can react with water, liberating heat and hydrochloric acid (EPA, 1985). This is likely to occur when it comes in contact with biological tissue.

It is flammable and may form explosive mixtures when in contact with air (Lewis, 1997).

It is stable during transport (HSDB , 2000).

Like other organo-functional silanes, methyltrichlorosilane is capable of bonding organic polymer systems to inorganic substrates (HSDB , 2000).

The reaction between methyltrichlorosilane and halogens usually results in cleavage of the Si-H bond, followed by formation of the silicon-halogen bond. Halogenation using chlorine, bromine and iodine usually produces good yields and proceeds smoothly, whereas the reaction with fluorine may not generate good yield due to additional cleavage of C-Si and C-H bonds (HSDB , 2000).

The liquid is heavier than water; the vapors are heavier than air (AAR, 1998).

VAPOR PRESSURE

137 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (NFPA, 1997)

167 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
1.27 kg/L (25/25 degrees C) (Lewis, 1997)

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

1.28 kg/L (20/4 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)
1.27 kg/L (20/4 degrees C) (Lewis, 1996)

DENSITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
1.27 kg/L (liquid at 25 degrees C) (Ashford, 1994; CHRIS , 2000; CHRIS , 2000)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

-90 degrees C (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)
-90 degrees C; -130 degrees F; 183 degrees K (CHRIS , 2000; NFPA, 1997)

BOILING POINT

66 degrees C (Ashford, 1994; Lewis, 1996; Sittig, 1991)

66 degrees C; 151 degrees F (NFPA, 1997)

66.5 degrees C (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

66.4 degrees C (HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1997)

66.4 degrees C; 151.5 degrees F; 339.6 degrees K (at 1 atm) (CHRIS , 2000)

FLASH POINT

8 degrees F (AAR, 1998)

-13.3 degrees C, 8 degrees F (Lewis, 1997)

-9 degrees C; 15 degrees F (NFPA, 1997; Pohanish & Greene, 1997; Sittig, 1991)

45 degrees F (open cup) (CHRIS , 2000; HSDB , 2000)

15 degrees F (closed cup) (CHRIS , 2000; HSDB , 2000)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

Greater than 760 degrees F (CHRIS , 2000; HSDB , 2000)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

7.6% (Sittig, 1991)
5.1% (CHRIS , 2000)
7.2% (NFPA, 1997)

UPPER

Greater than 20% (CHRIS , 2000; Sittig, 1991)
11.9% (NFPA, 1997)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Not soluble, compound decomposes in water (NFPA, 1997)
Decomposes in water, forming hydrochloric acid (AAR, 1998)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

5540 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2000)
2:1317G (Aldrich Library of Infrared Spectra, Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI) (HSDB , 2000)

MASS

4136 (National Bureau of Standards EPA-NIH Mass Spectra Data Base, NSRDS-NBS-63) (HSDB , 2000)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

SURFACE TENSION

0.0203 N/m; 20.3 dynes/cm (at 20 degrees C) (CHRIS , 2000)

HEAT OF COMBUSTION

-3000 Btu/lb (estimated); -1700 cal/g; -70X10(5) K/kg (CHRIS , 2000)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.4085 (at 25 degrees C) (Lewis, 1997)

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

10:151D (Aldrich Library of Infrared Spectra, Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI) (HSDB , 2000)

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METHYLTRICHLOROSILANE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents